Diesels tare da SCR. Shin za su haifar da matsala?
Injin dizal suna da ƙarin kayan haɗi. Turbocharger, mai bayan sanyaya da tacewa particulate dizal sun riga sun zama daidai. Yanzu akwai SCR tace.
BlueHDI, BlueTEC, SCR Blue Motion Technology wasu ne daga cikin alamomin da suka bayyana kwanan nan akan motocin dizal. An bayyana cewa motocin na dauke da tsarin SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction), watau SCR. sami shigarwa na musamman don kawar da iskar nitrogen daga iskar gas, wanda mai kara kuzari shine ammonia wanda aka gabatar a cikin hanyar maganin urea (AdBlue). . Tsarin ya kasance a waje da injin, an gina wani sashi a cikin jiki (mai kula da lantarki, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, tanki, famfo, tsarin cikawar AdBlue, layin samar da ruwa zuwa bututun ƙarfe) da wani ɓangare a cikin tsarin shayewar ruwa (ruwan ruwa, ƙirar catalytic, nitrogen oxides). Sensor). Bayanai daga tsarin sun shiga tsarin binciken abin hawa, wanda ke ba direba damar karɓar bayanai game da buƙatar cika ruwa da yuwuwar gazawar tsarin SCR.
Ayyukan SCR yana da sauƙi. Injector yana gabatar da maganin urea a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye kafin mai kara kuzari na SCR. A ƙarƙashin rinjayar babban zafin jiki, ruwa yana raguwa zuwa ammonia da carbon dioxide. A cikin mai kara kuzari, ammonia yana amsawa tare da nitrogen oxides don samar da ƙarancin nitrogen da tururin ruwa. Wani ɓangare na ammonia da ba a yi amfani da shi ba a cikin martani kuma ana canza shi zuwa takin nitrogen da tururin ruwa. Aiwatar da ammonia kai tsaye ba zai yiwu ba saboda yawan guba da ƙamshi mai banƙyama. Don haka maganin urea mai ruwa, mai lafiya kuma a zahiri ba shi da wari, daga abin da ake fitar da ammonia kawai a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye kafin abin ya faru.
Sabbin tsarin da ke rage iskar nitrogen a cikin iskar gas sun maye gurbin tsarin EGR da aka yi amfani da su a baya, waɗanda ba su da fa'ida sosai ga ma'aunin Yuro 6 da aka gabatar a cikin 2014. Koyaya, ba duk injunan Euro 6 ba ne suke buƙatar samun tsarin SCR. Yana da kusan babu makawa a cikin manyan raka'o'in tuƙi, ƙarancin abin da ake kira " tarkon NOx " ko ma'ajin ajiya zai wadatar. An shigar da shi a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye kuma yana ɗaukar nitrogen oxides. Lokacin da firikwensin ya gano cewa mai kara kuzari ya cika, yana aika sigina zuwa na'urorin sarrafa injin. Na karshen, bi da bi, ya umurci masu allurar da su kara yawan adadin man fetur a tsaka-tsakin dakika da yawa don ƙone oxides da aka kama. Abubuwan ƙarshe sune nitrogen da carbon dioxide. Don haka, mai juyawa catalytic na ajiya yana aiki iri ɗaya zuwa tacewar dizal, amma ba ta da inganci kamar mai sauya catalytic SCR, wanda zai iya cire kusan kashi 90% na iskar nitrogen daga iskar gas. Amma " tarkon NOx " baya buƙatar ƙarin kulawa da kuma amfani da AdBlue, wanda zai iya zama matsala sosai.
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Wholesale AdBlue yana da arha sosai (PLN 2 kowace lita), amma a gidan mai yana biyan PLN 10-15 kowace lita. Duk da haka, wannan shine mafi kyawun farashi fiye da a tashoshin sabis masu izini, inda yawanci dole ne ku biya sau 2-3 fiye da shi. Dole ne a tuna cewa ana siyan AdBlu akai-akai, ba za a iya yin tambaya game da hannun jari da ake buƙatar ɗauka a cikin akwati ba. Dole ne a adana ruwan a ƙarƙashin yanayin da ya dace kuma ba na dogon lokaci ba. Amma ba a buƙatar ɗakin ajiya, tun da amfani da maganin urea kadan ne. Yana da kusan kashi 5% na yawan man da ake amfani da shi, watau motar da ke cinye man dizal 8 l/100 km, kusan 0,4 l/100 km. A nesa na 1000 km zai kasance game da lita 4, wanda ke nufin amfani da 40-60 zł.
Yana da sauƙi a ga cewa siyan AdBlue da kansa yana ƙara farashin sarrafa mota, kodayake ana iya rage waɗannan ta hanyar rage yawan man mai a cikin injuna tare da na'urar catalytic SCR. Matsalolin farko kuma sun bayyana, saboda ba tare da AdBlue a cikin mota ba, dole ne ku nemi wurin siyarwa don maganin urea nan da nan bayan saƙon game da buƙatar mai. Lokacin da ruwan ya ƙare, injin zai shiga yanayin gaggawa. Amma ainihin matsalolin, kuma mafi tsanani, suna kwance a wani wuri. Bugu da kari, farashin da ke da alaƙa da tsarin SCR na iya yin girma sosai. Ga jerin mugayen zunubai na tsarin SCR:
Ƙananan Zazzabi - AdBlue yana daskarewa a -11ºC. Lokacin da injin ke gudana, tsarin dumama kusa da tankin AdBlue yana tabbatar da cewa ruwan ba ya daskare kuma babu matsala. Amma lokacin da aka kunna motar bayan sanyin dare, AdBlue yana daskarewa. Ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da shi zuwa injin sanyi mai gudana ba har sai tsarin dumama ya kawo AdBlue zuwa yanayin ruwa kuma mai sarrafawa ya yanke shawarar cewa dosing zai iya farawa. A ƙarshe, ana allurar maganin urea, amma har yanzu akwai lu'ulu'u na urea a cikin tanki waɗanda zasu iya toshe injector na AdBlue da layukan famfo. Lokacin da wannan ya faru, injin zai yi rauni. Lamarin ba zai dawo daidai ba har sai an narkar da urea. Amma lu'ulu'u na urea ba sa narkewa cikin sauƙi kafin su daina crystalline, suna iya lalata injector AdBlue da famfo. Wani sabon injector AdBlue yana kashe aƙalla ƴan ɗari PLN, yayin da sabon famfo (haɗe tare da tanki) farashin tsakanin 1700 zuwa dubu da yawa PLN. Ya kamata a ƙara cewa ƙananan zafin jiki baya bauta wa AdBlue. Lokacin daskarewa da narkewa, ruwan yana raguwa. Bayan da yawa irin waɗannan sauye-sauye, yana da kyau a maye gurbin shi da sabon.
Zafi - a yanayin zafi sama da 30ºC, urea a cikin AdBlue yana takushewa kuma yana rubewa zuwa wani abu mai suna biuret. Kuna iya jin warin ammoniya mara kyau kusa da tankin AdBlue. Idan abun ciki na urea yayi ƙasa da ƙasa, mai jujjuyawar motsi na SCR ba zai iya amsawa da kyau ba, kuma idan ƙararrawar ganowar abin hawa bai amsa ba, injin ɗin zai shiga yanayin gaggawa. Hanya mai sauƙi don kwantar da tankin AdBlue ɗinku shine zuba ruwan sanyi akansa.
Rashin gazawar kayan aikin injiniya da lantarki – idan aka yi amfani da shi yadda ya kamata, lalacewar famfo ko gazawar injector AdBlue ba kasafai ba ne. A gefe guda, na'urori masu auna firikwensin nitric oxide suna kasawa sau da yawa. Abin takaici, na'urori masu auna firikwensin sau da yawa sun fi tsada fiye da allura. Kudinsu daga ƴan ɗari zuwa kusan 2000 zł.
Gurbacewa - tsarin samar da AdBlue baya jurewa kowane gurɓatawa, musamman mai mai. Ko da ƙaramin kashi nasa zai lalata shigarwa. Mazugi da sauran na'urorin haɗi masu mahimmanci don cika maganin urea dole ne a yi amfani da su don wata manufa. AdBlue ba dole ba ne a shafe shi da ruwa, saboda wannan na iya lalata mai canzawa. AdBlue shine kashi 32,5% na urea a cikin ruwa, wannan rabo bai kamata a keta shi ba.
An shigar da tsarin SCR akan manyan motoci tun 2006, kuma akan motocin fasinja tun 2012. Babu wanda ya musanta bukatar yin amfani da su, saboda kawar da abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikin iskar gas yana aiki mai kyau ga dukanmu. Amma a cikin shekarun amfani, SCR ya yi sunansa mafi muni, yana haifar da tarurrukan bita na abokan ciniki da masu amfani masu ban haushi. Yana da matsala kamar tacewa, kuma yana iya fallasa masu mota ga rugujewar juyayi da kashe kuɗi masu yawa. Ba abin mamaki bane kasuwar ta mayar da martani kamar yadda aka raba abubuwan tacewa. Akwai tarurrukan da ke cire shigarwar allurar AdBlue tare da sanya na'urar kwaikwayo ta musamman wacce ke sanar da tsarin gano motar cewa tace har yanzu tana aiki kuma tana aiki yadda ya kamata. Har ila yau, a cikin wannan yanayin, gefen halin kirki na irin wannan aikin yana da shakku sosai, amma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne ga direbobin da suka yi zurfi a ƙarƙashin fata na SCR kuma suka shiga cikin jakar su. Bangaren shari'a ya bar shakka - cirewar tacewa SCR ba bisa ka'ida ba ne, saboda ya saba wa sharuɗɗan amincewar motar. Duk da haka, ba wanda zai yi ƙoƙarin gano irin wannan aikin, kamar a cikin yanayin cire abubuwan tacewa.
