Menene fasalin mota kuma wane nau'in akwai

Ofaya daga cikin mahimman abubuwa na abin hawa shine tsarin tallafi. Ita ce take ba da damar yin duka ɗaya daga dukkan abubuwan da ke cikin injin. A baya, duk motocin suna da tsarin fasali. Koyaya, bayan lokaci, an maye gurbinsa da wasu nau'ikan, gami da jikin monocoque, wanda ake amfani dashi kusan kusan duk motocin fasinja. Koyaya, har yanzu ana amfani da ɓangaren ɗaukar hoto - akan SUVs da manyan motoci.

Menene tsarin motar: manufa, fa'ida da rashin fa'ida

Jigon motar tsari ne na katako wanda yake aiki azaman tushen ɗora dukkan abubuwanda aka haɗa da majalisu, kamar injin wutar lantarki, abubuwan watsawa, kayan kwalliya, da sauransu. Jiki tare da irin wannan ƙirar tsarin tallafi yana ba da sarari don fasinjoji da kaya, kuma yana yin aikin ado.

Amfani da firam yana ba da damar ba ɓangaren ɗaukar nauyi ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. Sabili da haka, ana amfani dashi a cikin manyan motoci da SUVs. Hakanan yana ba da damar haɓaka haɗin raka'a da hanyoyin tsakanin samfuran azuzuwan daban-daban.

A baya can, masana'antun mota sun samar da katako na mota tare da sassan asali (firam, injin, watsawa, da sauransu), inda aka 'shimfida' nau'ikan gawarwakin.

Firam a cikin motar yana aiki a matsayin "kwarangwal". Tana hango duk wasu abubuwa na ciki dana ciki lokacin da motar ke tafiya kuma koda anyi fakin. Dangane da wannan, ana sanya buƙatu da yawa akan ƙirar motar:

• isa ƙarfi da taurin kai;
• karamin nauyi;
• madaidaicin sifa wanda zai taimaka ga aiki na hankali na dukkan abubuwan motar.

Sashin ɗaukar firam yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Don haka, godiya gare ta, ya zama da sauƙi a tara mota da gyara ta a nan gaba. Babban bambanci tsakanin tsarin firam da tsarin jiki shine cewa kowane ɓarna za a iya sauƙaƙe ta hanyar godiya ga ƙwararren gwani da kayan aiki. Wata fa'ida mai mahimmanci: tuki a kan hanyoyi marasa kyau ba zai cika da gurɓata jiki ba (buɗe ƙofa, ginshiƙai, da sauransu).

Tare da wannan, akwai kuma rashin amfani. Na farko shine ƙaruwa mai yawa cikin nauyin abin hawa saboda kasancewar firam ɗin daban da jiki. Dangane da haka, yawan amfani da mai zai kasance mafi girma. Wani rashin fa'ida shine ana buƙatar ƙarin sarari don sanya membobin gefen ƙarƙashin jikin, wanda ke rikitar da shiga motar kuma yana ɗaukar wani muhimmin ɓangare na ɓangaren fasinjojin.

Hakanan ana lura da raguwa cikin amincin wucewa, tunda akwai yuwuwar sauya yanayin ƙirar dangi zuwa ga jiki yayin tasirin. Sabili da haka, jikin ɗaukar kaya wani ɓangare ne na motar fasinja. A lokaci guda, tsarin fasalin yana fuskantar da kyau tare da mawuyacin yanayin da manyan motoci da SUV suke tuƙawa.

Ire-iren firam

An raba Frames zuwa nau'uka da yawa, sun bambanta a cikin fasalin zane:

• membobin gefe;
• kashin baya;
• sarari.

Wasu nau'ikan suna da rabe-rabe. Hakanan an bambanta nau'ikan haɗakarwa, suna haɗa abubuwan da aka haɗa da nau'ikan firam daban-daban a cikin ƙirar.

Tsarin Spar

Wannan shi ne mafi yawan nau'in. Tsarin ƙirar ya haɗa da katako mai tsawo biyu, waɗanda ake kira spars. Suna shimfidawa cikin jiki kuma suna haɗuwa ta hanyar membobin giciye. An yi katako da ƙarfe. Don haɓaka aikin karkatarwa, ana iya amfani da nau'ikan bayanan martaba na giciye.

Spars ba lallai bane madaidaiciya - wani lokacin suna da lankwasa biyu na tsaye da na kwance. Za a iya samo su duka a layi ɗaya zuwa jirgin sama na kwance, kuma a wani kusurwa, wanda ke cikin SUVs. Hakanan yana yiwuwa tsarin daban na mambobin giciye, saboda abin da aka haɗa spars ɗin. Wannan shine mafi shahararren ginin da aka yi amfani da shi a mafi yawan manyan motoci da SUVs.

Wannan firam ɗin yana da kyau don tuki a kan hanyoyi marasa ƙarfi. Hakanan yana sauƙaƙa gyaran abin hawa da haɗuwa. Rashin dacewar shi ne cewa spars sun ɗauki wani ɓangare mai mahimmanci na gidan kuma suna rikitar da tsarin saukarwa da ɗan.

Spar X-mai siffa

Siffar ta X mai ɗauke da ɗayan nau'in spar. Abinda ke tattare da tsarin shi shine cewa spars na gaba da na baya an sake su, kuma a tsakiyar an rage su sosai. Wannan nau'in yana kama da beech "X", wanda shine dalilin sunansa.

Kewaye

Yana da nau'in spar firam. An fara amfani da wannan nau'ikan a kan manyan motocin fasinja da Turai ta kera da kuma "abubuwan tsoro" daga Amurka a cikin shekarun 60s. A cikin irin waɗannan ginshiƙan, spars ɗin suna da faɗi sosai cewa yayin shigar jikin an same su a bakin ƙofa. Wannan yana ba da damar saukar da matakin ƙasa sosai yayin kuma a lokaci guda rage tsayin injin na nan take.

Babban fa'ida irin wannan injin shine iyakar daidaitawarsa zuwa tasirin gefen. Koyaya, akwai babbar illa - firam ɗin ba zai iya tsayayya da manyan abubuwa ba, don haka dole ne motar mota ta sami ƙarfin da ya dace.

Tsarin kashin baya

Wannan nau'in girar an kirkireshi daga wakilan kamfanin Tatra kuma galibi ana amfani dashi don injunan samfuransa. Babban jigilar bututu ne mai haɗa injin a gaba zuwa abubuwan watsawa waɗanda suke a ciki. A zahiri, bututun yana aiki azaman akwati ɗaya na akwatin gearbox, akwatin canja wuri da shaftan wuta. Ana kawo karfin juyi daga injin zuwa watsawa ta wani shaft da aka sanya a cikin bututun. Bugu da ƙari, wannan shaft ɗin ba katakon katako bane, wanda ke tabbatar da amincin mafi girma.

Wannan ƙirar ƙirar, a haɗe tare da dakatar da ƙafafu mai zaman kanta, yana ba da doguwar tafiya, wanda ke ba shi mahimmanci a cikin motoci na musamman.

Amfani da firam ɗin kashin baya kuma yana da tsananin ƙarfi na torsional, kuma ana iya kiyaye abubuwan watsawa daga tasirin waje. Amma saboda gaskiyar cewa wasu hanyoyin suna cikin tsarin, aikin gyara ya zama mafi rikitarwa.

Vilchato-kunya

Fork-ridge type of frames kuma ci gaban "Tatra". A cikin wannan sigar, injin ɗin ba a haɗe yake da bututun watsawa ba, amma a kan cokali mai yatsu na memba na musamman. Ana yin wannan don rage matakin ɗaukar hoto da aka watsa daga injin konewa na ciki zuwa firam kuma, saboda haka, ga jikin mota. Koyaya, a yau ba a amfani da fayel-cocin cokula masu yatsu a cikin masana'antar kera motoci ba.

Tsarin sarari

Mafi hadaddun nau'in tsarin firam da aka yi amfani da shi don motocin motsa jiki. Wannan tsarin shine firam wanda yake kan bututu mai kaifin bakin ciki kuma yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi sosai. A cikin masana'antar kera motoci, waɗannan hotunan an maye gurbinsu da monocoque, kodayake, ana amfani da irin waɗannan ƙirar a ƙirƙirar motocin bas.

Qazanta tushe

Tushen tallafi wani abu ne tsakanin jiki da tsarin firam. Hakanan ana amfani da spars anan, amma an haɗa su ta ƙasa, ba membobin giciye ba. Mafi girma kuma mashahurin maigidan ƙasa mai ɗaukar nauyi shine Volkswagen Beetle, inda jikin yake a haɗe da falon bene ta hanyar kusoshi. Wani abin hawa da ake samarwa, Renault 4CV, yana da irin wannan ƙira.

Bottomasan da ke ɗaukar kaya yana da cikakkiyar ƙira kuma ana amfani dashi a cikin babban sikelin samarwa. Wannan ƙirar tana ba da damar bene da tsakiyar nauyin abin hawa a kiyaye su ƙasa sosai.

Bearingangaren motar yana da fa'idodi da yawa waɗanda suka sa ya zama ba makawa ga manyan motoci da SUV. Kuma kodayake ana amfani da firam ne kawai don takamaiman nau'ikan motoci, ana amfani da wasu abubuwa na tsarinta sosai, saboda suna ba da damar sa ƙungiyoyin masu tallafi su zama masu tsauri. Kusan kowace motar fasinja tana sanye take da ƙarfafa spars ko ƙananan sigogi.