Menene kuma yadda dakatarwar daidaitawa ke aiki

Hanya ɗaya don inganta dakatarwar mota ita ce daidaita ta da yanayin hanya, saurin gudu, ko salon tuƙi. Yana yiwuwa a aiwatar da wannan tare da amfani da kayan aiki na lantarki da lantarki mai sauri, pneumatic da hydraulic actuators. Mota iri ɗaya, tare da saurin canji a halaye na dakatarwa, na iya samun damar mutum ɗaya na motar motsa jiki na hanya, SUV ko motar haske. Ko kuma kawai inganta jin daɗin fasinja sosai.

Tushen tsara daidaitawa

Don samun ikon daidaitawa zuwa tasirin waje ko umarnin direba, dakatarwar dole ne ta sami hali mai aiki. Hanyoyin wucewa koyaushe suna amsawa ba tare da shakka ba ga wasu tasiri. Masu aiki suna iya canza halayensu. Don yin wannan, suna da na'ura mai sarrafa lantarki, wanda shine kwamfutar da ke tattara bayanai daga na'urori masu auna sigina da sauran tsarin abin hawa, suna karɓar umarni daga direba kuma, bayan sarrafawa, saita yanayin zuwa masu kunnawa.

Kamar yadda ka sani, dakatarwar ta ƙunshi abubuwa na roba, na'urorin damping da vane jagora. A ka'ida, yana yiwuwa a sarrafa duk wadannan aka gyara, amma a aikace ya isa sosai don canza kaddarorin dampers (shock absorbers). Wannan yana da sauƙin yi tare da aiki mai karɓuwa. Ko da yake idan ba a buƙatar saurin amsawa ba, alal misali, yanayin filin ajiye motoci, canje-canje a cikin yarda ko taurin kai yana ƙarƙashin gyare-gyare, to yana yiwuwa a daidaita tsarin dakatarwa don duk abubuwan da aka gyara.

Don daidaitawa na aiki, zai zama dole a la'akari da sigogin shigarwa da yawa:

• bayanai kan rashin ka'ida a saman hanya, na yanzu da masu zuwa;
• saurin motsi;
• shugabanci, wato kusurwar jujjuyawar steered wheels da angular acceleration na mota gaba ɗaya;
• matsayi da saurin juyawa na tuƙi;
• bukatu na direba bisa ga nazarin salon tukinsa, da kuma waɗanda aka shigar a cikin yanayin aikin hannu;
• matsayi na jiki dangane da hanya, ma'auni na canjinsa a tsawon lokaci;
• siginar firikwensin nau'in radar wanda ke nazarin yanayin ɗaukar hoto a gaban motar;
• Accelerations na mota, injina da tsarin birki na tsarin aiki.

Shirin toshewar sarrafawa ya ƙunshi algorithms don amsa duk sigina masu shigowa da kuma tara bayanai. Yawancin lokaci ana aika umarni zuwa ga masu ɗaukar girgizar da ke sarrafa wutar lantarki na dukkan ƙafafun, ɗaiɗaiku ga kowane, da kuma zuwa ga ma'auni masu aiki na sandunan anti-roll. Ko zuwa na'urorin da ke musanya su lokacin aiki azaman ɓangare na cikakken tsarin dakatarwar da aka sarrafa ta ruwa, da kuma mafi kyawun samfuran fasaha waɗanda ke aiki kawai akan hulɗar lantarki. A cikin yanayin ƙarshe, saurin amsawa yana da girma wanda kusan kusan ɗabi'a mai kyau za a iya samu daga aikin dakatarwa.

Tsarin Tsarin

Haɗin ya haɗa da na'urori waɗanda ke tabbatar da ƙa'idodin kaddarorin damping da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, gami da rage jujjuyawar jiki:

• mai kula da dakatarwa tare da microprocessor, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da da'irori na I/O;
• hanyoyi masu aiki don yin birgima (sandunan anti-roll masu sarrafawa);
• hadaddun na'urori masu auna firikwensin;
• shock absorbers da damar lantarki sarrafa taurin.

Gudanar da dashboard, galibi wannan nuni ne na mu'amala da kan-board, direba na iya saita ɗayan hanyoyin aiki gwargwadon abubuwan da yake so. An ba da izinin rinjaye na ta'aziyya, wasanni ko ikon kashe hanya, da ƙarin gyare-gyare na ayyuka tare da ƙwaƙwalwar yanayi. Za'a iya sake saita haɓakar tarawa da sauri zuwa saitunan asali.

Abubuwan buƙatu don masu daidaitawa mai jujjuyawa koyaushe suna da rigima. A gefe guda, manufarsu ita ce tabbatar da ƙarancin jujjuyawar jiki. Amma ta wannan hanyar dakatarwar ta sami hali na dogara, wanda ke nufin an rage ta'aziyya. Lokacin tuki a kan munanan hanyoyi, siffa mafi mahimmanci zai zama ma'anar 'yanci na kowane ƙafafu don cimma iyakar ƙira na axles. Ta wannan hanyar kawai, duk wuraren ajiyar tafiye-tafiye na dakatarwa za a yi amfani da su sosai don tabbatar da tuntuɓar tayoyin tare da sutura. A stabilizer tare da m m, wanda yawanci shi ne mai sauki mashaya na bazara karfe, aiki a kan ka'idar torsion bar, ba zai iya yin aiki daidai da kyau a kowane yanayi.

A cikin dakatarwa mai aiki, an raba stabilizer, tare da yuwuwar tsarin lantarki. Za'a iya amfani da ka'idoji daban-daban don sarrafa raƙuman ƙima. Wasu masana'antun suna amfani da preload don jujjuya ta motar lantarki tare da akwatin gear, wasu suna amfani da hanyar hydraulic, shigar da silinda na hydraulic akan stabilizer ko abin da aka makala a jiki. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a kwaikwayi madaidaicin sanda gabaɗaya tare da silinda na hydraulic guda ɗaya waɗanda ke aiki a layi daya tare da abubuwan roba.

Daidaitaccen buguwa

Mai ɗaukar girgiza na al'ada yana da dukiyar canza ƙarfinsa mai ƙarfi dangane da sauri da haɓaka motsin sanda. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar tsarin bawul ɗin magudanar ruwa wanda ruwan damp ɗin ke gudana ta cikinsa.

Don sarrafa sarrafa magudanar ruwa, hanyoyi biyu suna yiwuwa - shigar da bawul ɗin lantarki irin na spool ko canza kaddarorin ruwa a cikin filin maganadisu. Masu kera suna amfani da hanyoyi guda biyu, na biyu ƙasa da sau da yawa, tun da zai buƙaci ruwa na musamman wanda ke canza danko a cikin filin maganadisu.

Babban bambance-bambancen aiki na dakatarwar daidaitawa

Dakatar da aiki tare da kadarorin daidaitawa suna ba da ikon sarrafa halayen mabukaci na mota ta kowace hanya:

• jiki kullum yana kula da matsayi da aka ba da alaka da hanya, ƙetare wanda aka ƙaddara kawai ta hanyar saurin tsarin daidaitawa;
• ƙafafun suna da matsakaicin madaidaicin madaidaicin lamba tare da sutura;
• matakin haɓakawa a cikin gida daga bumps yana da ƙasa da ƙasa fiye da dakatarwar gargajiya, wanda ke ƙara jin daɗin tafiya;
• motar tana da mafi kyawun sarrafawa kuma mafi kwanciyar hankali a babban gudu;
• mafi yawan ci gaba na tsarin na iya tsammanin bumps ta hanyar duba hanyar da ke gaba da ƙafafun da kuma daidaita dampers a gaba.

Rashin hasara, kamar yadda yake tare da duk tsarin hadaddun, shine daya - babban rikitarwa da haɗin kai da aminci da alamun farashi. Don haka, ana amfani da dakatarwar daidaitawa a cikin ɓangaren ƙima ko azaman kayan aiki na zaɓi.

Algorithms na aiki da saitin kayan aiki koyaushe suna ƙara haɓaka da haɓakawa. Babban burin ci gaba a fagen aiki na dakatarwa na daidaitawa shine don cimma matsakaicin sauran jikin motar, duk abin da ya faru da ƙafafun da ƙungiyoyin da ba su da alaƙa. A wannan yanayin, duk ƙafafun hudu dole ne su ci gaba da tuntuɓar hanyar, tare da ajiye motar a kan yanayin da aka ba su.