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Na'urori masu auna firikwensin ABS suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen aiwatar da tsarin birki na abin hawa - ingantaccen aikin birki da santsin aikin naúrar gaba ɗaya ya dogara da su. Abubuwan firikwensin suna watsa bayanai akan matakin jujjuyawar ƙafafun zuwa naúrar sarrafawa, kuma sashin kulawa yana nazarin bayanan mai shigowa, gina algorithm na ayyuka da ake so. Amma menene za a yi idan akwai shakku game da lafiyar na'urorin?

Alamomin na'urar rashin aiki

Gaskiyar cewa na'urar firikwensin ABS ba ta da kyau yana nuna alamar ta hanyar mai nuna alama a kan kayan aikin: yana haskakawa lokacin da aka kashe tsarin, yana fita har ma da ƙananan rashin aiki.

Shaida cewa ABS ta daina "tsangwama" tare da birki:

• Ƙafafun suna kulle kullun a ƙarƙashin birki mai nauyi.
• Babu siffa ƙwanƙwasawa tare da jijjiga lokaci guda lokacin danna fedalin birki.
• Alurar gudun mita tana bayan hanzari ko kuma baya motsawa kwata-kwata daga matsayinta na asali.
• Idan biyu (ko fiye) na'urori masu auna firikwensin akan faifan kayan aiki sun gaza, alamar birki ta ajiye motoci tana haskakawa kuma baya fita.

Menene zan yi idan alamar ABS akan dashboard ɗin motar ba ta yi daidai ba? Kada ku canza firikwensin nan da nan, kuna buƙatar fara duba na'urorin; Ana iya aiwatar da wannan hanya da kanta, ba tare da yin amfani da sabis na masters masu biyan kuɗi ba.

Hanyoyin duba lafiya

Don tantance yanayin ɓangaren, muna yin jerin ayyuka don tantance shi, daga sauƙi zuwa hadaddun:

1. Bari mu bincika fuses ta buɗe toshe (a cikin rukunin fasinja ko a cikin injin injin) da bincika abubuwan da suka dace (an nuna a cikin littafin gyara / aiki). Idan an sami wani abu da ya kone, za mu maye gurbinsa da wani sabo.
2. Mu duba mu duba:
   • amincin haɗin haɗin;
   • wiring don abrasions wanda ke ƙara haɗarin ɗan gajeren kewaye;
   • gurɓataccen sassa, yiwuwar lalacewar inji na waje;
   • gyarawa da haɗi zuwa ƙasa na firikwensin kanta.

Idan matakan da ke sama ba su taimaka wajen gano rashin aiki na na'ura ba, dole ne a duba ta da na'urori - mai gwadawa (multimeter) ko oscilloscope.

Gwaji (multimeter)

Don wannan hanyar gano firikwensin, kuna buƙatar mai gwadawa (multimeter), umarnin don aiki da gyara motar, da kuma PIN - wiring tare da masu haɗawa na musamman.

Gwaji (multimeter) - na'ura don auna ma'aunin lantarki, haɗa ayyukan voltmeter, ammeter da ohmmeter. Akwai samfuran analog da dijital na na'urori.

Don samun cikakken bayani game da aikin firikwensin ABS, dole ne a auna juriya a cikin da'irar na'urar:

1. Tada motar tare da jack ko rataye ta akan ɗagawa.
2. Cire dabaran idan ya hana shiga na'urar.
3. Cire murfin akwatin sarrafa tsarin kuma cire haɗin haɗin haɗin daga mai sarrafawa.
4. Muna haɗa PIN ɗin zuwa multimeter da lambar firikwensin firikwensin (masu haɗin firikwensin baya suna cikin rukunin fasinja, ƙarƙashin kujeru).

Dole ne karatun na'urar ya dace da bayanan da aka kayyade a cikin littafin don gyara da aiki na wani abin hawa. Idan juriya na na'urar:

• a ƙasa mafi ƙarancin madaidaicin - firikwensin yana da kuskure;
• hanyoyin sifili - gajeren kewaye;
• m (tsalle) a lokacin ƙarfafa wayoyi - cin zarafi na lamba a cikin na'urar;
• mara iyaka ko babu karatu - kebul break.

Hankali! Juriya na na'urori masu auna firikwensin ABS na gaba da na baya sun bambanta. Siffofin aiki na na'urorin sun kasance daga 1 zuwa 1,3 kOhm a cikin akwati na farko kuma daga 1,8 zuwa 2,3 kOhm a cikin na biyu.

Yadda ake dubawa da oscilloscope (tare da zane mai wayoyi)

Bugu da ƙari, bincikar kai na firikwensin tare da mai gwadawa (multimeter), ana iya bincika shi tare da na'urar da ta fi rikitarwa - oscilloscope.

Na'urar tana bincika girman girman da sigogin lokacin siginar firikwensin

Oscilloscope na'ura ce da ke nazarin girma da sigogin lokaci na sigina, wanda aka ƙera don tantance daidaitattun hanyoyin bugun jini a cikin da'irori na lantarki. Wannan na'urar tana gano munanan masu haɗawa, kurakuran ƙasa da karyawar waya. Ana yin rajistan ne ta hanyar kallon gani na girgizar da ke kan allon na'urar.

Don tantance firikwensin ABS tare da oscilloscope, dole ne ku:

1. Yi cajin baturi cikakke don lura da raguwar ƙarfin lantarki (spikes) akan masu haɗawa ko jagora yayin aunawa.
2. Nemo firikwensin taɓawa kuma cire haɗin babban haɗin kai daga ɓangaren.
3. Haɗa oscilloscope zuwa tashar wuta.

Haɗa na'urar zuwa mai haɗin firikwensin ABS (1 - rotor gear; 2 - firikwensin)

Matsayin firikwensin ABS yana nuna ta:

• girman girman siginar sigina yayin jujjuyawar ƙafafun gatari ɗaya;
• rashin girman bugun jini lokacin da aka gano tare da siginar sinusoidal na ƙananan mitar;
• rike da tsayin daka da daidaito na jujjuyawar siginar, baya wuce 0,5 V, lokacin da dabaran ke juyawa a mitar 2 rpm.

Lura cewa oscilloscope wani kayan aiki ne mai rikitarwa da tsada. Fasahar kwamfuta ta zamani ta ba da damar maye gurbin wannan na'urar tare da wani shiri na musamman da aka zazzage daga Intanet kuma aka sanya shi a kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na yau da kullun.

Duba wani sashi ba tare da kayan aiki ba

Hanya mafi sauƙi don gano na'urar maras hardware ita ce bincika bawul ɗin solenoid akan firikwensin shigar. Ana amfani da duk wani samfurin ƙarfe (screwdriver, wrench) zuwa ɓangaren da aka shigar da maganadisu. Idan firikwensin bai jawo shi ba, yana da lahani.

Yawancin na'urorin hana kulle birki na motoci na zamani suna da aikin tantance kansu tare da fitowar kuskure (a cikin lambobin haruffa) akan allon kwamfutar kan allo. Kuna iya tantance waɗannan alamomin ta amfani da Intanet ko littafin koyarwa na inji.

Abin da za a yi idan an gano lalacewa

Me za a yi da firikwensin ABS idan an sami matsala? Idan matsalar ita ce na'urar kanta, to dole ne a canza ta, amma a yanayin sadarwar lantarki, zaka iya gyara matsalar da kanka. Don mayar da mutuncinsa, muna amfani da hanyar "welding", a hankali kunsa haɗin gwiwa tare da tef ɗin lantarki.

Idan hasken ABS ya zo a kan dashboard, wannan alama ce bayyananne na matsalar firikwensin. Ayyukan da aka bayyana za su taimaka wajen gano dalilin lalacewa; duk da haka, idan ilimi da kwarewa ba su isa ba, yana da kyau a tuntuɓi ma'aikatan sabis na mota. In ba haka ba, bincikar rashin iya karatu na yanayin, haɗe tare da gyara na'urar ba daidai ba, zai rage tasirin tsarin hana kulle birki kuma yana iya haifar da haɗari.

Yadda zaka duba firikwensin ABS da kanka

Tasirin tsarin birki na mota ya dogara ne akan ƙwarewar direba, akan ƙwarewarsa na ƙwararru. Amma, a wannan yanayin, daban-daban tsarin tsarin da aka gyara suma suna aiki azaman taimako mai mahimmanci, yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar duk yanayin da ake buƙata don tuki lafiya.

Matsayi na musamman a cikin wannan yanayin yana taka rawa ta hanyar lantarki wanda ke hana ƙafafun daga toshewa - tsarin hana kulle kulle. A gaskiya ma, kewayon aikin tsarin da aka gabatar ya wuce manufarsa ta kai tsaye, wanda ya fi dacewa da ikon sarrafa abin hawa a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban na aiki.

Ɗaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwan wannan tsarin shine firikwensin ABS. Tasirin gabaɗayan aikin birki ya dogara da aikin da ya dace. Mu kara saninsa sosai.

Ka'idar aiki na firikwensin ABS

Duk wani matakan bincike ba zai yi tasiri ba idan direban ba shi da masaniya game da ƙa'idodin aiki na naúrar ko ɓangaren tsarin da ake nazari. Sabili da haka, kafin matakin da ya shafi aikin tiyata a cikin aikin wannan na'urar, da farko ya zama dole a yi nazarin ka'idar aikinta.

Menene firikwensin ABS?

Bari mu fara da gaskiyar cewa ana iya samun wannan na'ura mai sauƙi akan kowane ɗayan 4 axles na motar. Ɗayan solenoid yana cikin akwati filastik da aka rufe.

Wani muhimmin abu na firikwensin shine abin da ake kira zoben motsa jiki. An yi gefen ciki na zobe a cikin nau'i na zaren da aka yi. Ana shigar da shi a bayan faifan birki kuma yana juyawa tare da ƙafafun abin hawa. A ƙarshen solenoid core shine firikwensin.

Babban aikin wannan tsarin ya dogara ne akan karanta siginar lantarki daga maƙura kai tsaye zuwa mai karanta naúrar sarrafawa. Don haka, da zaran an watsa wani juzu'i zuwa cikin dabaran, filin maganadisu ya fara bayyana a cikin na'urar lantarki, wanda girmansa ya karu daidai da karuwar saurin jujjuyawar zoben tuƙi.

Da zarar jujjuyawar dabaran ta kai mafi ƙarancin adadin juyi, siginar bugun jini daga firikwensin da aka gabatar ya fara gudana zuwa na'urar sarrafawa. Halin motsin siginar yana faruwa ne saboda kayan zoben zoben motsa jiki.

Ƙarin aiki na ABS hydroblock ya dogara da mitar siginar da aka rubuta a cikin na'urar karɓa. Abubuwan tuƙi na masu rarraba na'ura mai ƙarfi na birki sune solenoids, famfo na ruwa da hanyoyin bawul.

Dangane da ƙarfin siginar da ke shiga jikin bawul ɗin, hanyoyin bawul ɗin tare da sarrafa wutar lantarki suna shiga aiki. Game da toshe ƙafafun, ƙungiyar hydraulic, la'akari da siginar da ta dace, yana rage matsa lamba a cikin wannan birki.

A wannan lokacin, famfon na ruwa yana kunna, yana mai da ruwan birki a cikin tafki na GTZ ta buɗaɗɗen bawul ɗin kewayawa. Da zaran direban ya rage ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce a kan ƙafafu, bawul ɗin kewayawa yana rufe, kuma famfo, bi da bi, ya daina aiki.

A wannan lokacin, babban bawul yana buɗewa kuma matsa lamba a cikin wannan da'irar birki ya dawo daidai.

gyare-gyaren da aka gabatar na ɓangaren ABS shine ya fi kowa kuma ana amfani dashi akan yawancin motocin gida da na waje.

Saboda sauƙi mai sauƙi na wannan zane, abubuwan da ke cikin tsarin suna da tsayin daka ga lalacewa na injiniya da kyakkyawan aiki.

Idan ɓangaren ba shi da tsari, to, ba shi da wahala sosai don aiwatar da magudin da aka bayyana a ƙasa. Yana da sauƙi don siye da maye gurbin firikwensin da sabon abu.

Alamomin na'urar rashin aiki

Duk da cewa na'urar da aka gabatar, a matsayin mai mulkin, an tsara shi don yin aiki ba tare da katsewa ba a lokacin aiki na dogon lokaci, gazawa da rashin aiki daban-daban na iya faruwa yayin aiki.

Don kula da gani na aikin tsarin, ana amfani da fitilar gaggawa akan kayan aikin motar. Shi ne wanda, da farko, ya nuna nau'o'in cin zarafi daban-daban na tsarin da wasu dalilai suka haifar.

Dalilin damuwa a cikin wannan yanayin na iya zama cewa fitilar sarrafawa ba ta fita na dogon lokaci bayan kunna maɓalli zuwa matsayi na gajeren lokaci, ko kuma babu gargadi yayin tuki.

Matsalolin da suka haifar da wannan hali na firikwensin na iya zama daban-daban.

Yi la'akari da alamu da dama waɗanda daga baya zasu taimaka wajen gano dalilin gazawar wani kumburi na tsarin:

• hasken ABS akan dashboard yana kunne na dogon lokaci ko baya fita kwata-kwata;
• wuce gona da iri lokacin da ake danna fedalin birki;
• fedar birki ya daina amsawa kan latsawa;
• toshe ƙafafun lokacin da kuka danna fedar birki sosai.

Tsarin ABS na sigogin da suka gabata, a matsayin mai mulkin, ba a sanye su da wata alama ta musamman na aikin tsarin ba. A wannan yanayin, an yi aikinta ta hanyar fitilar sarrafawa na sarrafa injin.

Yadda ake tantance tsarin ABS

Matakan ganowa waɗanda suka haɗa da duba tsarin ABS yawanci ana yin su ta amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. Ɗayan su shine abin da ake kira adaftar bincike. Don haɗa shi, masana'anta suna samar da mahaɗin bincike na musamman.

Gwajin tsarin yana farawa lokacin da aka kunna wuta. Mahimmancin irin wannan cak shine cewa ta amfani da adaftan zaka iya gano gaban wani kuskuren tsarin. Kowane kuskure an sanya takamaiman lambar, wanda ke ba da damar yin hukunci da rashin aiki na wani kumburi ko kashi na tsarin.

Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura da cewa a mafi yawan lokuta, bincike adaftan na kasafin kudin kashi ba su duba dukan tsarin, amma kawai da engine. Don haka, muna ba da shawarar amfani da cikakken na'urar daukar hotan takardu.

Misali, za mu iya kunna kayan aikin Scan Pro Black Edition wanda Koriya ta yi. Samun guntu 32-bit a kan jirgin, wannan na'urar daukar hotan takardu tana iya bincikar ba kawai injin ba, har ma da sauran abubuwan abin hawa (akwatin gear, watsawa, tsarin ABS, da sauransu) kuma a lokaci guda yana da farashi mai araha.

Wannan na'urar daukar hotan takardu da yawa tana dacewa da yawancin motocin tun 1993, yana nuna ainihin aiki na duk na'urori masu auna firikwensin, VIN abin hawa, nisan mil, nau'in ECU, da sauransu.

Na'urar tana iya auna aikin tsare-tsare daban-daban don kwanciyar hankali a kan wasu lokuta da adana bayanan da aka samu akan kowace na'ura ta iOS, Android ko Windows.

Ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da matakan kariya waɗanda ke ba da damar yin hukunci akan aikin abubuwan tsarin a cikin cibiyoyin sabis na musamman. Duk da haka, ana iya yin wannan aikin a cikin gareji.

Don haka, duk abin da ake buƙata don tantance firikwensin ABS shine mafi ƙarancin saiti na kayan aiki, wanda ya haɗa da: ƙarfe na ƙarfe, multimeter, raguwar zafi da masu haɗawa.

Algorithm na tabbatarwa ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:

• tayar da hankali;
• wargaza sashin sarrafawa da abubuwan sarrafawa;
• haɗin haɗin haɗin gyare-gyare zuwa na'urori masu aunawa;
• auna juriya tare da multimeter

Idan firikwensin bai gaza ba, ohmmeter zai nuna juriya na kusan 1 kOhm. Wannan ƙimar ta dace da aikin firikwensin a hutawa. Yayin da dabaran ke juyawa, ya kamata karatun ya canza. Wannan zai nuna masa gyara. Idan babu canji a cikin karatun, firikwensin ya ɓace.

Ya kamata a lura cewa saboda gyare-gyare daban-daban na na'urori masu auna firikwensin, sigogi na aikin su na iya bambanta. Don haka, kafin la'anta firikwensin, ya kamata ku fara sanin kanku da kewayon aiki, sannan ku yanke shawara game da iyawar sa.

Har ila yau, a cikin yanayin rashin aiki na ABS, wajibi ne a tabbatar da cewa igiyoyin karkashin ruwa ba su lalace ba. Idan an gano fashewar waya, ya zama dole don "sayarwa".

Har ila yau, kar a manta cewa dole ne a haɗa lambobin sadarwa tare da polarity daidai. Ko da yake a mafi yawan lokuta kariya tana haifar da haɗin da ba daidai ba, bai kamata a yi hakan ba. Don sauƙaƙe aikin, yana da kyau a riga an yi alamar igiyoyi masu dacewa tare da alamar ko tef mai rufi.

Gwajin gwajin (multimeter)

Hakanan ana iya gano aikin firikwensin ta amfani da voltmeter. Duk jerin ayyukan gabaɗaya suna kwafi algorithm na baya tare da bambanci ɗaya kawai. Don samun sakamakon da ake so, ya zama dole don ƙirƙirar yanayi a ƙarƙashin abin da dabaran ke juyawa a mitar daidai da 1 rpm.

A abubuwan da aka fitar na firikwensin mai aiki, yuwuwar bambancin zai kasance kusan 0,3 - 1,2 V. Yayin da saurin motsi ya karu, ƙarfin lantarki ya kamata ya karu. Wannan gaskiyar ita ce za ta nuna yanayin aiki na firikwensin ABS.

Duba aikin firikwensin ABS bai iyakance ga wannan ba. Akwai wasu dabaru mafi inganci waɗanda zasu taimaka kawar da kurakurai daban-daban na tsarin ABS.

Oscilloscope

Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, ta amfani da oscilloscope, za ku iya gano katsewar aiki na firikwensin ABS. Ya kamata a lura cewa yin amfani da na'urar da aka gabatar yana buƙatar wasu ƙwarewa. Idan kai ƙwararren mai son rediyo ne, ba zai yi maka wahala ba don yin irin wannan binciken. Amma ga ma'aikaci mai sauƙi, wannan na iya haifar da matsaloli da yawa. Bari mu fara da gaskiyar cewa wannan na'urar za ta kashe ku da gaske.

Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, amfani da shi ya fi dacewa a cikin sabis na musamman. Koyaya, idan ta wasu mu'ujiza wannan na'urar ta wuce gona da iri ta ƙare a garejin ku, zai zama babban taimako ga matakan bincike daban-daban.

Oscilloscope yana nuna siginar lantarki. Ana nuna girman siginar da mitar siginar akan wani allo na musamman, wanda ke ba da cikakkiyar ra'ayi game da aikin wani nau'in tsarin.

A wannan yanayin, ka'idar duba yanayin firikwensin ABS zai dogara ne akan nazarin kwatancen sakamakon da aka samu. Don haka, tsarin gaba ɗaya a matakin farko yana kama da wanda aka yi a baya tare da multimeter, kawai maimakon ma'aunin gwaji, oscilloscope ya kamata a haɗa shi da abubuwan firikwensin.

Hanyar gano cutar shine kamar haka:

• juya dabaran dakatarwa a akai-akai na kusan 2-3 rpm;
• saita ƙimar girman oscillation akan allon oscilloscope.

Da zaran an ɗauki karatun daga firikwensin guda ɗaya, ya zama dole a yi duk ayyuka iri ɗaya tare da na'urar firikwensin da aka sanya a gefe na axis iri ɗaya.

Ya kamata a kwatanta sakamakon da aka samu kuma a yanke shawarar da ta dace:

• tare da ingantacciyar karantawa daidai, ana iya ɗaukar na'urori masu auna gyare-gyare;
• rashin wani abin mamaki lokacin da aka kafa ƙaramin siginar sinusoidal yana nuna cewa firikwensin yana cikin yanayi mai kyau;
• rike da tsayin tsayin daka tare da matsakaicin ƙimar da ba ta wuce 0,5 V ba a gudun da aka bayar: firikwensin yana hidima da aminci.

Kyakkyawan madadin na'urar mai tsada na iya zama aikace-aikace na musamman wanda zaku iya aiwatar da duk ayyukan bincike ta amfani da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na yau da kullun.

Duba firikwensin ba tare da kayan aiki ba

Ana iya yin gwajin firikwensin ABS ba tare da taimakon na'urorin rikodi daban-daban ba. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar maƙarƙashiya kawai ko screwdriver.

Asalin hujjar ita ce, idan wani karfe ya taba tsakiyar abin da ke cikin wutar lantarki, dole ne ya shagaltu da shi. A wannan yanayin, zaku iya yin hukunci akan lafiyar firikwensin. Idan ba haka ba, to, akwai kowane dalili na gaskata cewa firikwensin ya mutu.

Yadda ake gyara kurakuran da aka samu

Bayan matakan bincike sun yi nasara kuma an gano matsalar, ya zama dole a cire abin da ya gaza daga tsarin. Ko yana da firikwensin ABS ko zoben haɓaka, babu buƙatar magana game da maido da aikin sa.

A wannan yanayin, yawanci suna buƙatar maye gurbin su. Keɓanta na iya zama yanayin lokacin da saman aiki na firikwensin ya gurɓata kawai yayin aiki na dogon lokaci. Don yin wannan, zai zama isa ya tsaftace shi daga oxides da datti. A matsayin masu tsaftacewa, yana da kyawawa don amfani da maganin sabulu na yau da kullum. An hana yin amfani da sinadarai sosai.

Idan sashin kulawa ya zama sanadin gazawar, to sake farfado da shi a wasu lokuta na iya haifar da babbar matsala. Koyaya, koyaushe kuna iya buɗewa kuma ku tantance girman bala'i na gani. Dole ne a yi watsi da murfin a hankali don kada ya lalata abubuwan aiki.

Sau da yawa yakan faru cewa sakamakon girgiza, lambobin sadarwa na ɗaya daga cikin tashoshi kawai sun rasa rigidity. Don sake haɗa su zuwa farantin karfe, ba lallai ba ne a sami tanda bakwai a goshin. Don yin wannan, ya isa ya riƙe injin walƙiya mai kyau na bugun jini ko tashar walda.

Lokacin sayar da, yana da mahimmanci a tuna cewa insulator na yumbu block yana da matukar damuwa ga zafi. Sabili da haka, a cikin wannan yanayin, dole ne a kula da cewa ba shi da ƙarin tasirin thermal.