Toyota Land Cruiser Prado Engines
Abubuwa
A shekarar 1987, Toyota zane tawagar fara haifar da wani m version na Land Cruiser nauyi SUV - 70 model. Sigar jikin motar mai kofa uku ta kasance babbar nasara a duniya. Ci gaba da nasara ita ce mota mara nauyi, mai dadi mai kofofi biyar, wacce aka fara kera ta da yawa a cikin 1990. Sabuwar abin hawa kashe-kashe abin hawa na ƙirar firam, tare da rage kayan aiki, na baya da na gaba da ƙarfi, sun sami jerin sunayen Prado.
Tarihin halitta da samarwa
Siffar ta farko, mai ɗan kwana kaɗan, mai manyan tagogi masu girman rectangular, da ƙaramin ɗakin injin squat, motar ta yi kama da ba a saba gani ba daga tsayin shekarun da suka gabata. Asirin yana da sauƙi: masu zanen kaya sun tsara shi ba kamar SUV ba. Ya shiga kasuwannin duniya a cikin nau'i na motar iyali na yanayi - abin hawa a kan ƙafafun. Wurin taron na Prado SUVs shine Toyota injiniya mecca, layin taro a Tahara Plant a Aichi Prefecture.
- Zamanin farko (1990-1996).
A cikin motar, a kan kujeru guda uku, ban da direban, ƙarin fasinjoji bakwai na iya yin masauki cikin kwanciyar hankali. Matsayin kwanciyar hankali ya kasance wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba ga motoci na waɗannan shekarun. Bugu da ƙari, injiniyoyin sun ba da Prado tare da kyakkyawar iyawa ta ƙetare. Yana da matukar ma'ana cewa duka injunan fetur da dizal ya kamata a sanya su a kan irin wannan babbar mota. Zane ya zama mai nasara wanda har tsawon shekaru biyar ana siyar da SUV a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya ba tare da canjin tsarin ba.
- Zamani na biyu (1996-2002).
Kamar yadda a cikin jerin farko, motoci masu kofa uku da biyar sun birkice daga layin taron. Amma zanen su na Prado 90 bai ma yi kama da kwatancen wanda ya kafa samfurin ba. Tallace-tallacen ta'addanci na Mitsubishi Pajero ya tilasta masu zanen Toyota suyi aiki mai amfani. Siffar firam ɗin bisa dandamali na 4Runner ya sami manyan canje-canje. Maimakon axle mai ci gaba, an shigar da dakatarwa mai zaman kanta a gaba. An ƙara raka'a masu toshewa don bambance-bambancen guda biyu zuwa injin tuƙi mai ƙafafu tare da rage kayan aiki - tsakiya da axle na baya. An cika kewayon injuna da na'urar dizal turbocharged mai nauyin 140 hp.
- Zamani na uku (2002-2009).
Tsarin jikin na ƙarni na uku Prado 120 ƙwararrun Faransa ne daga ɗakin studio na ED2 ne suka yi. gyare-gyaren kofa biyar sun isa kasuwar Rasha a farkon sabon karni. Amma masu saye a wasu ƙasashe, kamar da, an kuma ba su nau'in kofa uku. Babban abubuwan da aka gyara na motar sun sami gyare-gyaren tsarin:
- firam
- dakatarwar gaba;
- jiki.
Daga cikin sabbin samfuran, mutum zai iya lura da bayyanar dakatarwar mai huhu ta baya, masu ɗaukar girgiza mai daidaitawa, tsarin taimako sama da ƙasa, tuƙi mai ƙarfi, ABS, da madubin duba baya na lantarki. Tunanin tuƙi da watsa motar ba su canza ba. An ba masu amfani zaɓi na watsawa ta atomatik (4x) da na inji (5x).
- Karni na hudu (2009 - 2018).
Sabuwar dandali ya kasance yana birgima daga layin Tahara Plant tsawon shekaru goma. Kuma lokaci ya yi da za a yi magana game da dakatar da samar da SUV, wanda a kowace shekara yana karuwa. Sabuwar motar tana da ƙira fiye da sabbin injiniyoyi. Idan bayyanar a hankali yana kawar da sauye-sauye masu kaifi na angular a cikin ni'imar siffofi masu laushi masu laushi, to, ƙirar ciki, akasin haka, an bambanta ta hanyar daidaitattun lissafi.
Sake salo a cikin 2013 ya ƙara ɗimbin ƙididdiga na fasaha zuwa fakitin mota:
- 4,2-inch LCD saka idanu akan dashboard;
- sarrafa fitilun mota daban;
- dakatar da daidaitawa (don manyan nau'ikan);
- kyamarar kallon baya;
- tsarin fara injin ba tare da maɓallin kunnawa ba;
- dakatar da tsarin daidaita motsin motsi;
- shirin sarrafa tirela.
Ana iya ci gaba da wannan jeri har abada. Ga nau'ikan masu siye daban-daban, masu ƙirƙirar Prado sun shirya nau'ikan asali guda huɗu na matakan datsa - Shigarwa, Labari, Daraja da Gudanarwa.
Dangane da wane irin dakatarwa ne a kan motar, direban na zamani Prado SUV yana da babban zaɓi na hanyoyin tuki a cikin arsenal:
- uku misali - ECO, AL'ADA, SPORT;
- biyu daidaitawa - SPORT S da SPORT S +.
Kowane yanayi yana da saitin saitin ɗaiɗaikun don aikin tuƙi, akwatin gear da masu ɗaukar girgiza. Masu yin motar sun kusa cimma burinsu.
Masu kirkiro na Prado sun cimma burin su: sabon SUV yana kusa da yiwuwar yiwuwar halayensa zuwa flagship Land Cruiser 200.
Injin Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
Giant ɗin da ke tuka keke na iya yin gasa sosai dangane da lokacin samarwa tare da masu dogon hanta na kasuwar mota, waɗanda ƙungiyar motar Toyota ta haɓaka - Corolla, Chaser, Celica, Camry, RAV4. Haka kuma, kawai biyu raka'a aka shigar a kan na farko ƙarni biyu na Prado - 1KZ-TE da 5VZ-FE. Sai kawai a cikin sabon karni an sake sabunta layin motocin. Irin waɗannan hanyoyi masu rikitarwa da nauyi suna buƙatar tsarin ƙira mai mahimmanci, kuma an samar da su na dogon lokaci. Tsawon shekaru 28, injunan Toyota guda shida kacal da ke da manyan injuna suka zama wani ɓangare na tashar wutar lantarki ta Prado.
| Alama | Rubuta | girma, cm 3 | Matsakaicin iko, kW / hp | Tsarin wutar lantarki |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1KZ-TE | dizal turbocharged | 2982 | 92/125 | Multipoint allura, OHC |
| 5VZ-FE | fetur | 3378 | 129/175 | allura rarraba |
| 1GR-FE | -: - | 3956 | 183/249 | -: - |
| 2TR-FE | -: - | 2693 | 120/163 | -: - |
| 1KD-FTV | dizal turbocharged | 2982 | 127/173 | DOHC, Common Rail+ intercooler |
| Bayani na 1GD-FTV | -: - | 2754 | 130/177 | Jirgin Ruwa |
Duk da takamaiman halaye na fasaha, Prado Motors sun kasance cikakke don shigarwa akan wasu manyan nau'ikan motocin Toyota (16 a duka):
| Samfurin | 1KZ-TE | 5VZ-FE | 1GR-FE | 2TR-FE | 1KD-FTV | Bayani na 1GD-FTV |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mota | ||||||
| toyota | ||||||
| 4Mai gudu | * | * | ||||
| Grand Hiace | * | * | ||||
| Granviva | * | * | ||||
| Farashin FJ | * | |||||
| Fortuner | * | * | * | |||
| Hiace | * | * | * | * | ||
| Farashin Hilux | * | * | * | |||
| Ga Sarki ya zo | * | |||||
| Hilux Surf | * | * | * | * | * | |
| Land cruiser | * | |||||
| Land cruiser prado | * | * | * | * | * | * |
| Sarauta | * | |||||
| Royal Ace | * | * | * | |||
| Tacoma | * | * | ||||
| Yawon shakatawa Hiace | * | |||||
| tundra | * | * | ||||
| Jimla: | 8 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
Kamar ko da yaushe, daidaiton Jafananci da ƙirƙira don ƙididdige fa'idodin tattalin arziƙi na dogon lokaci sun taka rawa. Lokacin amfani da ƙa'idar haɗin kai na nodal, manajoji da masu zanen kaya kawai ba sa buƙatar kashe lokaci da kuɗi akan zayyana sabbin raka'a idan suna da shirye-shiryen kwafin inganci.
Shahararriyar injin motocin Land Cruiser Prado
Tun da babu da yawa model a kan abin da wannan injuna aka shigar kamar yadda a kan "Prado SUV", yana da ma'ana a yi la'akari da mafi mashahuri naúrar daga duk model. Ba tare da shakka ba, naúrar da ta fi ƙarfin, man fetur mai lita huɗu 1GR-FE, ta zama zakara a cikin shekaru goma na farko na karni na 5 dangane da yawan amfani. Farkon sa a ƙarƙashin kaho na Prado maimakon 2002VZ-FE wanda ya ƙare a wancan lokacin yana kwanan wata XNUMX.
Saboda shaharar da ake samu na SUVs da ƙwanƙwasa motar baya a ɓangarorin Tekun Pasifik, ban da Japan, an kafa samar da ita a ƙasar Amurka.
Ana samar da motar a cikin nau'i biyu:
- tare da mai sarrafa lokaci na VVTi;
- Dual-VVTi.
girma - 3956 cm³. Ya bambanta da sauran raka'a da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Prado ta hanyar tsari na V-dimbin yawa na cylinders (kusurwar camber 60 °). Matsakaicin karfin juyi na 3200 rpm - 377 N*m. Abubuwan da ba su da kyau na halayen fasaha sun haɗa da adadi mai yawa na watsi da cutarwa (har zuwa 352 g / km) da kuma ƙararrawa. Ana jin aikin nozzles kamar tattausan kukan doki.
Tushen silinda na aluminium, halayen layin injin Toyota na sabon ƙarni, an cika shi da simintin ƙarfe. Bayan maye gurbin a cikin 2009 abubuwa masu nauyi na rukunin piston da crankshaft tare da samfurori masu sauƙi, tare da mai sarrafa lokaci na Dual-VVTi, motar ta sami damar haɓaka 285 hp.
Bugu da kari, a lokacin restyling, da ci yanayin da aka canza, saboda abin da matsawa rabo ya karu zuwa 10,4: 1.
A cikin masu ginin 1GR-FE, ban da pistons masu nauyi. An shigar da sabon ɗakin konewar squish. Amfanin wannan ilimin a bayyane yake. Bugu da ƙari, an riga an lura da karuwar wutar lantarki, ingantaccen amfani da man fetur ya karu (fasfo version - AI-92). An hana iskar gas saboda godiya ga amfani da sabon nau'i na tashar jiragen ruwa da aka rage kadan idan aka kwatanta da 5VZ-FE.
Kwafi na motar da aka riga aka yi masa salo ya kauce wa matsala mai yawa ta hanyar zubewar mai. Amma wani abin sha'awa yana jiran direbobi: ƙaramin zafi zai iya haifar da rushewar babban gas ɗin Silinda. Wannan ya buƙaci ƙarin hankali ga yanayin aiki na tsarin samar da wutar lantarki. Saboda rashin na'urorin hawan ruwa. Kowane mil dubu dari. Mileage da ake buƙatar daidaita bawul ɗin bawul ta amfani da wanki na musamman. Tare da kulawa mai kyau da kuma rigakafin ƙananan lahani (sau uku, fashewar haɗin gwiwa, "wanka" a rago, da dai sauransu), ma'auni na injin ya kasance kilomita 300.
Zaɓin ingin da ya dace don Prado
Injin Toyota Land Cruiser Prado SUVs na musamman. A mafi yawancin lokuta, waɗannan su ne mafi sarƙaƙƙiyar raka'o'in fasaha waɗanda masu zanen kaya suka yi nasarar haɗa dumbin fasahohin zamani a fagen sinadarai, kanikanci, kinematics, na'urorin gani, na'urorin lantarki da fasaha na wucin gadi. Ɗaya daga cikin irin wannan misali shine injin dizal turbocharged 1KD-FTV. Wannan shi ne ɗan fari na sabon jerin motocin KD, wanda ya tashi daga layin taro a cikin 2000. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an sake inganta shi don rage asarar wutar lantarki da haɓaka aiki.
Gwaje-gwajen kwatankwacin da aka yi tsakanin wannan injin da magabacinsa, 1KZ-TE, ya nuna cewa sabon misali ya fi 17% ƙarfi. An cimma wannan sakamakon saboda haɗin tsarin samar da wutar lantarki da kuma kula da tsarin samar da cakuda man fetur. Motar ta zo kusa dangane da halayen wutar lantarki zuwa mafi kyawun misalan injunan mai. Kuma game da karfin juyi, gaba daya ya ja gaba.
Injiniyoyin sun sami nasarar cimma rabon matsawa na musamman na 17,9:1. Injin yana da kyau sosai, saboda ya yi buƙatu sosai kan ingancin man dizal da aka zuba a cikin tankuna. Idan akwai adadin sulfur da yawa a ciki, aiki mai ƙarfi ya lalata nozzles a cikin shekaru 5-7. Dole ne mu yi taka tsantsan da sabon tsarin mai. Tsarin baturin jirgin ƙasa gama gari da bawul ɗin EGR na buƙatar kulawa ta musamman.
Idan an zubar da mai mai ƙarancin inganci a cikin tanki, ragowar da ba a ƙone ba an adana su sosai a wurare daban-daban a cikin tsarin:
- A kan hade da yawa da kuma hana tsarin canza geometry;
- a kan bawul na EGR.
Launi na shaye-shaye nan take ya canza kuma matakin raguwa ya ragu. Hanyar "maganin" matsala shine tsaftacewa mai tsabta na abubuwa na tsarin man fetur da turbocharging kowane kilomita 50-70. gudu
Bugu da kari, tuki a kan hanyoyin da ba su da kyau yana haifar da girgiza. Duk waɗannan abubuwan sun rage rayuwar motar a kan hanyoyin Rasha zuwa kilomita dubu 100. Duk da haka, ana iya kauce wa matsalolin tare da taimakon rigakafi da hankali. Misali, kula da bawuloli na yau da kullun da daidaita ramukan thermal yana ƙaruwa sosai da nisan nisan tafiya kafin sake gyarawa.
Daga cikin sauran rashin amfani, za a iya lura da matsalar gama gari na duk na'urorin Toyota - yawan amfani da mai da coking.
Duk da fa'ida da dabara na tsarin kunnawa da kiyayewa, injin 1KD-FTV ya nuna mafi kyawun sa a ƙarƙashin hular Toyota Land Cruiser Prado. Tare da kulawar da ta dace, daidaitattun dabarun aiki da gwaje-gwaje na rigakafi na yau da kullun da gyare-gyare, motar ta "biya" masu SUVs tare da tsabar kudin - iko, gudu da aminci.
