Audi Injin Gwajin Gwajin - Kashi na 2: 4.0 TFSI
Cigaba da jerin don rukunin motar alama
Audi da Bentley's takwas Silinder 4.0 TFSI shine alamar raguwa a cikin manyan azuzuwan. Ya maye gurbin injin mai lita 4,2 da na'urar V5,2 mai nauyin 10-lita na S6, S7 da S8 kuma yana samuwa a cikin matakan wutar lantarki daga 420 zuwa 520bhp. har zuwa 605 hp dangane da samfurin. A wadannan alkaluma, da Audi engine ne kai tsaye gasa ga BMW ta 4,4 lita N63 biturbo engine da S63 version na M-model. Kamar yadda yake tare da BMW, ana sanya turbochargers guda biyu a ciki na bankunan Silinda, waɗanda ke cikin digiri 90 kamar na naúrar lita 4,2 na baya. Tare da wannan tsari, ana samun ƙarin ƙarfi kuma an taƙaita hanyar iskar iskar gas. Tsarin tagwayen gungurawa (a BMW ana amfani dashi kawai a cikin sigar S) yana ba da damar rage tasirin mummunan tasiri na pulsations daga nau'ikan silinda daban-daban da kuma fitar da babban ɓangaren kuzarin motsin su, kuma ana aiwatar da shi ta hanyar hadaddun haɗin gwiwa. tashoshi daga cylinders na layuka daban-daban. Wannan ƙa'idar aiki tana ba da ƙaƙƙarfan tanadin juzu'i yayin haɓaka ko da a cikin yanayi kaɗan sama da saurin aiki. Ko da a 1000 rpm, 4.0 TFSI ya riga ya sami 400 Nm. Mafi girman juzu'in yana shirye don isar da iyakar ƙarfinsa na 650 Nm (700 akan nau'ikan 560 da 605 hp) a cikin kewayon daga 1750 zuwa 5000 rpm, yayin da ma'aunin 550 Nm yana samuwa ko da a baya - daga 1400 zuwa 5250 rpm. An yi toshe injin ɗin da alluran aluminium tare da simintin simintin gyare-gyare na aluminum a ƙananan matsi, kuma a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke da ƙarfi kuma ana kula da shi zafi. Don ƙarfafa toshe, an haɗa nau'ikan ƙarfe guda biyar na ductile a cikin ƙananan sashinsa. Kamar yadda yake tare da ƙaramin rukunin EA888, fam ɗin mai yana da ƙarfin canzawa, kuma a ƙaramin rpm da kaya, ana kashe nozzles na ƙasan piston. Ma'anar sanyaya injin yana kama da haka, inda tsarin sarrafawa ke daidaita yanayin zafi a ainihin lokacin, kuma ana gudanar da zagayawa har sai an kai ga zafin aiki. Lokacin da ya kasance, ruwan yana fara motsawa daga cikin silinda zuwa cikin silinda, kuma idan ana buƙatar dumama, famfo na lantarki yana jagorantar ruwa daga kai zuwa ɗakin. Anan kuma, don kusan kawar da ambaliya ta piston, ana yin allurar mai da yawa a kowane zagaye lokacin da injin yayi sanyi.
Kashe ɓangaren silinda
Tsarin kashe silinda wanda yake wani bangare ba sabuwar hanya bace don rage yawan amfani da mai, amma tare da injin kara karfin Audi, wannan maganin ya kammala. Tunanin irin waɗannan fasaha shine haɓaka abin da ake kira. wurin aiki - lokacin da injin ke buƙatar matakin ƙarfin da zai iya ɗaukar huɗu daga cikin silinda takwas, na biyun suna aiki a cikin yanayi mafi inganci tare da maƙura mai fadi. Iyakar sama na aikin kashe Silinda yana tsakanin kashi 25 zuwa 40 na matsakaicin karfin juzu'i (tsakanin 120 da 250 Nm), kuma a cikin wannan yanayin matsin lamba mai tasiri a cikin silindawan yana ƙaruwa sosai. Dole ne zafin jiki mai sanyaya ya kai aƙalla digiri 30, watsawar dole ne ya zama na uku ko sama da haka, kuma dole ne injin ɗin ya fara aiki tsakanin 960 da 3500 rpm. Idan an cika waɗannan sharuɗɗan, tsarin zai rufe shaye shaye da shaye-shaye na silinda biyu na kowane layin silinda, inda rukunin V8 ke ci gaba da aiki azaman V4.
Ana rufe rufe bawul din da ake bukata akan kwambon kwando guda hudu tare da taimakon wani sabon fasali don kula da matakai da bugun akwatinan Audi valvelift system. Ana motsa bishiyoyi tare da cam a kansu don buɗe bawul biyu da tashoshi ana matsar da su gefe tare da taimakon na'urorin electromagnetic tare da fil, kuma a cikin sabon sigar suma suna da cam don "zero stroke". Latterarshen baya shafar masu ɗaukar bawul ɗin kuma maɓuɓɓugan suna rufe su. A lokaci guda, injin sarrafa injin yana dakatar da allurar mai da ƙonewa. Koyaya, kafin bawul ɗin su rufe, ɗakunan konewa suna cike da iska mai sauƙi - maye gurbin iskar gas mai ƙarewa da iska yana rage matsa lamba a cikin silinda da kuma kuzarin da ake buƙata don fitar da piston.
A lokacin da direba ya matsa matsera mai sauri, daskararren silinda ya fara aiki. Komawa zuwa yanayin silinda takwas, da kuma tsarin juyawa, yana da madaidaici da sauri, kuma kusan ba a iya fahimtarsa. Dukkanin canjin yana faruwa ne kawai a cikin milliseconds 300 kawai, kuma canjin yanayin yana haifar da raguwa na gajeren lokaci cikin inganci, don haka ainihin ragin amfani da mai ya fara ne kimanin daƙiƙa uku bayan dakatar da abubuwan silinda.
A cewar Audi, mutane daga Bentley, wadanda ke amfani da 4.0 TFSI na zamani don sabon Continental GT (2012 halarta), suma sun shiga cikin tsarin cigaban wannan fasahar. Irin wannan tsarin ba sabon abu bane ga kamfanin kuma yana aiki a cikin lita 6,75 lita V8.
Ana san injunan V8 ba kawai don rarrabe su da amsar jituwa ba, har ma don aikinsu mai sauƙi - kuma wannan ya shafi cikakken ƙarfi zuwa 4.0 TFSI. Koyaya, lokacin da injin V8 ke aiki azaman V4, ya danganta da kaya da kuma saurin su, ƙafafuwan sa da kuma abubuwanda suke juyawa zasu fara samarda manyan matakai na rawar jijiyoyin jiki. Wannan kuma yana haifar da bayyanar takamaiman sautukan da suka ratsa cikin motar. Tare da girmansa, tsarin shaye shaye yana haifar da takamaiman sautunan bass waɗanda ke da wuyar shawowa, duk da tsarin sarrafa iskar gas mai fasaha tare da bawul. Don neman hanyoyi don rage jijjiga da amo, masu zanen Audi sun yi amfani da wata fasahar fasaha wacce ba a saba da ita ba, suna ƙirƙirar tsarurruka biyu na musamman - tsararraki masu amfani da sauti da rawar jijiyoyi.
Godiya ga aiki mai saurin juyawa yayin cikawa da karuwar yawan konewa, za a iya kara karfin matsewa ba tare da kasancewar turbocharging ba tare da hadarin haifar da fashewa a cikin aikin konewa ba. Akwai wasu bambance-bambance na fasaha tsakanin nau'ikan nau'ikan iko daban-daban na 4.0 TFSI, kamar amfani da tsarin cin abinci guda-ko-zagaye biyu, saitunan aiki daban-daban na turbochargers da kasancewar ƙarin mai sanyaya mai a cikin sassan da ke da ƙarfi. Hakanan akwai bambance-bambance daban-daban a cikin crankshafts da babban jigonsu, matakin matsewa, fasalin rarraba gas da injectors sun bambanta.
Gudanar da amo mai gudana da damping
Active Surise Control (ANC) yana magance amo mara kyau ta hanyar samar da "anti-sauti". Wannan ka'ida an san ta da tsangwama mai halakarwa: idan raƙuman sauti biyu masu maimaita magana iri ɗaya suka zo ɗaya, za a iya 'daidaita su' yadda za a daidaita su. Don wannan dalili, yalwar girmansu dole ne su kasance iri ɗaya, amma dole ne su kasance basa aiki tare da juna, watau a cikin maganin tsufa. Masana kuma suna kiran wannan tsari "kawar da amo". Samfurori na Audi, waɗanda zasu ba da sabon sashi na 180 TFSI, an sanye su da ƙananan makirufo guda huɗu waɗanda aka haɗa a cikin rufin rufin. Kowannensu yayi rajistar cikakken zangon hayaniya a yankin da ke kusa. Dangane da waɗannan siginonin, rukunin sarrafawa na ANC yana ƙirƙirar hoton amo na sararin samaniya, yayin kuma a lokaci guda mai saurin crankshaft yana ba da bayani game da wannan siga. A duk wuraren da aka ƙayyade inda tsarin ke gano amo, yana haifar da ingantaccen sauti na kawar da hankali. Amfani da amo mai aiki a shirye yake don aiki a kowane lokaci - shin ana kunna ko a kashe tsarin sauti kuma ko an ƙara sautin, an rage shi, da dai sauransu. Hakanan tsarin yana aiki ba tare da la'akari da tsarin da motar ke dauke dashi ba.
Hanyar dushe jijjiga tayi kamanceceniya da ra'ayi. A ka'ida, Audi yana amfani da tsayayye, saitunan wasanni don hawa injin. Don 4.0 TFSI, injiniyoyi sun haɓaka madogara masu ɗorawa ko kushinwa waɗanda ke da niyyar kawar da jijiyar motsi ta motsa jiki tare da jujjuyawar lokaci tare da ƙarfin juyawa. Babban mahimmin abu a cikin tsarin na'urar electromagnetic ce wacce ke haifar da girgiza. Yana da maganadisu na dindindin da murfin mai saurin gudu, wanda aka yada motsin sa ta hanyar membrane mai sassauci zuwa cikin ɗaki mai ruwa. Wannan ruwan yana shanye girgizar da motar ta haifar da waɗanda ke hana su. A lokaci guda, waɗannan abubuwan suna iyakance girgizar ba kawai a yanayin yanayin aiki kamar V4 ba, har ma a cikin yanayin V8 na yau da kullun, tare da kulawa ta musamman don ba da aiki.
(a bi)
Rubutu: Georgy Kolev
2020-08-30
