injin tururi na katako

An ƙirƙiri injunan tururi na farko tare da silinda mai motsi mai motsi a cikin ƙarni na XNUMX kuma an yi amfani da su don motsa ƙananan jiragen ruwa. Amfanin su sun haɗa da sauƙin gini. Tabbas, waɗannan injinan tururi ba na itace ba ne, amma ƙarfe ne. Suna da 'yan sassa, ba su karye ba, kuma suna da arha don yin sana'a. An yi su a kwance ko a tsaye don kada su dauki sarari da yawa a cikin jirgin. Waɗannan nau'ikan injunan tururi kuma an kera su azaman ƙanana masu aiki. Su ne kayan wasan kwaikwayo na polytechnic mai amfani da tururi.

Sauƙaƙan ƙirar injin tururi na silinda mai motsi shine babban fa'idarsa, kuma ana iya gwada mu don yin irin wannan ƙirar daga itace. Tabbas muna son samfurin mu yayi aiki kuma ba kawai ya tsaya ba. Yana yiwuwa. Koyaya, ba za mu fitar da shi da tururi mai zafi ba, amma tare da iska mai sanyi na yau da kullun, zai fi dacewa daga kwampreso na gida ko, alal misali, injin tsabtace gida. Itace abu ne mai ban sha'awa kuma mai sauƙin aiki, saboda haka zaku iya sake ƙirƙirar injin tururi a ciki. Tun lokacin da muke gina samfurin mu, mun samar da ɓangaren ɓangaren ɓangaren silinda, godiya ga wannan za mu iya ganin yadda piston ke aiki da kuma yadda silinda ke motsawa dangane da ramukan lokaci. Ina ba da shawarar ku fara aiki nan da nan.

Aikin injin tururi tare da girgiza Silinda. Za mu iya yin nazarin su don Hoton 1 akan jerin hotuna masu alamar daga a zuwa f.

1. Turi yana shiga cikin silinda ta mashigai ya tura piston.
2. Fistan yana jujjuya fulawar tashi ta cikin sandar fistan da crank sanda mai haɗawa.
3. Silinda ya canza matsayinsa, yayin da piston ke motsawa, yana rufe mashigar kuma ya buɗe mashin ɗin tururi.
4. Piston, wanda rashin inertia na garken gardama ke motsa shi, yana tura tururin shaye-shaye ta cikin wannan rami, kuma zagayowar ta fara.
5. Silinda yana canza matsayi kuma mashigar ta buɗe.
6. Tururi da aka matsa ya sake wucewa ta cikin mashigai ya tura piston.

Kayan aikin: Electric rawar soja a kan tsayawar, rawar soja a haɗe zuwa bench, bel sander, vibratory grinder, dremel tare da itacen tips, jigsaw, gluteing inji tare da zafi manne, M3 mutu tare da threading chuck, aikin kafinta 14 millimeters. Za mu yi amfani da kwampreso ko injin tsabtace ruwa don fitar da samfurin.

Abubuwa: Pine allo 100 by 20 millimeters wide, roller 14 millimeters in diamita, board 20 by 20 millimeters, board 30 by 30 millimeters, board 60 by 8 millimeters, plywood 10 millimeters. Man shafawa na siliki ko man inji, ƙusa mai diamita na milimita 3 da tsayin milimita 60, maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai ƙarfi, goro mai wanki M3. Share varnish a cikin wani aerosol gwangwani don varnishing itace.

Tushen inji. Za mu yi shi daga allo mai auna 500 ta 100 da 20 millimeters. Kafin zanen, yana da kyau a daidaita duk rashin daidaituwa na allon da wuraren da aka bari bayan yankewa tare da yashi.

Taimakon jirgin sama. Mun yanke shi daga katakon Pine mai auna 150 ta 100 da 20 millimeters. Muna buƙatar abubuwa guda biyu iri ɗaya. Bayan zagaye tare da bel grinder, sandpaper 40 tare da babba gefuna a cikin baka da kuma aiki tare da kyau sandpaper a cikin goyon baya, da ramukan da diamita na 14 millimeters a wurare kamar yadda aka nuna a fig. Hoton 2. Tsayin abin hawa tsakanin tushe da axle zai zama mafi girma fiye da radius na tashi.

Ƙwallon ƙafar ƙafa. Za mu yanke shi daga plywood 10 millimeters lokacin farin ciki. Dabaran yana da diamita na 180 millimeters. Zana da'irori iri ɗaya guda biyu akan plywood tare da caliper kuma yanke su da jigsaw. A kan da'irar farko, zana da'irar tare da diamita na 130 millimeters coaxial kuma yanke tsakiyarsa. Wannan zai zama gemu na tashi, wato, bakinsa. Wreath don ƙara rashin aiki na dabaran juyi.

Tashi. Jirgin mu na tashi yana da magana guda biyar. Za a ƙirƙira su ta yadda za mu zana triangles biyar a kan dabaran tare da gefuna masu zagaye kuma a juya digiri 72 dangane da axis na dabaran. Bari mu fara da zana da'irar da diamita na milimita 120 a kan takarda, sannan a bi da alluran sakawa mai kauri milimita 15 da da'ira a sasanninta na triangles. Kuna iya gani akan shi hoto 3. i 4., Inda aka nuna zane na dabaran. Mun sanya takarda a kan sassan da aka yanke da kuma sanya alamar dukkanin ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan tare da ramin rami. Wannan zai tabbatar da daidaiton hakowa. Muna rawar jiki duk sasanninta na triangles tare da rawar jiki tare da diamita na 14 millimeters. Tun da rawar ruwa na iya lalata plywood, ana ba da shawarar cewa kawai ku yi rawar rabin kauri na plywood, sannan ku juya kayan kuma ku gama hakowa. Wani lebur mai lebur na wannan diamita yana ƙarewa da ɗan ƙaramin igiya mai fitowa wanda zai ba mu damar gano daidai tsakiyar rami da aka haƙa a wancan gefen plywood. Idan muka yi la’akari da fifikon aikin aikin kafinta na silindi a kan aikin kafinta, mun yanke sauran kayan da ba dole ba daga cikin jirgin sama tare da jigsaw na lantarki don samun ingantattun alluran sakawa. Dremel yana rama kowane kuskure kuma ya zagaye gefuna na kakakin. Manna da'irar wreath tare da manne vicola. Muna haƙa rami mai diamita na 6 millimeters a tsakiya don shigar da dunƙule M6 a tsakiya, don haka samun kimanin axis na juyawa na dabaran. Bayan shigar da ƙugiya a matsayin axis na dabaran a cikin rawar jiki, muna aiwatar da dabaran da ke juyawa da sauri, da farko tare da ƙananan hatsi sannan kuma tare da takarda mai kyau. Ina ba ku shawara ku canza yanayin juyawa na rawar jiki don kada kullin dabaran ba ya kwance. Dabaran ya kamata ya kasance yana da ko da gefuna kuma yana juyawa daidai bayan sarrafawa, ba tare da buga gefe ba. Lokacin da aka sami wannan, muna kwance ƙugiya ta wucin gadi kuma mu haƙa rami don axle na manufa tare da diamita na milimita 14.

sandar haɗi. Za mu yanke shi daga plywood 10 millimeters lokacin farin ciki. Don sauƙaƙe aikin, Ina ba da shawarar farawa ta hanyar hako ramuka biyu na 14mm 38mm baya, sa'an nan kuma fitar da siffa ta ƙarshe, kamar yadda aka nuna a ciki. Hoton 5.

tashi axle. An yi shi da wani katako mai diamita na 14 millimeters da tsawon 190 millimeters.

Shaft axle. An yanke shi daga shinge mai diamita na 14 millimeters da tsawon 80 millimeters.

Silinda. Za mu yanke shi daga plywood 10 millimeters lokacin farin ciki. Ya ƙunshi abubuwa biyar. Biyu daga cikinsu suna auna milimita 140 zuwa 60 kuma bangon gefen silinda ne. Kasa da saman 140 ta 80 millimeters. Ƙananan ɓangaren silinda yana auna 60 ta 60 kuma yana da kauri milimita 15. Ana nuna waɗannan sassan a ciki Hoton 6. Muna manne kasa da bangarorin silinda tare da manne mai laushi. Ɗaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan don aikin daidaitaccen samfurin shine daidaitattun gluing na ganuwar da kasa. Hana ramuka don sukurori a saman murfin Silinda. Muna yin ramuka tare da rawar jiki na 3 mm don su fada cikin tsakiyar kauri na bangon silinda. Hana ramuka a cikin murfi kaɗan tare da rawar soja na 8mm don su iya ɓoye kawunansu.

Fista Girman sa shine 60 by 60 by 30 millimeters. A cikin fistan, muna yin rami na makafi na tsakiya tare da diamita na 14 millimeters zuwa zurfin 20 millimeters. Za mu saka sandar fistan a ciki.

sandar fistan. An yi shi da wani katako mai diamita na 14 millimeters da tsawon 320 millimeters. Ƙarfin fistan yana ƙare a gefe ɗaya tare da fistan, kuma a gefe guda tare da ƙugiya a kan madaidaicin sandar crank mai haɗawa.

Haɗin sandar axle. Za mu yi shi daga mashaya tare da sashin 30 ta 30 da tsawon 40 millimeters. Muna haƙa rami na mm 14 a cikin toshe kuma rami na makafi na biyu daidai da shi. Za mu manne da sauran free karshen sandar piston a cikin wannan rami. Tsaftace cikin ramin da yashi da takarda mai kyau wanda aka birgima cikin bututu. Ƙaƙwalwar sanda mai haɗawa zai juya a cikin rami kuma muna so mu rage rikici a wannan batu. A ƙarshe, an zagaya hannun kuma an gama shi da fayil ɗin itace ko sandar bel.

Bakin Lokaci. Za mu yanke shi daga wani katako na Pine mai auna 150 ta 100 ta 20. Bayan yashi a cikin goyon baya, ramuka uku a wurare kamar yadda aka nuna a hoton. Ramin farko tare da diamita na 3 mm don axis lokaci. Sauran biyun kuma su ne mashigan iska da mashigar silinda. Ana nuna wurin hakowa duka ukun a ciki Hoton 7. Lokacin canza ma'auni na sassan injin, dole ne a sami wuraren hakowa ta hanyar haɗa na'ura da kuma tantance matsayi na sama da na ƙasa na Silinda, wato wurin da ramin da aka haƙa a cikin Silinda. Wurin da lokacin zai yi aiki yana yashi tare da sandar orbital tare da takarda mai kyau. Ya kamata ya zama ko da kuma sosai santsi.

Swinging lokaci axle. Kashe ƙarshen ƙusa mai tsayin mm 60 sannan a rufe shi da fayil ko niƙa. Yin amfani da mutuƙar M3, yanke ƙarshensa kusan milimita 10 tsayi. Don yin wannan, zaɓi maɓuɓɓugar ruwa mai ƙarfi, M3 goro da mai wanki.

Rarrabawa. Za mu yi shi daga tsiri mai auna 140 ta 60 da 8 millimeters. Ana haƙa ramuka biyu a cikin wannan ɓangaren samfurin. Na farko shine milimita 3 a diamita. Za mu sanya ƙusa a ciki, wanda shine axis na juyawa na silinda. Ka tuna a tono wannan rami ta yadda kan ƙusa ya koma cikin itace gaba ɗaya kuma baya fita sama da samansa. Wannan lokaci ne mai mahimmanci a cikin aikinmu, yana rinjayar daidaitaccen aiki na samfurin. Ramin diamita na mm 10 na biyu shine mashigar iska/fitowa. Dangane da matsayin Silinda dangane da ramukan da ke cikin madaidaicin lokaci, iska za ta shiga fistan, ta tura shi, sannan fistan za ta tilasta masa fita ta wata hanya. Manna lokacin tare da ƙusa mai mannewa wanda ke aiki azaman axle zuwa saman silinda. Axis kada ya girgiza kuma ya kamata ya kasance daidai da saman. A ƙarshe, tono rami a cikin silinda ta amfani da wurin da rami yake a cikin allon lokaci. Dukkanin rashin daidaituwa na itace, inda zai kasance tare da goyon bayan lokaci, an daidaita shi tare da sander orbital tare da takarda mai kyau.

Mashin taro. Manna axle ɗin tashi zuwa gindi, kula cewa suna cikin layi kuma suna layi ɗaya da jirgin saman tushe. Kafin cikakken taro, za mu fenti abubuwa da kayan aikin injin tare da varnish mara launi. Mun sanya sanda mai haɗawa a kan gawar tashi kuma mu manne shi daidai daidai da shi. Saka sandar igiyar haɗi a cikin rami na biyu. Duka gatari dole ne su kasance daidai da juna. Manna zoben ƙarfafa katako a kan ƙato. A cikin zobe na waje, saka dunƙule itace a cikin rami wanda ke amintar da ƙafar tashi zuwa gadar tashi. A daya gefen tushe, manne da silinda goyon bayan. Lubricate duk sassan katako waɗanda za su motsa kuma su haɗu da juna tare da man siliki ko man inji. Silicone ya kamata a goge shi da sauƙi don rage rikici. Daidaitaccen aikin injin zai dogara da wannan. Ana ɗora silinda akan abin hawa ta yadda axis ɗinsa ya zarce fiye da lokacin. Kuna iya gani akan shi Hoton 8. Sanya bazara a kan ƙusa da ke fitowa bayan goyan bayan, sa'an nan kuma mai wanki kuma tabbatar da komai tare da goro. Silinda, wanda maɓuɓɓugan ruwa ya matse shi, ya kamata ya ɗan ɗan yi motsi akan axis ɗinsa. Mun sanya piston a wurinsa a cikin silinda, kuma mun sanya ƙarshen sandar piston a kan igiya mai haɗawa. Mun sanya murfin Silinda kuma muna ɗaure shi da screws na itace. Lubricate duk sassan haɗin gwiwar na'ura, musamman ma silinda da fistan, da man inji. Kada mu yi nadama mai. Dabaran da aka motsa da hannu yakamata ya juya ba tare da wani juriya ba, kuma sandar haɗi yakamata ya canza motsi zuwa fistan da silinda. Hoto 9. Saka ƙarshen bututun kwampreso a cikin mashigan kuma kunna shi. Juya dabaran kuma iskar da aka matse za ta motsa fistan kuma ƙwanƙolin tashi zai fara juyi. Mahimmin mahimmanci a cikin samfurin mu shine lamba tsakanin farantin lokaci da stator. Sai dai idan yawancin iskar ta kuɓuce ta wannan hanya, motar da aka ƙera da kyau yakamata ta motsa cikin sauƙi, tana bawa masu sha'awar DIY daɗi sosai. Dalilin rashin aiki na iya zama mai rauni sosai a maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Bayan ɗan lokaci, man ya jiƙa a cikin itacen kuma rikici ya yi yawa. Ya kuma bayyana dalilin da ya sa mutane ba su gina injin tururi daga itace ba. Duk da haka, injin katako yana da inganci sosai, kuma sanin yadda silinda mai motsi ke aiki a cikin injin tururi mai sauƙi ya kasance na dogon lokaci.

injin tururi na katako