Banbanci. Menene shi kuma me yasa ake amfani da shi?
Inji mai akwatin gear bai isa ya tuka mota ba. Bambanci kuma wajibi ne don motsi na ƙafafun.
A taƙaice, bambance-bambancen yana aiki don tabbatar da cewa ƙafafun da ke kan gatari ba sa jujjuya gudu ɗaya. A cikin ƙarin sharuɗɗan kimiyya, aikin bambance-bambancen shine ramawa ga bambance-bambancen juzu'in jujjuyawar igiyoyin katako na ƙafafu na axle lokacin da suke tafiya tare da waƙoƙin tsayi daban-daban.
Bambanci sau da yawa ana kiransa bambanci, daga kalmar bambance-bambance. Abin sha'awa, wannan ba ƙirƙira ce ta farkon zamanin kera motoci ba. Sinawa ne suka kirkiro wannan bambamci a ƙarni da suka wuce.
Don kusurwa
Manufar bambancin shine a ba da damar mota don yin juyawa. To, a kan tuƙi, lokacin da motar ke yin kusurwa, motar waje dole ne ta yi tafiya mai nisa fiye da motar ciki. Wannan yana sa motar waje tayi sauri fiye da dabaran ciki. Ana buƙatar bambancin don hana ƙafafu biyu daga jujjuya su a cikin gudu ɗaya. Idan ba a can ba, ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafun tuƙin motar zai zame akan saman hanya.
Duba kuma haɗin gwiwar tuƙin mota - yadda ake tuƙi ba tare da lalata su ba
Bambancin ba wai kawai yana hana wannan ba, har ma yana hana matsalolin da ba a so a cikin watsawa, wanda hakan zai iya haifar da lalacewa, ƙara yawan man fetur da ƙarar taya.
Tsarin inji
Bambancin ya ƙunshi gear bevel da yawa da ke kewaye a cikin wani gida mai juyawa. An haɗa shi da dabaran kambi. Canja wurin jujjuyawar juzu'i daga akwatin gear (kuma daga injin) zuwa ƙafafun tuƙi yana faruwa lokacin da abin da ake kira shaft ɗin harin yana fitar da kayan zoben da aka ambata ta hanyar kayan aikin hypoid na musamman (yana da murƙushe axles da layin haƙora, wanda ke ba ku damar canja wurin. manyan kaya).
A cikin motocin tuƙi na gaba, kayan zobe suna da madaidaiciya ko haƙoran haƙora waɗanda ke gefen waje na shaft. Irin wannan bayani ya fi sauƙi kuma mai rahusa don ƙirƙira da aiki (banbancin yana haɗuwa tare da akwatin gear), wanda ke bayyana dalilin da yasa kasuwa ta mamaye motocin gaba.
Duba kuma Ƙarfi Koyaushe akan Tayoyin Hudu wanda shine bayyani na tsarin tuƙi 4×4.
A cikin abubuwan hawa na baya, an ɓoye bambancin a cikin wani akwati na musamman na ƙarfe. A bayyane yake a bayyane a ƙarƙashin shasi - tsakanin ƙafafun tuƙi akwai nau'in sifa mai suna rear axle.
A tsakiya akwai giciye, wanda aka dora kayan aiki a kai, ana kiransa tauraron dan adam, tunda sukan kewaya wannan sinadari ta hanyar tafiya, wanda hakan ke sa injin din ke jujjuyawa, wanda hakan ke mika tuki zuwa tafukan motar. Idan ƙafafun abin hawa suna juyawa da sauri daban-daban (misali, abin hawa yana juyi), tauraron dan adam na ci gaba da jujjuya hannun gizo-gizo.
Babu zamewa
Koyaya, wani lokacin bambancin yana da wahalar aiwatarwa. Wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafun abin hawa ya kasance a kan ƙasa mai santsi kamar ƙanƙara. Bambancin sannan yana canjawa kusan dukkan karfin juzu'i zuwa waccan dabaran. Wannan saboda dabaran da ke da mafi kyawun riko dole ne ta yi amfani da ƙarin juzu'i don shawo kan rikici na ciki a cikin bambance-bambance.
An magance wannan matsalar a cikin motocin motsa jiki, musamman a cikin motocin tuƙi. Waɗannan motocin yawanci suna amfani da bambance-bambancen juriya masu tsayi waɗanda ke da ikon canja wurin mafi yawan juzu'i zuwa dabaran tare da mafi kyawun riko.
Zane na bambance-bambancen yana amfani da kullun tsakanin gear gefe da gidaje. Lokacin da ɗaya daga cikin ƙafafun ya ɓace, ɗaya daga cikin ƙugiya ya fara magance wannan al'amari tare da ƙarfin juzu'i.
Duba kuma Turbo a cikin mota - ƙarin iko, amma kuma wahala. Jagora
Koyaya, wannan ba shine kawai maganin watsawa da ake amfani dashi a cikin motocin 4 × 4 ba. Yawancin waɗannan motocin har yanzu suna da bambancin cibiyar (yawanci ana kiranta da bambancin cibiyar) wanda ke rama bambancin saurin jujjuyawar da ke tsakanin ma'aunin tuƙi. Wannan bayani yana kawar da samuwar matsalolin da ba dole ba a cikin watsawa, wanda ke da mummunar tasiri ga dorewa na tsarin watsawa.
Bugu da ƙari, bambance-bambancen na tsakiya kuma yana rarraba juzu'i tsakanin axles na gaba da na baya. Don inganta juzu'i, kowane SUV mai mutunta kansa shima yana da akwatin gear, watau. wata hanyar da ke ƙara ƙarfin juzu'in da ake watsawa zuwa ƙafafun a cikin kuɗin gudu.
A ƙarshe, don SUVs masu ban sha'awa, an tsara motoci masu sanye da bambance-bambancen tsakiya da kuma makullai daban-daban.
A cewar masanin
Jerzy Staszczyk, makaniki daga Slupsk
Bambance-bambancen abu ne na dindindin na motar, amma idan an yi amfani da shi daidai. Misali, ba a ba shi farawar da tayoyi masu kururuwa ba. Tabbas, tsufan motar, tsarin tsarin tafiyarta ya kara lalacewa, gami da bambanci. Ana iya gwada wannan ko da a gida. Kawai kuna buƙatar ɗaga ɓangaren motar inda ƙafafun tuƙi suke. Bayan matsar da kowane kaya, juya sitiyarin a bangarorin biyu har sai kun ji juriya. Daga baya muna jin juriya, mafi girman girman girman lalacewa. Game da motocin tuƙi na gaba, irin wannan wasan na iya nuna lalacewa akan akwatin gear.
Wojciech Frölichowski
