Injin Mazda SkyActiv G - fetur da SkyActiv D - dizal

Masu kera motoci suna nufin rage hayakin CO₂ daban. Wani lokaci, alal misali, o Rarrabawa ke jujjuya farin cikin tuƙi zuwa gefe. Duk da haka, Mazda ta yanke shawarar tafiya ta wata hanya ta daban kuma ta yanke fitar da hayaki tare da sabon bayani na gaba ɗaya wanda ba ya kawar da jin daɗin tuki. Baya ga sabon ƙirar man fetur da injunan dizal, maganin ya kuma haɗa da sabon chassis, jiki da akwatin gear. Rage nauyin duk abin hawa yana tafiya tare da sababbin fasaha.

Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa injunan konewa na yau da kullun za su ci gaba da mamaye duniya na kera motoci har tsawon shekaru 15 masu zuwa, don haka yana da kyau a ci gaba da saka hannun jari mai yawa don bunkasa su. Kamar yadda kuka sani, yawancin makamashin sinadarai da ke cikin man ba ya juyar da su zuwa aikin injina yayin konewa, amma a zahiri suna ƙafewa a cikin nau'in zafi na sharar gida ta hanyar bututun shaye-shaye, radiator, da sauransu kuma suna bayyana hasarar da gogayya ta haifar. sassan injin injin. A cikin haɓaka sabon ƙarni na SkyActiv man fetur da injunan diesel, injiniyoyi daga Hiroshima, Japan, sun mai da hankali kan manyan abubuwa shida waɗanda ke shafar sakamakon amfani da hayaƙi:

• rabon matsawa,
• man fetur zuwa iska rabo,
• tsawon lokacin lokacin konewa na cakuda,
• lokacin lokacin konewa na cakuda,
• asarar hasara,
• juzu'i na sassan injina.

Dangane da injunan man fetur da dizal, rabon matsewa da raguwar asarar gogayya sun tabbatar da cewa sune muhimman abubuwan da ke rage fitar da hayaki da mai.

SkyActiv D

Injin 2191 cc sanye take da tsarin alluran layin dogo na matsa lamba tare da injectors piezoelectric. Yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙarancin matsawa na kawai 14,0: 1 don dizal. Ana ba da caji ta hanyar nau'i-nau'i na turbochargers na daban-daban masu girma dabam, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau akan rage jinkirin amsawar injin don danna madaidaicin feda. Jirgin bawul ya haɗa da tafiye-tafiyen bawul, wanda ke yin zafi da sauri lokacin da injin ya yi sanyi, yayin da wasu iskar gas ɗin da ke fitar da su ke komawa cikin silinda. Saboda abin dogara sanyi farawa da barga konewa a lokacin dumi-up lokaci, na al'ada dizal injuna bukatar wani babban matsawa rabo, wanda shi ne yawanci a cikin kewayon 16: 1 zuwa 18: 1. The low matsawa rabo na 14,0: 1 ga SkyActiv. -D injin yana ba da damar haɓaka lokacin aiwatar da konewa. Yayin da rabon matsawa ya ragu, zafin silinda da matsa lamba kuma suna raguwa a tsakiyar matattu. A wannan yanayin, cakuda yana ƙone tsawon lokaci ko da an allurar da man fetur a cikin silinda kafin a kai ga babban mataccen cibiyar. A sakamakon tsawaita konewa, ba a samar da wuraren da ke da ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin cakuda mai ƙonewa ba, kuma zafin jiki ya kasance iri ɗaya, don haka an cire samuwar NOx da soot sosai. Tare da allurar mai da konewa kusa da babban mataccen cibiyar, injin yana da inganci. Wannan yana nufin ingantaccen amfani da makamashin sinadari da ke cikin mai da kuma ƙarin aikin injina kowace naúrar mai fiye da na babban injin dizal ɗin matsawa. Sakamakon shine rage yawan amfani da dizal da iskar CO2 mai ma'ana da fiye da 20% idan aka kwatanta da injin 2,2 MZR-CD da ke aiki tare da 16: 1 matsawa rabo. . Don haka, ko da ba tare da ƙarin tsarin kawar da NOx ba, injin ɗin ya cika ka'idodin fitarwa na Yuro 6 saboda ya fara aiki a cikin 2015. Don haka, injin ba ya buƙatar rage yawan kuzari ko NOx mai kawar da mai kara kuzari.

Saboda ƙarancin matsawa, injin ɗin ba zai iya samar da isasshen zafin jiki don kunna cakuda a lokacin sanyi ba, wanda zai haifar da matsala mai yawa da farawa da injin aiki na tsaka-tsaki, musamman lokacin hunturu. Saboda wannan dalili, SkyActiv-D sanye take da yumbu mai walƙiya da madaidaicin bugu VVL shaye shaye. Wannan yana ba da damar sake zazzage iskar gas mai zafi a cikin ɗakin konewa. Ƙunshin farko yana taimakawa ta hanyar walƙiya mai haske, wanda ya isa ga iskar gas don isa zafin da ake bukata. Bayan fara injin ɗin, bawul ɗin shaye-shaye ba zai rufe kamar injin ci na yau da kullun ba. Madadin haka, ya kasance a kwance kuma iskar gas mai zafi ya koma ɗakin konewa. Wannan yana ɗaga yawan zafin jiki a cikinsa kuma don haka yana sauƙaƙe kunnawa na gaba na cakuda. Don haka, injin yana gudana cikin sauƙi kuma ba tare da katsewa ba daga farkon lokacin.

Idan aka kwatanta da injin dizal na 2,2 MZR-CD, an rage juzu'in ciki da kashi 25%. Wannan yana nunawa ba kawai a cikin ƙarin raguwa a cikin asarar gaba ɗaya ba, amma har ma a cikin sauri amsa da ingantaccen aiki. Wani fa'ida na ƙarancin matsawa shine ƙananan matsi na Silinda don haka ƙasa da damuwa akan abubuwan injin guda ɗaya. Saboda wannan dalili, babu buƙatar irin wannan ƙirar injin mai ƙarfi, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin tanadin nauyi. Kan silinda mai haɗe-haɗe da yawa yana da bangon sirara kuma yana da nauyin kilo uku ƙasa da baya. Tsarin silinda na aluminum yana da nauyi kilo 25. An rage nauyin pistons da crankshaft da wani kashi 25 cikin ɗari. Sakamakon haka, jimlar nauyin injin SkyActiv-D ya kai kashi 20% ƙasa da na injin 2,2 MZR-CD da aka yi amfani da shi zuwa yanzu.

Injin SkyActiv-D yana amfani da babban caji mai mataki biyu. Wannan yana nufin an sanye shi da babban turbocharger ƙarami da guda ɗaya, kowanne yana aiki a kewayon gudu daban-daban. Ana amfani da ƙarami a ƙananan ƙananan kuma matsakaici. Saboda ƙananan inertia na sassa masu jujjuya, yana inganta juzu'in juzu'i kuma yana kawar da abin da ake kira tasirin turbo, wato, jinkirin amsawar injin don tsalle-tsalle kwatsam a cikin ƙananan gudu lokacin da babu isasshen matsa lamba a cikin shaye. . bututun reshe don saurin juyawa na turbocharger turbine. Sabanin haka, mafi girma turbocharger yana da cikakken tsunduma a cikin tsakiyar-gudun kewayon. Tare, duka turbochargers suna ba da injin tare da madaidaicin juzu'i mai ƙarfi a ƙananan rpm da babban iko a babban rpm. Godiya ga isassun isar da iska daga turbochargers akan kewayon saurin gudu, NOx da ƙyalli masu ƙyalli ana kiyaye su zuwa ƙarami.

Ya zuwa yanzu, ana samar da nau'ikan injin 2,2 SkyActiv-D don Turai. Mafi ƙarfi yana da matsakaicin ƙarfin 129 kW a 4500 rpm kuma matsakaicin ƙarfin 420 Nm a 2000 rpm. Mai rauni yana da 110 kW a 4500 rpm da karfin juyi na 380 Nm a cikin kewayon 1800-2600 rpm, a max. Gudun duka injinan biyu shine 5200. A aikace, injin yana aiki sosai har zuwa 1300 rpm, daga wannan iyaka zai fara samun saurin gudu, yayin da tuƙi na yau da kullun ya isa ya kula da shi a kusan 1700 rpm ko fiye ma don buƙatun. na m hanzari.

Injin SkyActiv G

Injin mai na zahiri, Skyactiv-G wanda aka kera, yana da matsakaicin matsi mai girma na 14,0:1, a halin yanzu mafi girma a cikin motar fasinja da aka kera da yawa. Ƙara yawan matsawa yana ƙara haɓakar thermal na injin mai, wanda a ƙarshe yana nufin ƙananan ƙimar CO2 kuma don haka rage yawan man fetur. Hadarin da ke da alaƙa da babban matsi a cikin yanayin injunan mai shine abin da ake kira ƙwanƙwasa konewa - fashewa da sakamakon raguwar juzu'i da ƙarancin injin. Don hana ƙwanƙwasa konewar cakuduwar saboda girman matsi mai girma, injin Skyactiv-G yana amfani da raguwar adadin da kuma matsa lamba na ragowar iskar gas a cikin ɗakin konewa. Saboda haka, ana amfani da bututu mai shayewa a cikin tsarin 4-2-1. Don haka, bututun mai yana da ɗan tsayi kuma don haka yadda ya kamata ya hana iskar gas daga dawowa cikin ɗakin konewa nan da nan bayan an fitar da su daga ciki. Sakamakon raguwar zafin konewa da kyau yana hana faruwar fashewar konewa - fashewa. A matsayin wata hanyar hana fashewa, an rage lokacin ƙonewa na cakuda. Kona cakuda da sauri yana nufin ɗan gajeren lokaci lokacin da cakuda man fetur da iska ba tare da konewa ba yana fuskantar yanayin zafi, ta yadda fashewar ba ta da lokacin faruwa kwata-kwata. Hakanan an tanadar da ƙananan ɓangaren pistons da wuraren shakatawa na musamman ta yadda wutar garwarwar da ke tasowa a wurare da yawa za ta iya faɗaɗa ba tare da tsallaka juna ba, sannan kuma an samar da na'urar allurar da sabbin alluran ramuka masu yawa, waɗanda ke ba da damar man fetur da za a atomized.

Hakanan wajibi ne a rage abin da ake kira asarar famfo don haɓaka aikin injin. Wannan yana faruwa a ƙananan nauyin injin lokacin da piston ya zana iska yayin da yake motsawa yayin lokacin shan. Yawan iskar da ke shiga cikin silinda yawanci ana sarrafa shi ta hanyar bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa da ke cikin sashin sha. A nauyin injin haske, ƙananan iska kawai ake buƙata. An kusan rufe bawul ɗin maƙura, wanda ke haifar da gaskiyar cewa matsa lamba a cikin sashin sha da kuma cikin silinda yana ƙasa da yanayin yanayi. Sabili da haka, piston dole ne ya shawo kan matsa lamba mai mahimmanci - kusan vacuum, wanda ke da mummunar tasiri akan amfani da man fetur. Masu zanen Mazda sun yi amfani da abinci mara iyaka mara iyaka da lokacin shaye-shaye (S-VT) don rage asarar famfo. Wannan tsarin yana ba ku damar sarrafa adadin iska ta amfani da bawuloli maimakon magudanar ruwa. A ƙananan nauyin injin, ana buƙatar iska kaɗan. Don haka, tsarin lokaci mai canzawa yana kiyaye bawul ɗin buɗaɗɗen buɗewa a farkon lokacin matsawa (lokacin da piston ya tashi) kuma yana rufe su kawai lokacin da adadin iska da ake buƙata yana cikin silinda. Don haka, tsarin S-VT a ƙarshe yana rage asarar famfo da kashi 20% kuma yana inganta ingantaccen tsarin konewa. Irin wannan bayani ya daɗe da amfani da BMW, yana kiran wannan tsarin VANOS biyu.

Lokacin amfani da wannan tsarin kula da ƙarar iska, akwai haɗarin rashin isasshen konewa na cakuda saboda ƙananan matsa lamba, tunda bawul ɗin ci suna buɗewa a farkon lokacin matsawa. Dangane da wannan, injiniyoyin Mazda sunyi amfani da babban matsi na injin Skyactiv G na 14,0: 1, wanda ke nufin mafi girman zafin jiki da matsa lamba a cikin silinda, don haka tsarin konewa ya kasance barga kuma injin yana tafiyar da tattalin arziki.

Hakanan ana samun sauƙin ingancin injin ɗin ta hanyar ƙirarsa mara nauyi da ƙarancin juzu'in injin motsi. Idan aka kwatanta da injin mai na 2,0 MZR da aka shigar, injin Skyactiv G yana da fistan masu wuta 20%, sandunan haɗa wuta 15% da ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa manyan bearings, wanda ke haifar da raguwar nauyi gaba ɗaya na 10%. Ta hanyar raba juzu'in bawuloli da juzu'in zoben fistan da kusan kashi 40%, jimlar juriyar injin ɗin an rage da kashi 30%.

Duk gyare-gyaren da aka ambata sun haifar da ingantacciyar injin injin a ƙasa zuwa matsakaicin revs da raguwar 15% na yawan man fetur idan aka kwatanta da na 2,0 MZR na gargajiya. A yau, waɗannan mahimman abubuwan da ake fitarwa na CO2 sun yi ƙasa da injin diesel na MZR-CD 2,2 da ake amfani da su a yau. Fa'idar kuma ita ce amfani da man fetur na zamani BA 95.

Dukkanin injinan SkyActiv man fetur da dizal a Turai za su kasance da tsarin dakatarwa, watau tsarin dakatarwa don kashe injin ɗin kai tsaye idan ya tsaya. Sauran tsarin lantarki, birki mai sabuntawa, da sauransu za su biyo baya.