Yin aiki da abin hawa hydrogen (manyan mai)
Abubuwa
Wani madadin yin amfani da motocin lantarki, maganin hydrogen, Jamusawa da Japan sun daɗe suna nazarin su. Turai, wanda Tesla yayi la'akari da rashin kwanciyar hankali, duk da haka ya yanke shawarar sanya kunshin a kan wannan fasaha (duniya, ba don kawai manufar motsa motoci ba). Don haka bari mu kalli yadda motar hydrogen ke aiki, wanda saboda haka bambancin motar lantarki ce kawai.
Karanta kuma:
- Shin motar hydrogen tana aiki?
- Menene fa'ida da rashin amfani da kwayar mai
Yawancin motocin hydrogen
Yayin da fasahar zamani ta motocin da ke amfani da ƙwayoyin mai don ƙarfafa injinan lantarki, ana kuma iya amfani da hydrogen wajen daidaita motocin konewa na ciki. Lallai iskar gas ce da za a iya amfani da ita kamar yadda LPG da CNG da aka riga aka yi amfani da su a cikin motocinmu. Koyaya, an yi watsi da wannan ra'ayin, injin piston ya fi dacewa da lokutan…
Ga Toyota Mirai mai karfin hydrogen. Ana sayar da shi a cikin Amurka, ba a cikin Faransanci ba, saboda babu wurin rarraba hydrogen a can ... Bayan da muka yi latti tare da tashoshin lantarki, mun riga mun koma baya a hydrogen!
Mahimmin aiki
Idan da zamu takaita tsarin a jumla daya, zan fadi hakashi motar lantarki wanda ke tafiya da carburant mara gurbacewa (a cikin aiki, ba a samarwa ba). Maimakon yin cajin baturi tare da filogi don haka wutar lantarki, muna cika shi da ruwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa muke kiran tsarin kwayar halitta (shi ne
tara
wanda ke aiki da man fetur wanda
cinyewa
et
bace daga tanki
). A gaskiya ma, kawai bambanci da injin lantarki shine ajiyar makamashi, a nan a cikin ruwa, ba nau'in sinadarai ba.
Don haka, ya kamata a lura cewa baturin yana fitar da wuta, sabanin baturin lithium ko ma baturin gubar-acid (duba hanyoyin haɗin don gano yadda suke aiki).
Taswirar tsari
Hydrogen = hybrid?
Kusan ... Lallai, a tsari suna da ƙarin batirin lithium, amfanin wanda zan yi bayani a ƙasa. Saboda haka, yana yiwuwa a yi aiki kawai akan hydrogen, kawai ta amfani da baturi na al'ada, ko ma duka biyu a lokaci guda.
Kayan aiki
Tankin hydrogen
Muna da tanki wanda zai iya adana kilogiram 5 zuwa 10 na hydrogen, sanin cewa kowace kilogiram na dauke da makamashin kilowatt 33.3 (idan aka kwatanta da motocin lantarki, masu karfin 35 zuwa 100 kWh). An ƙera tankin na musamman kuma yana da ƙarfi don jure matsi na ciki na mashaya 350 zuwa 700.
Kwayoyin mai
Tantanin mai zai samar da wuta ga injin lantarkin motar kamar baturin lithium na al'ada. Duk da haka, yana buƙatar man fetur, wato hydrogen daga tanki. An yi shi da platinum mai tsada sosai, amma a cikin mafi zamani iri yana yin ba tare da shi ba.
Baturi mai karewa
Ba a buƙatar wannan, amma shine ma'auni na motocin hydrogen. Lalle ne, yana aiki azaman baturi na ajiya, amplifier mai ƙarfi (zai iya aiki a layi daya tare da tantanin mai), amma kuma fiye da duka, yana taimakawa wajen dawo da makamashin motsi yayin raguwa da birki.
Wutar lantarki
Ba a jera a saman zane na ba, ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki, yana katsewa kuma yana gyarawa (canzawa tsakanin igiyoyin AC da DC) nau'ikan igiyoyin ruwa da ke gudana ta sassa daban-daban na motar.
Maimaitawa
Fuel cell aiki: catalysis
Manufar ita ce a cire electrons (lantarki) daga hydrogen don aika su zuwa injin lantarki. Ana yin wannan duk ta hanyar sarrafa sinadaran lantarki wanda ke raba electrons a gefe guda (zuwa injin) da kuma protons a daya (a cikin kwayar mai). Duk taron ya ƙare a cathode, inda amsawar ta ƙare: "cakuda" na ƙarshe yana ba da ruwa, wanda aka fitar da shi daga tsarin (share).
Anan akwai zane na catalysis, wanda shine hakar wutar lantarki daga hydrogen (reverse electrolysis).
Anan muna ganin aikin kwayar mai, wato abin mamaki na catalysis.
Hydrogen H2 (watau atom ɗin hydrogen H guda biyu manne tare: dihydrogen) yana tafiya daga hagu zuwa dama. Yayin da ya matso kusa da anode, ya rasa tsakiya (proton), wanda za a tsotse ƙasa (saboda yanayin oxidation). Sa'an nan kuma electrons za su ci gaba da tafiya zuwa dama don amfani da motar lantarki daga baya.
Bi da bi, muna sake haɗa komai ta hanyar allurar O2 (oxygen daga iska godiya ga compressor) a gefen cathode, wanda a zahiri zai ba da izinin samuwar kwayar ruwa (wanda zai haifar da dukkan abubuwa zuwa gaba ɗaya). kwayoyin halitta wanda tarin Hs da Os ne).
Takaitacciyar halayen sinadaran / jiki
ANOD : a anode, hydrogen zarra an "yanke" a cikin rabin (H2 = 2e- + 2H+). Nucleus (H + ion) yana gangarowa zuwa ga cathode, yayin da electrons (e-) ke ci gaba da tafiya saboda rashin iyawa ta hanyar electrolyte (sararin da ke tsakanin anode da cathode).
CATHODE: A cathode, muna ganin baya (a hanyoyi daban-daban) ions H + da e-electrons. Sa'an nan ya isa a gabatar da atom na oxygen ta yadda duk waɗannan abubuwan suna son tattarawa, wanda zai haifar da samar da kwayoyin ruwa, wanda ya ƙunshi nau'in hydrogen guda biyu da oxygen atom daya. Ko dabara: 2e- + 2H+ + O2 = H2O
Girbi ?
Idan muka yi la'akari kawai da mota kanta, wato yadda ya dace da tanki zuwa karshen ƙafafun (material canji / inji ƙarfafa), mu ne a nan kadan a kasa 50%. Lalle ne, baturi yana da inganci na kusan 50%, da kuma motar lantarki - game da 90%. Saboda haka, da farko muna da 50% tacewa, sannan 10%.
Idan muka yi la'akari da ingancin wutar lantarki da ke samar da makamashi, to kafin samar da hydrogen ko ma rarraba wutar lantarki (a cikin yanayin lithium) muna da kashi 25% na hydrogen da 70% na wutar lantarki (kimanin matsakaici, a fili). ).
Kara karantawa game da riba anan.
Bambanci tsakanin motar hydrogen da batirin lithium motar lantarki?
Motocin dai dai daya ne, sai dai “tankar makamashin su”. Saboda haka, waɗannan motocin lantarki ne waɗanda ke amfani da injin rotor-stator (induction, magneto na dindindin, ko ma masu amsawa).
Idan batirin lithium shima yana aiki saboda wani sinadaran da ke cikinsa (wani yanayin da ke samar da wutar lantarki a zahiri: mafi daidai, electrons), babu abin da ke fitowa daga cikinsa, akwai canji na ciki kawai. Don komawa zuwa matsayinsa na asali (sake caji), ya isa ya wuce halin yanzu (haɗa zuwa sashin) kuma maganin sinadaran zai sake farawa a cikin kishiyar hanya. Matsalar ita ce yana ɗaukar lokaci, har ma da manyan caja.
Ga injin hydrogen, wanda shine na'urar lantarki na yau da kullun wanda ke aiki da tantanin mai (watau hydrogen), baturin yana cinye hydrogen yayin da ake yin sinadarai. Ana zubar da shi ta hanyar shaye-shaye wanda ke kawar da tururin ruwa (sakamakon amsawar sinadarai).
Sabili da haka, daga ma'anar ma'ana, zamu iya daidaita kowane motar lantarki zuwa motar hydrogen, ya isa ya maye gurbin baturin lithium tare da man fetur. Don haka, a fahimtar ku, "injin hydrogen" yakamata a yi la'akari da farko azaman injin lantarki (duba yadda yake aiki anan). Lallai yana kusantarsa ne, ba wai don an shayar da shi a matsayin wani abu ba.
Sakamakon sinadaran a gindin wannan kwamfutar hannu yana samarwa zafidaga wutar lantarki (abin da muke buƙata don motar lantarki) da ruwa.
Me yasa ba a ko'ina ba?
Babban matsalar fasaha tare da hydrogen yana da alaƙa da amincin ajiya. A gaskiya ma, kamar LPG, wannan man yana da haɗari saboda ya zama mai ƙonewa yayin haɗuwa da iska (kuma wannan ba duka ba ne). Don haka matsalar ba wai kawai cika motar da man fetur ba ne, har da samun tanki mai karfin da zai iya jure duk wani hadari. Tabbas, karin kudin ma babban ja ne, kuma da alama ba shi da amfani fiye da batirin lithium-ion, wanda farashinsa ke raguwa sosai.
A ƙarshe, samar da hanyar sadarwa da rarrabawa a cikin duniya ba shi da haɓaka sosai, kuma gwamnatoci suna so su samar da hydrogen ta hanyar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da makamashi mai sabuntawa (masana da yawa suna magana game da makircin utopian wanda ba za a iya gane shi a cikin gaskiyar mu "kwatsam").
A ƙarshe, akwai mafi kyawun damar cewa wutar lantarki ta al'ada za ta zama mafita na zaɓi na gaba, maimakon hydrogen, wanda za a yi amfani da shi don aikace-aikace da yawa fiye da motsi na mutum.
Duk tsokaci da martani
karshe sharhin da aka buga:
Bernard (Kwanan wata: 2021 09:23:14)
Barka dai
Na gode da waɗannan ra'ayoyi masu ƙarfi da ban sha'awa. Zan bar wurin tare da sabuwar gobara a tsohuwar kwakwalwata.
Da kaina, na yi mamakin cewa, ban da abin da na sani game da jiragen ruwa na nukiliya, babu wanda ya samar da injuna mai kyau ga hanya. Lallai shine wanda Philips ya bayyana a Nunin Mota na Brussels na 1971, tare da 200 hp. a kan pistons guda biyu.
Philips ya fara aiki a 1937-1938 kuma ya ci gaba a cikin 1948.
A cikin 1971, sun yi iƙirarin ƙarfin dawakai ɗari da yawa a kowane piston. Tun daga nan ba zan iya samun komai ba ... Tabbas, Tsaron Sirri.
Me game da injin turbin gas?
Fitilar ku na iya ƙara ruwa zuwa injin niƙa na tunani.
Godiya da ilimin ku da yaɗawar ku.
Ina I. 1 amsa (s) ga wannan sharhin:
- Admin ADAMIN JAHAR (2021-09-27 11:40:25): Yana da daɗi don karantawa, godiya.
Ban sani ba game da irin wannan injin don yin hukunci, mai yiwuwa saboda farashi, girman, kulawa mai wahala, matsakaicin inganci?
Da yake la'akari da cewa yana da mahimmanci don samun maganin da zai ba da damar iskar gas don zafi, sabili da haka aikace-aikacen sa akan motar jama'a na yau da kullum yana da haɗari (kuma zai kasance akai-akai akan lokaci).
A takaice, ina zargin cewa kuna fatan samun cikakkiyar amsa mai kwarin gwiwa ... Yi haƙuri.
(Za a iya ganin post ɗinku a ƙarƙashin sharhin bayan tabbaci)
Rubuta sharhi
Yin amfani da dabarar lantarki E, zaku sami cewa:
