Bincike da gyaran firam ɗin mota

A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi nazari sosai kan zaɓuɓɓukan bincike da gyara firam ɗin abin hawa na hanya, musamman, zaɓuɓɓukan daidaita firam ɗin da maye gurbin sassan firam. Har ila yau, za mu yi la'akari da firam ɗin babur - yuwuwar bincika girma da dabarun gyare-gyare, da kuma gyara tsarin tallafi na motocin hanya.

A kusan kowane hatsarin ababen hawa, muna fuskantar lalacewa ga jiki. firam ɗin abin hawa hanya. Koyaya, a lokuta da yawa, lalacewar firam ɗin abin hawa shima yana faruwa saboda rashin aiki da abin hawa (misali, farawa naúrar tare da jujjuyawar tuƙi na tarakta da maƙarƙashiyar firam ɗin tarakta da ƙaramin tirela saboda rashin daidaituwa ta gefe. kasa).

Firam ɗin abin hawa hanya

Frames na motocin hanya sune ɓangaren tallafin su, aikin shine haɗawa da kiyayewa a cikin yanayin dangi da ake buƙata na sassa daban-daban na watsawa da sauran sassan abin hawa. Kalmar "frames na hanyoyin motoci" a halin yanzu ana samun su a cikin motocin da ke da chassis tare da firam, wanda galibi ke wakiltar rukunin manyan motoci, manyan tireloli da tirela, bas, da kuma ƙungiyar injinan noma (haɗa, tarakta). ), da kuma wasu motocin da ba a kan hanya. kayan aikin hanya (Mercedes-Benz G-Class, Toyota Land Cruiser, Land Rover Defender). Firam ɗin yakan ƙunshi bayanan martaba na ƙarfe (yafi U- ko I-dimbin yawa kuma tare da kauri na kusan 5-8 mm), an haɗa ta hanyar welds ko rivets, tare da yuwuwar haɗin gwiwar dunƙule.

Babban ayyuka na firam:

• canza ƙarfin tuƙi da ƙarfin birki zuwa kuma daga watsawa,
• tabbatar da axles,
• ɗaukar jiki da kaya kuma canza nauyin su zuwa ga axle (aikin wuta),
• ba da damar aikin wutar lantarki,
• tabbatar da amincin ma'aikatan abin hawa (launi mai aminci).

Bukatun firam:

• rigidity, ƙarfi da sassauci (musamman game da lankwasawa da ƙumburi), rayuwa gajiya,
• low nauyi,
• ba tare da rikici ba dangane da abubuwan abin hawa,
• tsawon rayuwar sabis (lalata juriya).

Rabewar firam bisa ga ƙa'idar ƙirar su:

• ribbed frame: ya ƙunshi igiyoyi masu tsayi guda biyu da ke da alaƙa da igiyoyi masu jujjuyawar, za a iya siffata katako mai tsayi don ba da damar gatari zuwa bazara,

Tsarin haƙarƙari

• firam ɗin diagonal: ya ƙunshi igiyoyi masu tsayi guda biyu waɗanda ke da alaƙa da igiyoyi masu jujjuyawar, a tsakiyar tsarin akwai diagonal guda biyu waɗanda ke ƙara ƙaƙƙarfan firam ɗin,

 

Tsarin diagonal

• Crossframe "X": ya ƙunshi membobin gefe guda biyu waɗanda suke taɓa juna a tsakiya, membobin giciye suna fitowa daga ɓangarorin gefe zuwa ɓangarorin.

Gicciyen firam

• rear frame: yana amfani da bututu mai goyan baya da axles oscillating (pendulum axles), mai ƙirƙira Hans Ledwinka, darektan fasaha na Tatra; An fara amfani da wannan firam akan motar fasinja Tatra 11; yana da alaƙa da ƙarfi mai yawa, musamman ƙarfin juzu'i, don haka ya dace musamman ga motocin da aka yi niyya daga kan hanya; baya ƙyale sassauƙan shigarwa na injin da sassan watsawa, wanda ke ƙaruwa da hayaniya da girgizar su ke haifarwa,

Tsarin baya

• babban firam ɗin: yana ba da izinin shigarwa mai sauƙi na injin kuma yana kawar da lahani na ƙirar da ta gabata,

Tsarin baya

• tsarin dandamali: wannan nau'in tsari shine canji tsakanin jiki mai tallafawa kai da firam

Tsarin dandamali

• firam ɗin lattice: Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan tsari ne mai hatimi wanda aka samo a cikin ƙarin nau'ikan bas na zamani.

Lattice frame

• firam ɗin bas (firam ɗin sarari): ya ƙunshi firam ɗin rectangular guda biyu waɗanda ke sama da ɗayan, an haɗa su ta hanyar ɓangarori na tsaye.

Tsarin bas

A cewar wasu, kalmar “firam ɗin abin hawa hanya” kuma tana nufin tsarin jikin motar fasinja ne mai ɗaukar kansa, wanda ke cika aikin firam ɗin. Ana yin wannan ta hanyar walda tambura da bayanan bayanan karfe. Motocin da aka fara samarwa tare da jikin-karfe masu tallafawa kansu sune Citroën Traction Avant (1934) da Opel Olympia (1935).

Babban buƙatun su ne yankuna na nakasar lafiya na gaba da na baya na firam da jiki gaba ɗaya. Tsarin tasirin tasirin da aka tsara ya kamata ya sha tasirin tasirin yadda ya kamata yadda ya kamata, yana shayar da shi saboda nakasar kansa, don haka jinkirta nakasar cikin kanta. Akasin haka, yana da tsauri sosai don kare fasinjoji da sauƙaƙe ceton su bayan wani hatsarin mota. Bukatun tsauri kuma sun haɗa da juriya na tasiri. Gilashin tsayin daka a cikin jiki sun ɗora matsuguni ko kuma an lanƙwasa su ta yadda bayan tasiri sun lalace ta hanyar da ta dace kuma a kan madaidaiciyar hanya. Jiki mai tallafawa kansa yana ba da damar rage jimlar nauyin abin hawa har zuwa 10%. Duk da haka, dangane da halin da ake ciki na tattalin arziki halin da ake ciki a wannan bangaren kasuwa, a aikace, gyaran gyare-gyare na manyan motoci ne maimakon za'ayi, da sayan farashin da muhimmanci fiye da na motoci, da kuma abokan ciniki kullum amfani da kasuwanci (transport). ayyuka. ...

Idan aka yi mummunar lahani ga motocin fasinja, kamfanonin inshora suna rarraba su a matsayin lalacewa gabaɗaya don haka yawanci ba sa yin gyara. Wannan halin da ake ciki ya yi tasiri mai mahimmanci a kan tallace-tallace na sababbin motocin fasinja, wanda ya ga raguwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.

Firam ɗin babur yawanci ana waldawa don bayanan bayanan tubular, tare da na gaba da na baya ana ɗora su akan firam ɗin don haka ake ƙera su. Ja gyara daidai. Maye gurbin sassan firam ɗin babur gabaɗaya dillalai da cibiyoyin sabis na wannan nau'in kayan aikin suna ba da ƙarfin gwiwa sosai saboda yuwuwar haɗarin aminci ga masu babur. A cikin waɗannan lokuta, bayan bincikar firam da gano rashin aiki, ana ba da shawarar maye gurbin gabaɗayan firam ɗin babur da sabon.

Koyaya, ana amfani da tsarin daban-daban don tantancewa da gyara firam ɗin manyan motoci, motoci da babura, wanda aka ba da taƙaitaccen bayani a ƙasa.

Binciken firam ɗin abin hawa

Ƙimar lalacewa da aunawa

A cikin hadurran zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, firam da sassan jiki suna fuskantar nau'ikan lodi daban-daban (misali matsa lamba, tashin hankali, lankwasa, tarkace, strut), bi da bi. haduwarsu.

Dangane da nau'in tasiri, nakasar firam, firam ɗin bene ko jiki na iya faruwa:

• Faɗuwar tsakiyar firam (misali, a cikin karo gaba-gaba ko karo da bayan motar),

Kasawar tsakiyar ɓangaren firam

• tura firam sama (tare da tasirin gaba),

Tada firam sama

• ƙaura ta gefe (tasirin gefe)

Matsala ta gefe

• karkatarwa (misali, karkatar da mota)

Karkacewa

Bugu da ƙari, tsaga ko tsaga na iya bayyana akan kayan firam ɗin. Game da ingantaccen kima na lalacewa, ya zama dole don ganowa ta hanyar dubawa ta gani kuma, dangane da tsananin hatsarin, ya zama dole a auna firam ɗin mota daidai. jikinsa.

Ganin gani

Wannan ya haɗa da tantance ɓarnar da aka yi don sanin ko motar tana buƙatar aunawa da abin da ake buƙatar gyara. Dangane da tsananin hatsarin, ana duba motar don lalacewa ta fuskoki daban-daban:

1. Lalacewar waje.

Lokacin duba mota, ya kamata a bincika abubuwa masu zuwa:

• lalacewar nakasa,
• girman haɗin gwiwa (alal misali, a cikin ƙofofi, bumpers, bonnet, ɗakunan kaya, da dai sauransu) wanda zai iya nuna nakasar jiki kuma, sabili da haka, ma'auni ya zama dole.
• kadan nakasar (misali, protrusions a kan manyan wurare), wanda za a iya gane su ta hanyoyi daban-daban na haske.
• lalacewa ga gilashi, fenti, fashewa, lalacewa ga gefuna.

2. Lalacewa ga firam ɗin bene.

Idan kun lura da wani murkushewa, tsagewa, karkatarwa, ko rashin daidaituwa yayin nazarin abin hawa, auna abin abin hawa.

3. Lalacewar ciki.

• fasa, squeezing (saboda wannan shi ne sau da yawa wajibi ne a wargaje rufin),
• saukar da seat belt pretensioner,
• tura jakar iska,
• lalacewar wuta,
• gurbatawa

3. Lalacewar sakandare

Lokacin gano lalacewar na biyu, ya zama dole don bincika ko akwai wasu, wasu sassan firam, acc. aikin jiki kamar injin, watsawa, tudun axle, tuƙi da sauran mahimman sassa na chassis ɗin abin hawa.

Ƙaddamar da tsari na gyarawa

Ana yin rikodin lalacewa da aka ƙayyade yayin dubawar gani a kan takardar bayanan sannan kuma an ƙayyade gyare-gyaren da ake bukata (misali maye gurbin, gyaran sashi, maye gurbin sashi, ma'auni, zane, da dai sauransu). Ana sarrafa bayanan ta hanyar tsarin lissafin kwamfuta don tantance ƙimar kuɗin gyaran da ƙimar lokacin abin hawa. Koyaya, ana amfani da wannan hanyar musamman wajen gyaran firam ɗin abin hawa, saboda gyaran firam ɗin manyan motoci yana da wahalar tantancewa daga daidaitawa.

Frame / gwajin jiki

Wajibi ne don ƙayyade idan nakasar mai ɗauka ya faru, acc. bene frame. Ƙimar aunawa, na'urori masu tsakiya (kanikanci, na gani ko lantarki) da tsarin aunawa suna zama hanyar yin ma'auni. Mahimmin abu shine tebur mai girma ko zanen aunawa na ƙera nau'in abin hawa da aka bayar.

Binciken manyan motoci (auna firam)

Tsarin gwajin jumlolin manyan motoci TruckCam, Celette da Blackhawk ana amfani da su sosai a aikace don tantance gazawar (masu gudu) na firam ɗin tallafin manyan motoci.

1. Tsarin TruckCam (na asali sigar).

An ƙera tsarin don aunawa da daidaita ma'auni na ƙafafun manyan motoci. Duk da haka, yana yiwuwa kuma auna jujjuyawar juyi da karkatar da firam ɗin abin hawa dangane da ƙimar ƙima da masu kera abin hawa suka kayyade, da kuma jimlar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa, jujjuyawar ƙafar ƙafa da karkatar da karkatar da tuƙi. Ya ƙunshi kyamara mai watsawa (wanda aka ɗora tare da ikon juyawa akan faifan ƙafa ta amfani da na'urori masu hannu uku tare da maimaita ci gaba), tashar kwamfuta tare da shirye-shiryen da ya dace, sashin rediyo mai watsawa da masu riƙe niyya ta musamman ta kai tsaye. haɗe da firam ɗin mota.

Abubuwan Aunawar Tsarin TruckCam

Duban na'urar mai son kai

Lokacin da infrared bim na mai watsawa ya buge maƙasudin tunani mai ma'ana da ke a ƙarshen mariƙin mai son kai, ana nuna shi baya ga ruwan tabarau na kamara. Sakamakon haka, hoton makasudin yana nunawa akan bangon baki. Microprocessor na kamara ne ke nazarin hoton kuma ya aika bayanan zuwa kwamfutar, wanda ke kammala lissafin bisa ga kusurwoyi uku na alpha, beta, kusurwar karkatarwa da nisa daga abin da aka nufa.

Hanyar aunawa:

• masu riƙe niƙa mai nuna kai da kai a haɗe zuwa firam ɗin abin hawa (a bayan firam ɗin abin hawa)
• shirin yana gano nau'in abin hawa kuma yana shigar da ƙimar firam ɗin abin hawa (faɗin firam ɗin gaba, faɗin firam ɗin baya, tsayin mai ɗaukar hoto mai nuna kai tsaye)
• tare da taimakon matsi mai lefa uku tare da yiwuwar maimaitawa a tsakiya, ana ɗora kyamarori a kan ƙafafun motar motar.
• ana karanta bayanan manufa
• Masu riƙon gani na kai tsaye suna matsawa zuwa tsakiyar firam ɗin abin hawa
• ana karanta bayanan manufa
• Masu riƙon gani na kai tsaye suna matsawa zuwa gaban firam ɗin abin hawa
• ana karanta bayanan manufa
• shirin yana haifar da zane wanda ke nuna rarrabuwar firam daga ƙimar ƙima a cikin millimeters (haƙuri 5 mm)

Rashin lahani na wannan tsarin shine cewa ainihin sigar tsarin ba ta ci gaba da yin la'akari da rarrabuwa daga ƙimar ƙima ba, don haka, yayin gyarawa, ma'aikacin bai san ta wacce ƙimar ƙima a cikin milimita an daidaita girman firam ɗin. Bayan an shimfiɗa firam ɗin, dole ne a maimaita girman girman. Don haka, wannan tsari na musamman wasu suna ganin ya fi dacewa da daidaita jumloli na ƙafafu kuma bai dace da gyaran firam ɗin manyan motoci ba.

2. Tsarin Celette daga Blackhawk

Tsarin Celette da Blackhawk suna aiki akan ƙa'ida mai kama da tsarin TruckCam da aka kwatanta a sama.

Tsarin Bette na Celette yana da na'urar watsa katako ta Laser maimakon kamara, kuma maƙasudin ma'aunin millimita da ke nuni da ɓangarorin firam daga tunani ana ɗora su a kan maƙallan masu son kai a maimakon maƙasudin tunani. Fa'idar yin amfani da wannan hanyar aunawa lokacin da ake gano jujjuyawar firam shine cewa ma'aikaci zai iya gani yayin gyara ga wane ƙimar aka daidaita girman.

A cikin tsarin Blackhawk, na'urar ganin laser ta musamman tana auna matakin tushe na chassis dangane da matsayi na ƙafafun baya dangane da firam. Idan bai dace ba, kuna buƙatar shigar da shi. Kuna iya ƙayyade madaidaicin ƙafafu na dama da hagu dangane da firam, wanda ke ba ku damar ƙayyade daidaitaccen diyya na axle da karkatar da ƙafafunsa. Idan jujjuyawar ƙafafu ko karkatar da ƙafafun sun canza akan madaidaicin gatari, to dole ne a maye gurbin wasu sassa. Idan ma'aunin axle da matsayi na dabaran daidai ne, waɗannan su ne tsoffin dabi'u waɗanda za a iya bincika kowane nakasar firam. Yana da nau'i uku: nakasawa a kan dunƙule, ƙaurawar firam ɗin katako a cikin shugabanci mai tsayi da karkatar da firam ɗin a cikin jirgin sama a kwance ko a tsaye. Ana shigar da kimar maƙasudin da aka samu daga bincike, inda aka lura da sabani daga madaidaitan ƙima. A cewar su, za a ƙayyade tsarin biyan kuɗi da kuma zane, tare da taimakon abin da za a gyara nakasar. Wannan shiri na gyaran yana ɗaukar yini gaba ɗaya.

Blackhawk Target

Laser Beam Transmitters

Gano lafiyar mota

XNUMXD frame / girman jiki

Tare da firam na XNUMXD / ma'aunin jiki, tsayi, faɗi da daidaito kawai za'a iya aunawa. Bai dace da auna girman jiki na waje ba.

Firam ɗin bene tare da wuraren sarrafa ma'auni don ma'aunin XNUMXD

Firikwensin nuni

Ana iya amfani da shi don ayyana tsayi, faɗi, da girman diagonal. Idan, lokacin auna diagonal daga dakatarwar axle na gaba na dama zuwa ga gefen hagu na baya, an sami juzu'i mai girma, wannan na iya nuna firam ɗin bene mai karkace.

Wakilin tsakiya

Yawanci yana ƙunshi sandunan aunawa guda uku waɗanda aka sanya su a takamaiman wuraren aunawa akan firam ɗin ƙasa. Akwai fitilun ma'auni akan sandunan aunawa waɗanda ta cikin su zaku iya yin niyya. Firam ɗin tallafi da firam ɗin bene sun dace idan fil ɗin da aka sa a gaba sun rufe duk tsawon tsarin lokacin da ake nufi.

Wakilin tsakiya

Yin amfani da na'ura mai mahimmanci

XNUMXD ma'aunin jiki

Yin amfani da ma'auni mai girma uku na maki jiki, ana iya ƙayyade su (aunawa) a cikin gatura mai tsayi, tsaka-tsaki da na tsaye. Ya dace da daidaitattun ma'aunin jiki

Ƙa'idar auna XNUMXD

Tebur madaidaiciya tare da tsarin aunawa na duniya

A wannan yanayin, abin hawa da ya lalace yana tsaro zuwa teburin daidaitawa tare da matsi na jiki. A nan gaba, an shigar da gada mai aunawa a ƙarƙashin abin hawa, yayin da ya zama dole don zaɓar wuraren ma'aunin jiki guda uku da ba su lalace ba, biyu daga cikinsu suna daidai da axis na motar. Ma'auni na uku yakamata a kasance a wuri mai nisa sosai. Ana sanya karusar aunawa akan gadar aunawa, wanda za'a iya daidaita daidai gwargwado ga ma'aunin daidaikun mutane kuma ana iya tantance tsayin tsayi da juzu'i. Kowace ƙofar ma'auni tana sanye take da gidaje na telescopic tare da ma'auni wanda aka shigar da tukwici masu aunawa. Ta hanyar tsawaita tukwici masu aunawa, ma'aunin yana motsawa zuwa wuraren da aka auna na jiki domin a iya tantance ma'aunin tsayi daidai.

Tebur madaidaiciya tare da tsarin aunawa na inji

Tsarin auna gani

Don ma'aunin jikin gani ta amfani da hasken haske, tsarin aunawa dole ne ya kasance a waje da firam ɗin tushe na teburin daidaitawa. Hakanan za'a iya ɗaukar ma'aunin ba tare da madaidaicin firam ɗin goyan bayan tsayawa ba, idan abin hawa yana kan matsaya ko kuma idan an ja ta sama. Don aunawa, ana amfani da sandunan aunawa guda biyu, waɗanda ke kusa da kusurwoyin madaidaicin abin hawa. Sun ƙunshi naúrar Laser, mai raba katako da raka'o'in prismatic da yawa. Naúrar Laser tana haifar da hasken haskoki waɗanda ke tafiya a layi daya kuma suna bayyana kawai lokacin da suka yi karo da cikas. Mai raba katako yana karkatar da katakon Laser daidai da gajeren layin dogo kuma a lokaci guda yana ba shi damar tafiya a madaidaiciyar layi. Tubalan prism suna karkatar da katakon Laser daidai a ƙarƙashin ƙasan abin hawa.

Tsarin auna gani

Aƙalla ma'aunin ma'auni uku marasa lahani a kan gidaje dole ne a rataye su tare da ma'auni na filastik masu haske kuma a daidaita su bisa ga ma'aunin ma'auni daidai da abubuwan haɗin da suka dace. Bayan kunna naúrar Laser, matsayi na ma'aunin dogo yana canzawa har sai hasken haske ya kai ga ƙayyadadden yanki na ma'aunin ma'aunin, wanda za a iya gane shi ta hanyar jan dige a kan masu aunawa. Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa katakon Laser yana daidai da kasan abin hawa. Don ƙayyade ƙarin tsayin tsayin jiki, wajibi ne a sanya ƙarin ma'aunin ma'auni a wurare daban-daban a gefen abin hawa. Don haka, ta hanyar motsa abubuwan prismatic, yana yiwuwa a karanta ma'auni masu tsayi a kan ma'aunin ma'auni da tsayin tsayi a kan ma'auni. Sannan ana kwatanta su da takardar awo.

Tsarin aunawa na lantarki

A cikin wannan tsarin aunawa, ana zaɓar ma'aunin ma'auni masu dacewa akan jiki ta hannun ma'auni wanda ke motsawa akan hannun jagora (ko sanda) kuma yana da ma'aunin ma'auni mai dacewa. Ana ƙididdige ainihin matsayin ma'aunin ta kwamfuta a hannun ma'auni kuma ana watsa ma'aunin ma'aunin zuwa kwamfutar ta hanyar rediyo. Daya daga cikin manyan masana'antun wannan nau'in kayan aiki shine Celette, tsarin aunawa mai girma uku ana kiransa NAJA 3.

Tsarin ma'aunin lantarki ta wayar salula wanda kwamfutar Celette NAJA ke sarrafa don duba abin hawa

Hanyar aunawa: Ana ɗora abin hawa akan na'urar ɗagawa kuma a ɗaga shi don kada ƙafafunsa su taɓa ƙasa. Don tantance ainihin matsayin abin hawa, binciken ya fara zaɓar maki uku marasa lahani a jiki sannan a yi amfani da binciken zuwa wuraren aunawa. Ana kwatanta ma'auni masu ƙima da ƙimar da aka adana a cikin kwamfutar aunawa. Lokacin kimanta juzu'in juzu'i, saƙon kuskure ko shigarwar atomatik (rikodi) a cikin ƙa'idar auna yana biye. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da tsarin don gyare-gyare (jawo) motocin don ci gaba da tantance matsayin aya a cikin x, y, z, da kuma lokacin sake haɗa sassan firam ɗin jiki.

Fasalolin tsarin aunawa duniya:

• dangane da tsarin aunawa, akwai takardar aunawa ta musamman tare da takamaiman ma'auni na kowane iri da nau'in abin hawa,
• Tukwici masu aunawa suna canzawa, dangane da sifar da ake buƙata,
• Ana iya auna maki na jiki tare da shigar da naúrar ko tarwatsa,
• Gilashin manne na motoci (har ma da fashe) ba dole ba ne a cire kafin auna jiki, yayin da suke ɗaukar kusan kashi 30% na jujjuyawar jikin.
• tsarin aunawa ba zai iya goyan bayan nauyin abin hawa ba kuma ba zai iya tantance ƙarfin lokacin nakasar baya ba,
• a cikin tsarin aunawa ta amfani da katako na Laser, kauce wa bayyanar da katako na Laser,
• Tsarin aunawa na duniya yana aiki azaman na'urorin kwamfuta tare da nasu software na bincike.

Binciken babura

Lokacin duba ma'auni na firam ɗin babur a aikace, ana amfani da max tsarin daga Scheibner Messtechnik, wanda ke amfani da na'urori masu gani don kimantawa tare da haɗin gwiwar shirin don ƙididdige madaidaicin matsayi na maki ɗaya na firam ɗin babur.

Scheibner kayan aikin bincike

Firam / gyaran jiki

Gyaran firam ɗin mota

A halin yanzu, a cikin aikin gyarawa, ana amfani da tsarin daidaita tsarin firam ɗin BPL daga kamfanin Faransa Celette da Power keji daga kamfanin Amurka Blackhawk. An tsara waɗannan tsarin don daidaita kowane nau'in nakasawa, yayin da ginin madugu baya buƙatar cikakken cire firam ɗin. Fa'idar ita ce shigar da wayar hannu na hasumiya masu ja don wasu nau'ikan abubuwan hawa. Ana amfani da injunan hydraulic kai tsaye tare da turawa / jan ƙarfi fiye da tan 20 don daidaita girman firam (turawa / ja). Ta wannan hanyar yana yiwuwa a daidaita firam ɗin tare da kashe kusan mita 1. Ba a ba da shawarar gyaran firam ɗin mota ta amfani da zafi akan gurɓatattun sassa ko an hana shi dangane da umarnin masana'anta.

Tsarin daidaitawa BPL (Celette)

Mahimmin ɓangaren tsarin daidaitawa shine simintin ƙarfe na kankare, angashi ta hanyar anka.

Duban dandamalin matakin BPL

Manyan runfunan ƙarfe (hasumiyai) suna ba da damar tura firam ɗin kuma a ja su ba tare da dumama ba, ana ɗora su a kan ƙafafun da ke shimfiɗa lokacin da ledar jan hannu ta motsa, ɗaga sanda kuma ana iya motsa su. Bayan fitar da lever, sai a sanya ƙafafun a cikin tsarin traverse (hasumiya), kuma gaba ɗaya samansa yana kan ƙasa, inda aka makala shi da simintin simintin ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu dunƙulewa da ƙugiya na ƙarfe.

Matsa tare da misalin ɗaure zuwa tsarin tushe

Duk da haka, ba koyaushe yana yiwuwa a daidaita firam ɗin motar ba tare da cire shi ba. Wannan yana faruwa dangane da lokacin da ake buƙata don tallafawa firam ɗin, bi da bi. me ake nufi da turawa. Lokacin daidaita firam ɗin (misali a ƙasa) wajibi ne a yi amfani da sandar sarari wanda ya dace tsakanin firam ɗin biyu.

Lalacewa ga bayan firam

Gyaran firam bayan rarraba sassa

Bayan daidaitawa, sakamakon jujjuyawar kayan abu, ɓangarorin gida na bayanan firam ɗin suna bayyana, wanda za'a iya cirewa ta amfani da jig na ruwa.

Gyara nakasar gida na firam

Gyaran gidaje tare da tsarin Celette

Idan ya cancanta don daidaita ɗakunan manyan motoci, ana iya yin wannan aikin ta amfani da:

• tsarin da aka bayyana a sama ta hanyar amfani da na'urori masu ja (traverses) daga mita 3 zuwa 4 ba tare da buƙatar rarrabuwa ba,

Misalin amfani da hasumiya mai tsayi don daidaita ɗakunan gidaje

•  ta yin amfani da benci na musamman Celette Menyr 3 madaidaiciya tare da hasumiya mai tsayi biyu (masu zaman kansu na firam ɗin ƙasa); Ana iya cire hasumiya a yi amfani da su don jan rufin bas kuma a kan firam ɗin ƙasa,

kujera ta musamman ga dakuna

Tsarin madaidaiciyar keji (Blackhawk)

Na'urar ta bambanta da tsarin daidaita tsarin Celette, musamman, a cikin gaskiyar cewa firam ɗin tallafi ya ƙunshi manyan katako masu tsayin mita 18, waɗanda za a gina motar da ta yi hatsari. Na'urar ta dace da dogayen motoci, manyan tireloli, masu girbi, bas, cranes da sauran hanyoyin.

Ƙarfin ƙarfi da ƙarfi na ton 20 ko fiye yayin daidaitawa ana samar da famfunan ruwa na hydraulic. Blackhawk yana da nau'ikan turawa daban-daban da ja da haɗe-haɗe. Za a iya motsa hasumiya na na'urar a cikin madaidaiciyar hanya kuma ana iya shigar da silinda na ruwa akan su. Ƙarfin jan su yana watsa su ta hanyar sarƙoƙi madaidaiciya masu ƙarfi. Tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare yana buƙatar ƙwarewa mai yawa da sanin damuwa da damuwa. Ba a taɓa amfani da ramuwa mai zafi ba, saboda yana iya dagula tsarin kayan. Mai yin wannan na'urar ya haramta hakan a sarari. Gyaran firam ɗin da suka lalace ba tare da haɗa sassan mota da sassa na wannan na'urar yana ɗaukar kwanaki uku ba. A cikin mafi sauƙi, ana iya ƙarewa a ɗan gajeren lokaci. Idan ya cancanta, yi amfani da abubuwan jan hankali waɗanda ke ƙara ƙarfi ko matsawa zuwa tan 40. Duk wani ƙananan rashin daidaito a kwance yakamata a gyara shi kamar yadda yake a cikin tsarin Celette BPL.

Rovnation Blackhawk Station

A wannan tashar gyarawa, zaku iya kuma gyara tsarin tsari, misali, akan bas.

Daidaita tsarin bas ɗin

Gyaran firam ɗin motoci tare da gurɓatattun sassa masu zafi - maye gurbin sassan firam

A cikin sharuɗɗan sabis masu izini, amfani da dumama gurɓatattun sassa lokacin daidaita firam ɗin abin hawa ana amfani da shi zuwa iyakacin iyaka, dangane da shawarwarin masana'antun abin hawa. Idan irin wannan dumama ya faru, to, musamman, ana amfani da dumama shigarwa. Amfanin wannan hanyar akan dumama harshen wuta shine cewa a maimakon dumama saman, yana yiwuwa a yi zafi yankin da ya lalace daidai. Tare da wannan hanya, lalacewa da rushewar shigarwar lantarki da na'urorin iska na filastik ba ya faruwa. Duk da haka, akwai haɗarin canji a cikin tsarin kayan, wato coarsening na hatsi, musamman saboda rashin dumama a yayin da kuskuren inji.

Induction dumama na'urar Alesco 3000 (ikon 12 kW)

Sauya sassa na firam galibi ana aiwatar da su a cikin yanayin sabis na "garaji", bi da bi. lokacin gyaran firam ɗin mota, ana yin su da kansu. Wannan ya ƙunshi maye gurbin gurɓatattun sassan firam (yanke su) da maye gurbin su da sassan firam ɗin da aka ɗauka daga wata motar da ba ta lalace ba. A lokacin wannan gyaran, dole ne a kula don girka da walda ɓangaren firam zuwa firam na asali.

Gyaran firam ɗin motar fasinja

Gyaran jiki bayan hatsarin mota ya dogara ne akan abubuwan da aka makala mutum ɗaya don manyan sassan abin hawa (misali gatura, inji, hinjiyoyin ƙofa, da sauransu). Mai ƙira ne ya ƙayyade jiragen ma'aunin daidaikun mutane kuma an ƙayyade hanyoyin gyara a cikin littafin gyaran abin hawa. Yayin gyaran kanta, ana amfani da hanyoyin gyara daban-daban don gyara firam ɗin da aka gina a cikin bene na bita ko daidaita stools.

Yayin hatsarin hanya, jiki yana canza kuzari mai yawa zuwa nakasar firam, bi da bi. zanen jiki. Lokacin daidaita jiki, ana buƙatar isassun manyan ƙarfi da ƙarfi, waɗanda ake amfani da su ta hanyar jan ƙarfe da na'urorin matsawa. Ka'idar ita ce, ƙarfin nakasar na baya dole ne ya zama akasin jagorancin ƙarfin nakasar.

Kayan aikin Matakan Ruwa

Sun ƙunshi latsawa da motar motsa jiki kai tsaye da aka haɗa ta hanyar babban matsi. A cikin yanayin babban silinda mai matsa lamba, sandar piston yana ƙarawa ƙarƙashin aikin babban matsin lamba; a yanayin ƙarar silinda, yana ja da baya. Dole ne a goyi bayan ƙarshen silinda da sandar piston yayin matsawa kuma dole ne a yi amfani da matsi na faɗaɗa yayin haɓakawa.

Kayan aikin Matakan Ruwa

Hydraulic lift (bulldozer)

Ya ƙunshi katako mai kwance da ginshiƙi da aka shigar a ƙarshensa tare da yiwuwar juyawa, tare da silinda mai matsa lamba zai iya motsawa. Za'a iya amfani da na'urar daidaitawa ba tare da teburin daidaitawa ba idan akwai ƙananan lahani zuwa matsakaita ga jiki, wanda baya buƙatar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi sosai. Dole ne a kiyaye jikin a wuraren da masana'anta suka kayyade tare da matsi na chassis da bututun tallafi akan katakon kwance.

Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kari (bulldozers) na iri daban-daban;

Tebur madaidaiciya tare da na'urar daidaitawa na ruwa

Kujerar madaidaiciyar ta ƙunshi ƙaƙƙarfan firam mai ɗaukar ƙarfi madaidaiciya. Ana haɗe motoci da ita ta ƙasan gefen katakon sill ta hanyar amfani da maɗaukaki (ƙuƙwalwa). Za a iya shigar da na'urar daidaita ma'aunin hydraulic cikin sauƙi a ko'ina akan teburin daidaitawa.

Tebur madaidaiciya tare da na'urar daidaitawa na ruwa

Hakanan za'a iya gyara lalacewa mai tsanani ga aikin jiki tare da daidaita benci. Gyaran da aka yi ta wannan hanya yana da sauƙin aiwatarwa fiye da yin amfani da tsawo na na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa, tun da jujjuyawar jiki na iya faruwa a cikin wata hanya ta gaba da nakasar farko ta jiki. Bugu da kari, zaku iya amfani da matakan hydraulic bisa ka'idar vector. Ana iya fahimtar wannan kalma azaman na'urori masu daidaitawa waɗanda zasu iya shimfiɗawa ko damfara wani gurɓataccen ɓangaren jiki a kowace hanya ta sarari.

Canza alƙawarin ƙarfin nakasawa na baya

Idan, sakamakon haɗari, baya ga nakasar jiki a kwance, nakasawa kuma yana faruwa tare da kusurwoyinsa na tsaye, dole ne a janye jiki ta hanyar na'urar daidaitawa ta amfani da abin nadi. Ƙarfin jujjuyawar daga nan yana aiki zuwa wata alkibla kai tsaye sabanin ƙarfin nakasu na asali.

Canza alƙawarin ƙarfin nakasawa na baya

Shawarwari don gyaran jiki (miƙewa)

• Dole ne a yi gyaran jiki kafin a raba sassan jikin da ba a gyara su ba.
• idan mikewa zai yiwu, sai a yi sanyi.
• idan zane mai sanyi ba zai yiwu ba ba tare da hadarin fashewa a cikin kayan ba, za'a iya ɗora ɓangaren ɓarna a kan babban yanki ta amfani da mai ƙonawa mai dacewa; duk da haka, zazzabi na kayan kada ya wuce 700 ° (duhu ja) saboda canje-canjen tsarin,
• bayan kowane sutura ya zama dole don duba matsayin ma'aunin ma'auni,
• don cimma daidaitattun ma'auni na jiki ba tare da tashin hankali ba, dole ne a shimfiɗa tsarin dan kadan fiye da girman da ake bukata don elasticity,
• Dole ne a maye gurbin sassa masu ɗaukar kaya waɗanda suka fashe ko karye saboda dalilai na aminci,
• Dole ne a tsare sarƙoƙi da igiya.

Gyaran firam ɗin babur

Hoto 3.31, Duban tashar tufa da babur

Labarin yana ba da bayyani na tsarin firam, bincike na lalacewa, da kuma hanyoyin zamani na gyaran firam da goyan bayan tsarin motocin hanya. Wannan yana ba masu motocin da suka lalace damar sake amfani da su ba tare da maye gurbinsu da sababbi ba, wanda galibi ke haifar da tanadin kuɗi mai yawa. Don haka, gyare-gyaren firam ɗin da suka lalace da manyan gine-ginen ba wai kawai na tattalin arziki ba ne har ma da fa'idodin muhalli.