Ƙara motocin lantarki
Abubuwa
Motocin lantarki sun fi tsada fiye da motocin man fetur da dizal. Sai dai kuma, ga wadanda ke tafiyar kilomita masu zaman kansu a cikin motar kamfanin, akasin haka. Dalili: a hankali adadin kari. Yaya daidai wannan kari yake lissafin? Yaya abubuwa suke yanzu? Yaya nan gaba kadan ya yi kama? A cikin wannan labarin, za mu gaya muku duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da ƙarin abin hawa na lantarki.
Ta yaya ƙari yake aiki?
Na farko, ta yaya ƙari yake aiki a zahiri? Ƙarin yana shiga cikin wasa lokacin da kake tuƙi fiye da kilomita 500 a shekara a cikin motar kamfani. Hukumomin haraji suna ɗaukar wannan a matsayin albashi a cikin nau'in. Don haka dole ne ku biya haraji akan wannan. Saboda haka, dole ne a ƙara wani adadin ƙimar motar zuwa kudin shiga: karuwa.
Don ƙayyade ƙarin ƙarin, ana ɗaukar kashi na tushen haraji ko farashin jeri. Ga duk motocin da ake amfani da man fetur, abin da ake ƙara a halin yanzu shine 22%. Wannan kuma ya shafi nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan toshe da na'urorin toshe-kunshe da motocin lantarki da ke da kewayon kewayon kewayo. A cikin shekara ta 2, ragi na 2021% zai shafi motocin da ba sa fitar da CO12 kwata-kwata. Baya ga motocin lantarki, wannan kuma ya hada da motocin da ke amfani da hydrogen. Wannan adadin yana aiki har tsawon shekaru biyar bayan shigar da farko (a ranar da motar ta kasance "yi rijista"). Bayan haka, dokokin da aka yi amfani da su a lokacin za su yi aiki.
Ƙimar haraji ta haɗa da VAT da BPM. Shigar na'urorin na'urorin masana'antu kuma suna ƙididdigewa, amma shigar na'urorin dila ba sa. Hakanan ba a haɗa kuɗin gyara da rajista ba. Don haka, ƙimar kuɗi tana ƙasa da farashin siyarwar da aka ba da shawarar.
Don motocin lantarki da aka yi rajista a cikin 2020, an rage ƙarin cajin har zuwa € 40.000. Za'a caje ma'auni na al'ada na 22% a ɓangaren ƙimar kasida wanda ya wuce wannan adadin. Idan motar tana da darajar Yuro 55.000 12, 40.000% tana nufin Yuro 22 na farko da 15.000% zuwa sauran Yuro XNUMX XNUMX. Za mu ba da cikakken misali na lissafi daga baya a cikin wannan labarin don fayyace hakan.
Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da yin hayar gaba ɗaya a cikin labarin kan hayar abin hawan lantarki.
Har zuwa 2021
Dokokin kari suna canzawa akai-akai. An sami ƙaramin ƙarami da aka caje don rajista a cikin 2020 don motocin lantarki, wato 8%. Wannan ƙarin sha'awa kuma ya shafi har zuwa 45.000 EUR 40.000 maimakon 60 XNUMX EUR. Don samun fa'idodin ƙarancin ƙima, direbobin kasuwanci sun sayi EVs a cikin masse a ƙarshen bara ko, ba shakka, sun shiga yarjejeniyar kasuwanci don yin hakan. Ga wadanda suka sayi abin hawa a bara, farashin na yanzu zai ci gaba da aiki har tsawon watanni XNUMX, ba tare da la'akari da canjin kuɗi ba.
A cikin 2010, gwamnati ta gabatar da ƙarin fa'ida ga motocin da ba za su iya fitar da hayaki ba a karon farko. Haɓakar motocin lantarki har yanzu ya kasance 0% a lokacin. A cikin 2014, wannan adadi ya karu zuwa 4%. Wannan ya ci gaba har zuwa 2019. A cikin 2020, an sami karuwa zuwa 8%. A cikin 2021, wannan adadi ya sake ƙaruwa zuwa 12%.
A kan 2020
Ƙara daga 4% zuwa 8% sannan zuwa 12% wani ɓangare ne na karuwa a hankali kamar yadda aka yi kira a cikin yarjejeniyar yanayi. Motocin lantarki za su yi girma da kashi 2026% a cikin 22. Har zuwa lokacin, ƙari zai ƙaru kaɗan kowane lokaci (duba tebur). An ƙara ƙara kaɗan a wannan shekara kuma zai sake faruwa a shekara mai zuwa. Bayan haka, ƙimar kuɗin motocin lantarki zai kasance a 16% na shekaru uku. A cikin 2025, za a sake ƙara ƙarin kuɗin da kashi 1% kafin fa'idar keɓancewar ta ɓace a cikin 2026.
Matsakaicin ƙimar kasida a wannan shekara an rage daga 45.000 40.000 zuwa 2025 2026 Yuro. Za a yi amfani da wannan ƙimar kasida har zuwa shekara ta XNUMX. Daga XNUMX gaba, raguwar ƙimar ba za ta kasance ba kuma saboda haka matakin ba zai ƙara amfani ba.
Ana iya ganin cikakken bayyani a cikin tebur da ke ƙasa. 2019 kuma an haɗa shi don kwatanta. Waɗannan tsare-tsare ne kamar yadda suke, amma ana iya canzawa. Yarjejeniyar Yanayi ta bayyana cewa ana sake duba ƙarin dokoki kowace shekara kuma ana daidaita su kamar yadda ya cancanta.
| год | .Ara | Ƙimar ƙofa |
| 2019 | 4% | €50.000 |
| 2020 | 8% | €45.000 |
| 2021 | 12% | €40.000 |
| 2022 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2023 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2024 | 16% | €40.000 |
| 2025 | 17% | €40.000 |
| 2026 | 22% | - |
Ƙarin (fulogin) hybrids
Me game da plug-in hybrids? Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, ba za su iya ƙidaya ƙarin fa'idodi ba. Adadin al'ada na 22% ya shafi irin wannan abin hawa. A da, har yanzu hybrids suna da babban hannu. Sharadi shi ne cewa hayakin CO2 ya kamata ya zama ƙasa da gram 50 a kowace kilomita. Misali, Porsche 918 Spyder yana da iskar CO2 na gram 70 / km, don haka PHEV ya fado daga cikin jirgin saboda ƙarancin amfani. PHEVs masu matsakaicin girma tare da ingin konewa suna da kyau.
An yi amfani da ragin kuɗi na 2014% don waɗannan motocin a cikin 2015 da 7. Misali, godiya ga wannan ma'aunin, Mitsubishi Outlander PHEV ya shahara sosai. A cikin 2014, haɓakar ya kai ko da 0%, don haka ba a sami bambanci tsakanin motocin lantarki da matasan ba idan motar tana da hayaƙin CO50 na ƙasa da gram 2.
1: Hyundai Kona Electric
Ƙarin 2020
Don samun ra'ayi na farashin, bari mu lissafta ƙari na motoci biyu. Da farko, bari mu ɗauki sanannen motar haya a ƙarƙashin € 45.000: Hyundai Kona. Hakanan ana samun wannan ƙirar tare da injin petur da na'ura, amma a yanzu muna magana ne game da zaɓin wutar lantarki duka. Sigar Comfort na 64 kWh yana da ƙimar kasida na € 40.715 XNUMX.
Tun da wannan adadin yana ƙasa da madaidaicin € 45.000, ana amfani da ƙarin ƙarin ƙarin 8% akan duka adadin. Wannan ya kai € 3.257,20 babban adadin kowace shekara ko € 271,43 kowace wata. Wannan ƙarin adadin ne wanda dole ne a biya haraji.
Adadin haraji ya dogara da nau'in haraji. A cikin wannan misalin, muna ɗauka cewa albashin shekara-shekara bai kai 68.507 € 37,35 ba. Adadin harajin da ake amfani da shi a halin yanzu ga wannan rukunin shine 271,43%. Tare da babban haɓaka na € 101,38, za ku ƙare biyan € XNUMX kowane wata.
| Ƙimar kasida | €40.715 |
| Kashi na ƙari | 8% |
| Babban ƙari | €271,43 |
| Yawan haraji | 37,35% |
| Bugu da kari | €101,38 |
Ƙarin 2019
A bara, babban haɓaka na EVs a wannan farashin har yanzu ya kasance rabin, godiya ga karuwar 4%. V net Bugu da kari, duk da haka, ba daidai ba ne rabin, saboda haraji kudi na samun kudin shiga daga 20.711 68.507 zuwa 2019 51,71 Tarayyar Turai ya dan kadan mafi girma a lokacin. Tare da wannan bayanan, lissafin yana ba da riba mai riba a cikin shekara XNUMX na € XNUMX a wata.
Ƙarin 2021
A shekara mai zuwa kashi zai karu zuwa 12%. Har ila yau, adadin haraji yana canzawa, kodayake bambancin yana da iyaka. Wani muhimmin abu ga wannan mota: an rage darajar kofa daga 45.000 40.000 zuwa 40.715 715 Tarayyar Turai. Darajar kundin kasida na 22 2021 Yuro ya ɗan fi wannan. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dole ne a biya cikakken kari na 153,26% na ƙarshe na € XNUMX. Ƙarin kuɗin kowane wata zai zama € XNUMX a cikin shekara XNUMX tare da mota iri ɗaya da kudin shiga.
Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa don sanin cewa ba tare da ƙarin fa'ida ba - a cikin adadin 22% - karuwar net ɗin zai zama Yuro 278,80, dangane da farashin haraji na yanzu. Ƙarin tukin lantarki zai kasance a wannan matakin a cikin 2026. A lokacin, duk da haka, motocin lantarki kuma za su zama masu rahusa.
Electric vs. fetur
Tun da ana samun Kona a cikin nau'in mai, yana da ban sha'awa don ƙara wannan ƙari ga wannan bambance-bambancen. Abin baƙin ciki, kwatancen gaskiya ba zai yiwu ba saboda mafi ƙarfin bambance-bambancen man fetur har yanzu yana da ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da na lantarki. 1.6 T-GDI yana da 177 hp da Electric 64 kWh yana da 204. Don mafi arha nau'in 1.6 T-GDI, kuna biyan karuwar kuɗi na Yuro 194,83 kowace wata. Ko da tare da ƙarin ƙari, mafi ƙarfi Electric har yanzu yana da rahusa sosai.
| Kona Electric 64 | 2019 | 4% | €51,71 |
| 2020 | 8% | €101,38 | |
| 2021 | 12% | €153,26 | |
| 22% | €278,80 | ||
| Kusurwa 1.6 T-GDI | 22% | €194,83 |
Misali 2: Tesla Model 3
Ƙarin 2020
Model na Tesla 3 shine lamba ta daya a bara lokacin da yazo ga manyan motocin haya. Ba kamar Kona ba, farashin kasida na wannan motar ya zarce iyakar Yuro 45.000. Mafi arha sigar ita ce Standard Range Plus. Farashin kasidansa shine € 48.980 XNUMX. Wannan yana ɗan dagula lissafin.
Adadin 45.000% ya shafi € 8 na farko. Wannan yayi daidai da babban haɓakar € 300 kowace wata. Sauran € 3.980 yana ƙarƙashin cikakken ƙimar 22%. Wannan ya kai Yuro 72,97 a wata. Don haka, jimlar ƙimar da aka ƙara shine € 372,97.
Don wannan motar, muna ɗauka cewa samun kudin shiga ya wuce 68.507 49,50 Yuro kuma daidaitaccen kuɗin haraji shine 184,62%. Wannan yana ba ku haɓakar net ɗin € 335,39 kowace wata. Ta hanyar kwatanta: ba tare da ƙarin fa'ida ba, ƙarin net ɗin zai kasance € XNUMX.
| Jimlar kimar katalogi | €48.980 |
| Ƙimar kasida zuwa bakin kofa | €45.000 |
| Kashi na ƙari | 8% |
| .Ara | €300 |
| Ya rage darajar kasida | €3.980 |
| Kashi na ƙari | 22% |
| .Ara | €72,97 |
| Jimlar babban ƙari | €372,97 |
| Yawan haraji | 49,50% |
| Bugu da kari | €184,62 |
Supplement 2019 da 2021
Wadanda suka sayi Model 3 a bara har yanzu suna iya samun karuwar 4% na motocin lantarki. Menene kuma muhimmin bambanci ga wannan sigar ta musamman: sannan ƙofar ta kasance har yanzu 50.000 € 4. Don haka, wannan 68.507% yana nufin jimlar ƙimar lissafin. Adadin haraji akan kudin shiga sama da Yuro 84,49 279,68 ya kasance dan kadan sama da haka. Wannan ya haifar da haɓakar haɓakar € 12 a kowane wata. A shekara mai zuwa, ƙimar za ta kasance € XNUMX a kowane wata tare da haɓaka har zuwa XNUMX%.
| Tesla Model 3 Standard Range Plus | 2019 | 4% | €84,49 |
| 2020 | 8% | €184,62 | |
| 2021 | 12% | €279,68 | |
| 22% | € 444.49 | ||
| BMW 330i | 22% | €472,18 |
Electric vs. fetur
Nawa ne kuɗin kwatankwacin abin hawan mai? Tun da Model 3 nasa ne D-segment, da mota za a iya kwatanta, misali, da BMW 3 Series. Bambancin mafi kusa shine 330i tare da 258 hp. Wannan shi ne 20 hp. fiye da Standard Range Plus. A daidai wannan adadin haraji kamar yadda yake a baya, muna samun karuwar kuɗi na € 330 a kowane wata don 472,18i. Idan aka ba da mafi girman farashin jeri, 330i koyaushe yana ɗan tsada fiye da Model 3 Standard Range Plus, amma 2020i a halin yanzu zai zama aƙalla 330x mafi tsada ga direban kasuwanci a 2,5. Yanzu kun fahimci dalilin da yasa kuke ganin Model 3 sau da yawa fiye da sabon BMW 3 Series.
Don taƙaita
Dangane da karin kudin motocin lantarki daga kashi 4% zuwa 8%, a bana an dauki matakin farko na kawar da karin haraji. Hakanan an saukar da ƙimar kofa daga 50.000 45.000 zuwa Yuro 8 XNUMX. Don haka, idan aka kwatanta da bara, amfanin kuɗin kuɗi ya riga ya ragu sosai. Ko da kuwa, mafi girman kimar katalogi na EVs ya fi kashewa ta kashi XNUMX bisa dari. Bugu da kari, direban kasuwanci sau da yawa akalla rabin farashin abin hawa mai kwatankwacin man fetur ne.
Koyaya, fa'idar kuɗi za ta ragu har sai haɓakar ya kai matakin gas da motocin diesel a cikin 2026. A gefe guda kuma, motocin lantarki, ba shakka, suna samun rahusa. Lokaci zai nuna yadda waɗannan ci gaban biyu za su daidaita.
