Menene ragowar baya da yadda yake aiki

Ana kiran axle na baya sau da yawa a matsayin katako ko ƙarami, ko akwatin gear watsawa. Abin da yake, yadda yake kama, da kuma yadda yake aiki - karantawa.

 Mene ne gefen baya

Axle na baya abin hawa ne wanda ya haɗu da ƙafafu biyu akan gatari ɗaya, ƙafafun tare da dakatarwa da kuma dakatarwa tare da jiki. A cikin yanayin tuƙi na baya, ana kiran taron akwatin gear watsawa gada. 

Ayyukan axle na baya

Unitungiyar tana yin ayyuka da yawa:

• watsa na karfin juyi Bambancin axle na baya yana ƙaruwa da karfin juyi ta hanyar rashin ƙarfi. Hakanan, gada na iya canza jirgin sama na juyawa na ƙafafun tuki, yana barin ƙafafun su juya na tsaye zuwa ga jiki lokacin da crankshaft ya juya tare da motar motar;
• juyawar ƙafafun tuki a hanyoyi daban-daban masu kusurwa. Ana samun wannan tasirin ne ta hanyar amfani da wani tauraron dan adam (tauraron dan adam mai taimakawa), wanda ke sake rarraba karfin gwargwadon nauyin da ke kan dabaran. Wannan yana ba da damar a sami damar jujjuyawar aminci, musamman ma a cikin babban gudu, kuma kasancewar makullin banbanci yana ba ka damar shawo kan sassan wuya yayin da ƙafafun ɗaya ke zamewa;
• goyon baya ga ƙafafun da jiki. Misali, motocin VAZ 2101-2123, GAZ "Volga" suna da akushin baya na baya, a cikin gidajen (haja) wanda akwai gearbox na axle da axle shaft, da kuma gangunan birki. A wannan yanayin, dakatarwar ta dogara.

A kan ƙarin motoci na zamani, madaidaicin gatari yana ba da babban ikon ƙasa-ƙasa saboda doguwar tafiya ta dakatarwa, taurin kai, da tafiya mai santsi, alal misali, kamar yadda yake a cikin Toyota Land Cruiser 200 SUV.

Na'urar da ƙirar axle na baya a cikin mota

Abubuwa na gargajiya na baya axle:

• akwati (haja), galibi yanki ɗaya, tare da murfi a tsakiya don samun dama zuwa bayan banbancin. A kan motocin UAZ, jiki ya ƙunshi sassa biyu;
• manyan kayan aiki da kayan aiki;
• gidaje masu banbanci (mai haɗa axle a ciki ya haɗu a ciki);
• rabin-axle giya (tauraron dan adam);
• wani saiti na ɗaukar nauyi (kayan kwalliya da banbanci) tare da mai wankin ɓaraka;
• saitin daidaitawa da rufe gaskets.

Ka'idar aiki na baya axle. Lokacin da abin hawa ke tafiya a cikin madaidaiciya, ana watsa karfin juyi ta hanyar murfin bututun mai zuwa ga mashin din mai reducer. Kayan da aka kora yana juyawa saboda jagora, kuma tauraron dan adam din yana juyawa dai-dai daga gare shi (amma ba kusa da gindinsa ba), yana rarraba lokacin zuwa ƙafafun 50:50. 

Lokacin juya mota na sandar axle daya, ya zama dole a juya a mafi saurin gudu, saboda juyawar tauraron dan adam a kusa da sashinta, zuwa wani kankanin lokaci, ana bayar da karfin juyi ga dabarar da aka sauke. Don haka, yana ba da aminci kuma babu jujjuya lokacin da aka fara amfani da shi, lalacewa da ƙananan lalacewar roba.

An bambanta bambance-bambance zuwa iri daban-daban, kowannensu yana yin aiki iri ɗaya, amma yana yin shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Akwai diski, dunƙule, ƙarancin zamewa daban-daban, tare da toshewa mai ƙarfi. Duk wannan yana ba da ikon ƙetare ƙasa, sabili da haka ana amfani da shi akan giciye da SUVs. 

Yadda za'a kula da layin baya. Gyaran axle na buƙatar canjin mai na lokaci-lokaci. Saboda amfani da kayan hypoid, dole ne mai a cikin gearbox ya bi tsarin GL-5. Sau ɗaya a kowane dubu 200-250, zai zama tilas a daidaita facin lamba tsakanin matukan da ake tukawa da tuki, da kuma abubuwan da suke bi. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, tauraron dan adam da mai wankin yanki, zai iya ɗaukar aƙalla kilomita 300. 

Iri taro axle na baya

A yau akwai nau'ikan taro guda uku na baya na axle, suna da bambanci a cikin irin dabaran da goyan bayan axle:

• Semi-daidaita axle shafts;
• cikakken sauke axle shafts;
• dakatarwa mai zaman kanta.

Axle tare da rabi-daidaita axle shafts, yana amintar dasu tare da dunkule masu kama-ciki C a cikin akwatin. An gyara shagon axle tare da spline a cikin akwatin daban, kuma ana tallafawa ta hanyar abin nadi daga gefen dabaran. Don tabbatar da matattarar gada, an sanya hatimin mai a gaban ɗaukar.

Hannun baya tare da madaidaicin raƙuman ruwa ya bambanta a cikin cewa yana watsa karfin juyi zuwa ƙafafun, amma baya karɓar lodi na gefe a cikin nau'in motar. Irin waɗannan sandunan axle galibi ana amfani dasu akan manyan motoci da SUVs, suna da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyi, amma suna da hasara ta babban taro da tsari mai rikitarwa.

Rele axle tare da dakatarwa mai zaman kanta - a nan shaft na axle yana da maɗaukaki na waje da na ciki na daidaitattun saurin kusurwa, yayin da aikin tsayawa ga jiki yana aiki ta hanyar dakatarwa mai zaman kanta, wanda ya ƙunshi akalla 3 levers a gefe ɗaya. Irin waɗannan axles suna da sandunan daidaitawa na camber da yatsan yatsa, suna da fa'idar tafiye-tafiyen dakatarwa, da kuma sauƙin gyara akwatin gear axle na baya saboda sauƙin ƙirar abin da aka makala a cikin ƙasa.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene gadoji akan motar? Akwai ci gaba (amfani da motoci tare da dakatarwar dogaro), tsaga (ana ɗora ƙafafu a kan dakatarwa mai zaman kanta) da kuma tashar tashar (amfani da motoci tare da dakatarwar mahaɗi da yawa tare da haɓaka izinin ƙasa) gada.

Me ake amfani da axles na abin hawa? Wannan rukunin yana haɗa ƙafafun tuƙi kuma yana tabbatar da abin da aka makala su zuwa ga dakatarwa. Yana tsinkaya kuma yana watsa karfin juyi zuwa ƙafafun.

Me ake nufi da gatari na baya? Ana amfani da shi a cikin motoci na baya da masu tuƙi. Tare da taimakonsa, an haɗa ƙafafun axle. Yana ba da jigilar juzu'i zuwa ƙafafun ta yin amfani da igiya na cardan (ya fito daga yanayin canja wuri) da bambanci (ba da damar ƙafafun su juya da kansu a cikin bi da bi).