Toyota B jerin injuna
Abubuwa
An kera injin dizal na Toyota B na farko a shekarar 1972. Naúrar ta juya ta zama mara fa'ida kuma mai ban mamaki cewa har yanzu ana samar da nau'in 15B-FTE kuma ana shigar da shi akan motocin Mega Cruiser, misalin Jafananci na Hummer na sojoji.
Diesel Toyota B
ICE na farko na jerin B shine injin silinda huɗu tare da ƙaramin camshaft, ƙaura na 2977 cm3. Tushen Silinda da kai an yi su ne da baƙin ƙarfe. Allura kai tsaye, babu turbocharging. Kemashin ɗin yana tuƙi da keken kaya.
Ta hanyar ma'auni na zamani, wannan injin mai ƙarancin sauri ne, ƙarfin ƙarfin ƙarfinsa ya faɗi a 2200 rpm. Motoci masu irin waɗannan halayen sun dace don shawo kan hanya da jigilar kayayyaki. Haɗawar haɓakawa da babban gudun yana barin abin da ake so. Land Cruiser mai irin wannan injin zai iya tafiya tare da na gargajiya na Zhiguli har zuwa gudun kilomita 60 kawai a cikin sa'a, yayin da yake tashi kamar tarakta.
Za a iya ɗaukar tsira da ba a iya ƙerawa a matsayin fa'idar da ba za ta iya fin wannan motar ba. Yana aiki akan kowane mai, yana narkewa kusan duk wani ruwa mai ƙamshin man dizal. Injin ba shi da saurin zafi: an kwatanta yanayin lokacin da Land Cruiser tare da irin wannan injin yayi aiki ba tare da wata matsala ba har tsawon watanni da ƙarancin 5 lita na sanyaya.
Famfutar man fetur mai ƙarfi a cikin layi yana da aminci kamar injin gaba ɗaya. Ma'aikatan sabis na mota da wuya su gano wannan kumburin, sun yi imanin cewa babu wani abin da zai karye a wurin. Matsala ɗaya da ke faruwa a kan lokaci ita ce ƙaurawar kusurwar allurar mai zuwa wani gefe na gaba saboda lalacewa a kan kayan aiki na lokaci da camshaft mai ɗaukar nauyi mai ƙarfi. Daidaita kusurwa ba shi da wahala musamman.
Mafi raunin abubuwan da ke cikin motar sune bututun fesa. Sun daina fesa mai a kullum bayan kimanin kilomita dubu 100. Amma ko da irin waɗannan alluran, motar ta ci gaba da farawa da tuƙi cikin aminci. A wannan yanayin, ikon ya ɓace, kuma hayaki yana ƙaruwa.
Amma bai kamata ku yi wannan ba. Akwai ra'ayi cewa kuskuren injectors suna haifar da coking na zoben piston, wanda zai buƙaci sake gyara injin. Cikakken gyaran motar, la'akari da farashin kayan kayan aiki, zai haifar da adadin 1500 USD. Mafi sauƙi don tsaftace masu allura.
An sanya motar a kan motoci masu zuwa:
- Land Cruiser 40;
- Toyota Dyna 3,4,5 tsara;
- Daihatsu Delta V9 / V12 jerin;
- Anthem Ranger 2 (V10).
Shekaru 3 bayan fara samarwa, motar B ta kasance ta zamani. Shafin 11 B ya bayyana, wanda aka yi amfani da allurar mai kai tsaye a cikin ɗakin konewa. Wannan shawarar ta ƙara ƙarfin injin da ƙarfin doki 10, ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya karu da 15 Nm.
Diesel Toyota 2B
A 1979, da na gaba inganci da aka za'ayi, da 2B engine ya bayyana. An ƙãra ƙaurawar injin zuwa 3168 cm3, wanda ya ba da ƙarfin wutar lantarki ta hanyar 3 dawakai, karfin juyi ya karu da 10%.
A tsari, injin ya kasance iri ɗaya. An jefa kan da tubalin silinda daga baƙin ƙarfe. A camshaft is located a kasa, a cikin silinda block. Masu turawa ne ke jan bawul ɗin. Akwai bawuloli biyu a kowace silinda. Kayan camshaft ɗin yana tuƙi da kayan aiki. The man famfo, Vacuum famfo, allura famfo ana gudanar da wannan manufa.
Irin wannan makirci yana da matukar dogara, amma ya karu da rashin aiki saboda yawan haɗin kai. Bugu da ƙari, sassa da yawa suna haifar da amo mai mahimmanci. Don magance shi, motar 2B ta yi amfani da gears tare da haƙoran da ba a taɓa gani ba, waɗanda aka mai da su ta hanyar bututun ƙarfe na musamman. Tsarin lubrication nau'in gear ne, famfon na ruwa an kora shi da bel.
Injin 2B daidai ya ci gaba da al'adar magabata. An siffanta shi azaman ingantaccen abin dogaro, mai dorewa, rukunin mara fa'ida wanda ya dace da SUVs, bas masu haske da manyan motoci. An sanya motar a kan Toyota Land Cruiser (BJ41/44) da Toyota Coaster (BB10/11/15) don kasuwar cikin gida har zuwa 1984.
Injin 3B
A cikin 1982, an maye gurbin 2B da injin 3B. A tsarin, wannan shi ne guda hudu-Silinda ƙananan dizal engine da biyu bawuloli da Silinda, a cikin abin da aiki girma da aka ƙara zuwa 3431 cm3. Duk da ƙarar ƙarar da ƙara iyakar gudu, ƙarfin ya faɗi da 2 hp. Sa'an nan akwai mafi iko versions na engine - 13B, sanye take da man fetur allura da kuma 13B-T, wanda yana da wani turbocharger. A cikin nau'ikan da suka fi ƙarfi, an shigar da ingantaccen famfo mai ƙarancin girma da trochoid, maimakon kaya, famfo mai.
An sanya na'urar sanyaya mai tsakanin famfon mai da tacewa akan injunan 13B da 13B-T, wanda shine na'urar musayar zafi da aka sanyaya ta hanyar daskarewa. Canje-canjen ya haifar da haɓakar nisa tsakanin shan mai da famfo da kusan sau 2. Hakan ya ɗan ƙara ɗanɗano lokacin yunwar mai na injin bayan farawa, wanda ba shi da tasiri mai kyau akan karko.
An shigar da motocin 3B a kan motocin masu zuwa:
- Dyna (4th, 5th, 6th generation)
- Toyoace (ƙarni na 4, 5)
- Jirgin kasa 40/60/70
- Bas ɗin bakin teku (ƙarni na biyu, na uku)
Injin 13B da 13B-T an sanya su ne kawai akan Land Cruiser SUV.
4B inji
A shekarar 1988, da 4B jerin injuna aka haife. Girman aiki ya karu zuwa 3661 cm3. An samu karuwar ta hanyar maye gurbin crankshaft, wanda ya kara yawan bugun piston. Diamita na Silinda ya kasance iri ɗaya.
A tsari, injin konewa na ciki ya sake maimaita wanda ya gabace shi. Wannan injin bai karɓi rarrabawa ba; gyare-gyarensa 14B tare da allura kai tsaye da 14B-T tare da turbocharging galibi ana amfani dasu, waɗanda ke da ƙarfi da inganci. Injin 4B a cikin tsattsarkan sigar sa ya kasance ƙasa da ƙwararrun masu fafatawa a cikin waɗannan sigogi. An sanya 14B da 14B-T akan motocin Toyota Bandeirante, Daihatsu Delta (V11 series) da Toyota Dyna (Toyoace). An samar da motoci har zuwa 1991, a Brazil har zuwa 2001.
15B inji
Motocin 15B-F, 15B-FE, 15B-FTE, waɗanda aka ƙaddamar a cikin 1991, sun cika kewayon injunan B-jerin. 15B-FTE har yanzu yana kan samarwa kuma an shigar dashi akan Toyota Megacruiser.
A cikin wannan injin, masu zanen kaya sun watsar da ƙananan makirci kuma sun yi amfani da tsarin DOHC na gargajiya tare da ƙananan kyamarori. An samo camshaft a cikin kai sama da bawuloli. Irin wannan makirci, ta yin amfani da turbocharger da intercooler, ya sa ya yiwu a cimma halayen haɓaka mai karɓa. Ana samun madaidaicin iko da juzu'i a ƙananan rpm, wanda shine abin da ake buƙata don abin hawa na duk ƙasa.
Технические характеристики
Mai zuwa shine taƙaitaccen tebur na ƙayyadaddun fasaha na injunan B-jerin:
| Injin | Ƙarar aiki, cm3 | Ana samun allura kai tsaye | Kasancewar turbocharging | Kasancewar intercooler | Power, hp, da rpm | Torque, N.m, da rpm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 2977 | babu | babu | babu | 80 / 3600 | 191/2200 |
| 11B | 2977 | a | babu | babu | 90 / 3600 | 206/2200 |
| 2B | 3168 | babu | babu | babu | 93 / 3600 | 215/2200 |
| 3B | 3431 | babu | babu | babu | 90 / 3500 | 217/2000 |
| 13B | 3431 | a | babu | babu | 98 / 3500 | 235/2200 |
| 13 B-T | 3431 | a | a | babu | 120/3400 | 217/2200 |
| 4B | 3661 | babu | babu | babu | n / a | n / a |
| 14B | 3661 | a | babu | babu | 98/3400 | 240/1800 |
| 14 B-T | 3661 | a | a | babu | n / a | n / a |
| 15B-F | 4104 | a | babu | babu | 115/3200 | 290/2000 |
| 15B-FTE | 4104 | a | a | a | 153 / 3200 | 382/1800 |
Injin 1BZ-FPE
Na dabam, yana da daraja zama a kan wannan injin konewa na ciki. 1BZ-FPE injin silinda ne guda huɗu tare da ƙarar aiki na 4100 cm3 tare da shugaban bawul 16 da camshafts guda biyu waɗanda bel ke motsawa.
An daidaita injin konewa na ciki don yin aiki akan iskar gas - propane. Matsakaicin iko - 116 hp da 3600 rpm. karfin juyi shine 306 nm a 2000 rpm. A gaskiya ma, waɗannan halayen diesel ne, tare da haɓakawa a ƙananan gudu. Don haka, an yi amfani da motar a cikin motocin kasuwanci kamar Toyota Dyna da Toyoace. Tsarin wutar lantarki shine carburetor. Motoci akai-akai suna gudanar da ayyukansu, amma suna da ƙaramin wutar lantarki akan iskar gas.
Dogaro da karko na injinan jerin B
Rashin lalacewa na waɗannan injinan almara ne. Zane mai sauƙi mai sauƙi, babban gefen aminci, ikon gyarawa "a kan gwiwa" ya sa waɗannan raka'a ba su da makawa a cikin yanayin hanya.
Turbocharged injuna ba su bambanta a irin wannan amintacce. Fasahar injuna masu caji ba ta kai matakin kamala ba a wancan lokacin da take a yau. Gilashin goyan bayan turbine sau da yawa yana zafi sosai kuma ya kasa. Ana iya guje wa hakan idan aka bar injin ya yi aiki na mintuna da yawa kafin ya mutu, wanda ba koyaushe ake lura da shi ba kuma ba kowa bane.
Yiwuwar siyan injin kwangila
Babu karancin wadata, musamman a kasuwar Gabas mai Nisa. Motors 1B da 2B sun fi wuya a samu a cikin yanayi mai kyau, tun da ba a daɗe da samar da irin waɗannan motocin ba. Farashin su yana farawa daga 50 dubu rubles. Motors 13B, 14B 15B ana ba da su da yawa. Ana iya samun kwangilar 15B-FTE tare da babban sauran albarkatun da ba a yi amfani da su ba a cikin ƙasashen CIS a farashin 260 dubu rubles.
