Wani abu a asirce yana bayyana, wani abu yana ɓacewa ƙarƙashin yanayi maras ma'ana

Muna gabatar da jerin abubuwan da ba a saba gani ba, masu ban mamaki da ban mamaki a sararin samaniya da masana ilmin taurari suka yi a cikin 'yan watannin nan. Masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙari su nemo sanannun bayanan kusan kowane lamari. A gefe guda, kowane binciken zai iya canza kimiyya ...

Bacewar ban mamaki na rawanin bakin rami

A karon farko, masana ilmin taurari daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts da sauran cibiyoyi sun lura cewa corona ta kusa katon rami mai baki, zoben ultralight na barbashi masu ƙarfi da ke kewaye da yanayin taron baƙar fata ya faɗi (1). Ba a fayyace dalilin wannan gagarumin sauyi ba, duk da cewa masana kimiyya na zargin cewa tushen bala'in na iya zama tauraro da ya makale sakamakon jajircewar bakar ramin. Star yana iya billa faifan al'amarin da ke jujjuyawa, yana sa duk abin da ke kewaye da shi, gami da barbashi na corona, su faɗo cikin baƙar fata kwatsam. Sakamakon haka, kamar yadda masana ilmin taurari suka lura, a cikin shekara guda kawai an sami raguwar haske da ba zato ba tsammani a cikin abin da ya kai kashi 10.

Bakin rami ya yi girma ga Milky Way

sau saba'in na yawan rana. Masu bincike a Cibiyar Kula da Astronomical ta kasar Sin (NAOC) sun gano wani abu da aka yiwa lakabi da LB-1 yana lalata tunanin zamani. Bisa ga mafi yawan samfuran zamani na juyin halitta, baƙar fata na wannan taro bai kamata ya kasance a cikin galaxy kamar namu ba. Har ya zuwa yanzu, muna tunanin cewa manyan taurari masu nau'in sinadarai irin na Milky Way yakamata su zubar da yawancin iskar gas yayin da suke gabatowa ƙarshen rayuwarsu. Saboda haka, ba za ku iya barin irin waɗannan manyan abubuwa ba. Yanzu masu ilimin tauhidi dole ne su dauki bayanin hanyar samar da abin da ake kira.

m da'irori

Masana ilmin taurari sun gano wasu abubuwa guda hudu masu haske a cikin nau'in zoben da suka fada cikin jeri. igiyoyin rediyo sun yi kusan daidai zagaye da haske a gefuna. Ba kamar kowane nau'in abubuwa na sararin samaniya da aka taɓa gani ba. An sanya wa abubuwan suna ORCs (da'irar rediyo mai ban mamaki) saboda siffarsu da gabaɗayan fasalulluka.

Har yanzu masanan taurari ba su san ainihin nisa da waɗannan abubuwan suke ba, amma suna tsammanin za su iya kasancewa hade da m galaxies. Duk waɗannan abubuwa suna da diamita na kusan minti ɗaya na baka (don kwatanta, mintuna 31 arc). Masana ilmin taurari sun yi hasashen cewa waɗannan abubuwa na iya zama raƙuman girgiza da suka ragu daga wasu abubuwan da suka faru na ban mamaki ko kuma yiwuwar ayyukan galaxy na rediyo.

Mysterious "fashewa" na XIX karni

A yankin kudu Wayyo Milky (duba kuma: ) akwai wani katon nebula mai siffa mai banƙyama, wanda ya ratsa nan da can ta gefen ratsan duhu waɗanda aka san cewa gajimare ne ƙura da ke rataye tsakaninmu da nebula. A tsakiyarsa ne Wannan kel (2), tauraro na binary a cikin ƙungiyar taurarin Kila, yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma, mafi girma, kuma mafi kyawun taurari a cikin Galaxy ɗin mu.

2. Nebula a kusa da Eta Carina

Babban bangaren wannan tsarin shine kato (sau 100-150 mafi girman rana fiye da Rana) tauraro mai canza launin shudi mai haske. Wannan tauraro ba shi da kwanciyar hankali kuma yana iya fashewa a kowane lokaci a matsayin supernova ko ma hypernova (wani nau'in supernova mai iya fitar da fashewar gamma-ray). Yana kwance a cikin babban nebula mai haske wanda aka sani da suna Carina Nebula (Keyhole ko NGC 3372). Bangare na biyu na tsarin shine babban tauraro spectral class O ko tauraron wolf-rayetkuma tsawon lokacin rarraba tsarin shine shekaru 5,54.

Fabrairu 1, 1827, bisa ga bayanin kula da masanin halitta. William Burchell, Wannan ya kai girmansa na farko. Daga nan ya koma na biyu kuma ya kasance a haka har tsawon shekaru goma, har zuwa karshen 1837, lokacin da lokaci mafi ban sha'awa ya fara, wani lokaci ana kiransa "Babban Eruption". Sai kawai a farkon 1838 haske da keel ya zarce hasken mafi yawan taurari. Sa'an nan ya sake fara rage haske, sannan ya ƙara shi.

A watan Afrilu 1843 kimanta lokacin isowa ya kai iyakarsa tauraro mafi haske na biyu a sararin sama bayan Sirius. "Fashewa" ya dade na dogon lokaci mai ban mamaki. Daga nan sai haskensa ya sake dusashewa, yana faduwa zuwa kusan 1900 a shekarar 1940-8, ta yadda ba a iya ganin ido. Koyaya, ba da daɗewa ba ya sake sharewa zuwa 6-7. a cikin 1952. A halin yanzu, tauraron yana kan iyakar iyawar ido tsirara a girman 6,21 m, yana daidaita haske na biyu a 1998-1999.

An yi imanin cewa Eta Carinae yana cikin matsanancin matakin juyin halitta kuma yana iya fashewa a cikin dubun dubatar shekaru har ma ya koma cikin rami mai baki. Duk da haka, halinta na yanzu wani sirri ne. Babu wani samfurin ka'idar da zai iya yin cikakken bayanin rashin zaman lafiyarsa.

Canje-canje masu ban mamaki a cikin yanayin Martian

Lab ɗin ya gano cewa matakan methane a cikin yanayin Martian suna canzawa a asirce. Kuma a bara mun sami wani labari mai ban sha'awa daga wani mutum-mutumin da ya cancanta, a wannan lokacin game da canjin yanayin oxygen a cikin yanayin Martian. An buga sakamakon waɗannan binciken a cikin Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets. Ya zuwa yanzu, masana kimiyya ba su da cikakken bayanin dalilin da ya sa hakan ya kasance. Kamar sauye-sauye a matakan methane, sauye-sauyen matakan oxygen suna da alaƙa da hanyoyin tafiyar da yanayin ƙasa, amma kuma yana iya zama. alamar aiki na rayuwa siffofin.

Tauraro a cikin tauraro

Wani na'urar hangen nesa a Chile kwanan nan ya gano wani abu mai ban sha'awa a kusa Ƙananan Magellanic Cloud. Ya yi alama - MUW 2112. Wannan suna ne mara ban sha'awa ga abin da wataƙila shi ne na farko kuma ya zuwa yanzu shi kaɗai ne wakilin sabon nau'in abin tauraro. Har ya zuwa yanzu, an dauke su gaba daya a matsayin hasashe. Suna da girma da ja. Babban matsa lamba da zafin jiki na waɗannan jikunan taurari na nufin za su iya tallafawa tsari sau uku, wanda 4He Helium nuclei (alpha particles) guda uku suka zama 12C carbon nucleus. Don haka, carbon ya zama kayan gini na dukkan halittu masu rai. Gwajin bakan haske na HV 2112 ya nuna mafi girman adadin abubuwa masu nauyi, gami da rubidium, lithium da molybdenum.

Sa hannun abun ne Thorn-Zhytkov (TŻO), wani nau'in tauraro ne wanda ya kunshi jajayen kato ko kato mai dauke da tauraruwar neutron a cikinsa (3). An gabatar da wannan odar Kip Thorne (duba kuma: ) da Anna Zhitkova a shekarar 1976.

3. Tauraron neutron a cikin giant ja

Akwai yuwuwar yanayi guda uku don fitowar TJO. Na farko yayi hasashen samuwar taurari biyu a cikin dunkulewar duniyoyi masu yawa sakamakon karon taurari biyu, na biyu kuma yayi hasashen fashewar supernova, wanda bai taba yin daidai ba kuma sakamakon neutron na iya fara tafiya tare da wani yanayi daban da nasa. nasa. orbit na asali a kusa da bangare na biyu na tsarin, to, dangane da alkiblar tafiyarsa, tauraron neutron zai iya fadowa daga cikin tsarin, ko kuma tauraronsa ya “shanye” idan ya fara matsawa zuwa gare shi. Hakanan akwai yuwuwar yanayin wanda tauraro na neutron ke shanye da tauraro na biyu, ya koma jajayen kato.

Tsunamis yana lalata taurari

Sabbin bayanai daga Hubble Space Telescope NASA ta ba da sanarwar yiwuwar ƙirƙirar a cikin taurarin mafi girman al'amari a cikin sararin samaniya, wanda aka sani da "tsunnami qusar". Wannan guguwa ce mai ban tsoro da za ta iya lalata duniyar taurari. Nahum Arav na Virginia Tech ya ce "Babu wani al'amari da zai iya tura karin makamashin inji," in ji Nahum Arav na Virginia Tech a cikin wani sakon da ke binciken lamarin. Arav da abokan aikinsa sun bayyana wadannan munanan abubuwan da suka faru a cikin jerin takardu shida da aka buga a cikin The Astrophysical Journal Supplements.