Zamanin tankuna masu ban mamaki

Zamanin tankuna masu ban mamaki

Tankunan farko da aka yiwa alama Mark I an yi amfani da su a yaƙi a cikin 1916 da Burtaniya ta yi a Yaƙin Somme don tallafawa sojojin ƙasa. Babban harin tanki na farko ya faru ne a lokacin yakin Cambrai a shekarar 1917. A yayin bikin cika shekaru XNUMX na waɗannan abubuwan, bari in gabatar da bayyani na ƙirar da ba a san su ba da ra'ayoyin tankuna - ƙira na musamman da kama-da-wane.

Motoci masu sulke na gaskiya na farko sune motocin sulke da aka ƙera a cikin shekaru goma na farko na ƙarni na XNUMX, galibi ana sanye su da bindigar injina ko igwa mai haske. Da shigewar lokaci, akan manyan motoci da nauyi, adadin makamai da caliber ya ƙaru. A lokacin, sun kasance masu sauri da kuma kariya ga ma'aikatan jirgin daga harbin bindiga da harsashi. Duk da haka, suna da babban lahani: sun yi aiki sosai ko kuma ba su yi aiki ba.

kashe tituna...

Don magance wannan matsala, tun daga ƙarshen 1914 a Burtaniya, an yi ƙoƙarin shawo kan jami'an Ofishin Yakin Biritaniya game da buƙatar kera motoci masu sulke masu sulke bisa taraktocin noma. An yi ƙoƙari na farko a cikin wannan hanya a cikin 1911 (na Austrian Günter Burstyn da Lancelot de Molay na Australia), amma masu yanke shawara ba su gane su ba. Wannan lokaci, duk da haka, ya yi aiki, da kuma bayan shekara guda da Birtaniya, Laftanar Kanar Ernest Swinton, Major Walter Gordon Wilson da William Tritton, tsara da kuma gina wani samfur na Little Willie tank (Little Willie), da kuma ayyukan da kansu - don ɓarna. An boye su a karkashin lambar sunan Tank, har yanzu ana amfani da wannan kalma a cikin harsuna da yawa don kwatanta tanki.

A kan hanyar juyin halitta na ra'ayi har zuwa Janairu 1916, an gina samfurori na sanannun tankuna masu siffar lu'u-lu'u Mark I (Big Willie, Big Willy) kuma an yi nasarar gwada su. Su ne na farko da suka shiga yakin Somme a watan Satumbar 1916, kuma sun zama daya daga cikin alamomin shigar Birtaniyya a yakin duniya na farko. An samar da tankunan Mark I da magajin su a cikin nau'i biyu: "namiji" (Namiji), dauke da bindigogi 2 da bindigogi 3 (2 x 57 mm da 3 x 8 mm Hotchkiss) da "mace" (Mace), dauke da 5 bindigogin bindigu (1 x 8 mm Hotchkiss da 4 x 7,7 mm Vickers), amma a sigogin da suka biyo baya, bayanan makaman sun canza.

Bambance-bambancen Mark I yana da nauyin haɗin kai na 27 da 28 ton, bi da bi; Siffar halayensu ta kasance ɗan ƙaramin ƙwanƙwasa, wanda aka rataye a tsakanin manyan gine-gine masu siffar lu'u-lu'u tare da sulke masu sulke a gefen gefen, waɗanda aka haɗa su gaba ɗaya da caterpillars. Rive ɗin sulke yana da kauri 6 zuwa 12 mm kuma an kiyaye shi daga wutar bindiga kawai. Tsarin tuƙi mai rikitarwa wanda ya ƙunshi injin Daimler-Knight 16-cylinder mai ƙarfin 105 hp. da akwatunan gear guda biyu da clutches, suna buƙatar mutane 4 don yin aiki - jimillar ma'aikatan jirgin 8 - 2 ga kowace waƙa. Saboda haka, tanki ya kasance babba (tsawon mita 9,92 tare da "wutsiya", mai sauƙin sarrafawa da shawo kan ramuka, 4,03 m fadi tare da sponons da 2,44 m high) da ƙananan sauri (mafi girman gudu zuwa 6 km / h), amma shi ya kasance wata hanya mai inganci ta tallafawa sojojin. An isar da tankunan tankuna 150 na Mark I, kuma yawancin samfuran da yawa sun bi haɓakarsa.