Menene motar ƙarshe da bambancin motar

Menene direba na ƙarshe

Babban kayan aiki shine sashin watsa motar, wanda ke juyawa, rarrabawa da watsa juzu'i zuwa ƙafafun tuƙi. Dangane da ƙira da rabon kaya na manyan nau'ikan biyu, an ƙaddara ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki. Me yasa muke buƙatar bambanci, tauraron dan adam, da sauran sassan gearbox - za mu yi la'akari da gaba.

Yadda yake aiki 

Ka'idar aiki na bambanci: yayin da motar ke motsawa, aikin injin yana canza jujjuyawar da ke taruwa a kan jirgin sama, kuma ana watsa shi ta hanyar kama ko mai jujjuya mai jujjuya zuwa akwatin gear, sannan ta hanyar katako na cardan ko gear helical ( motar gaba), a ƙarshe ana watsa lokacin zuwa manyan biyu da ƙafafun. Babban halayen GP (manyan biyu) shine rabon kaya. Wannan ra'ayi yana nuna rabon adadin hakora na babban kayan aiki zuwa shank ko gear helical. Ƙarin cikakkun bayanai: idan yawan hakora na kayan aiki shine 9 hakora, kayan da aka yi amfani da su shine 41, sa'an nan kuma ta hanyar rarraba 41: 9 za mu sami rabo na gear na 4.55, wanda motar fasinja ta ba da fa'ida a cikin hanzari da raguwa, amma mummunan yana rinjayar iyakar gudu. Don ƙarin injina masu ƙarfi, ƙimar yarda da manyan biyun na iya bambanta daga 2.1 zuwa 3.9. 

Tsarin aiki daban-daban:

• An bayar da karfin juzu'i ga kayan aikin tuki, wanda, saboda tsananin hakora, yana canza shi zuwa kayan da aka kora;
• kayan da aka kora da kopin, saboda juyawa, yasa tauraron dan adam yayi aiki;
• tauraron dan adam a ƙarshe yana watsa lokacin a kan rabin axle;
• idan bambancin kyauta ne, to tare da kaya iri ɗaya a kan raƙuman axle, za a rarraba karfin juzu'in 50:50, yayin da tauraron dan adam ba ya aiki, amma juyawa tare da giya, yana kwatanta juyawarsa;
• lokacin da ake juyawa, inda aka loda ƙafa ɗaya, saboda giragizan ƙarfe, ɗaya ƙullin axle yana jujjuya sauri, ɗayan a hankali.

Karshe na'urar aiki

Babban sassan GPU da na'urar banbanci:

• kayan motsa jiki - yana karɓar juzu'i kai tsaye daga akwatin gear ko ta cardan;
• kayan motsa jiki - yana haɗa GPU da tauraron dan adam;
• mai ɗauka - gidaje don tauraron dan adam;
• hasken rana;
• tauraron dan adam.

Rarraba abubuwan tafiyarwa na ƙarshe

A yayin ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci, ana sabunta zamani daban-daban, ingancin kayan aiki yana inganta, da kuma amincin naúrar.

Ta hanyar yawan adadin amintattu

• guda (classic) - taron ya ƙunshi tuki da kayan motsa jiki;
• biyu - ana amfani da nau'i-nau'i biyu na gears, inda nau'i-nau'i na biyu ke samuwa a kan ma'auni na ƙafafun motar. Irin wannan makircin ana amfani da shi akan manyan motoci da bas kawai don samar da ƙarin adadin kayan aiki.

Ta hanyar nau'in haɗin gear

• cylindrical - ana amfani da motoci na gaba tare da injin juzu'i, ana amfani da gear helical da nau'in haɗin gwiwar chevron;
• conical - yafi don motar baya, da kuma gaban axle na motar motar gaba ɗaya;
• hypoid - galibi ana amfani da su akan motocin fasinja tare da tuƙi na baya.

Ta hanyar shimfidawa

• a cikin akwatin gearbox (gaba-dabaran da ke wucewa ta mota), manyan biyun da kuma banbancin suna cikin gidan gearbox, kayan aikin na helical ne ko na chevron;
• a cikin keɓantaccen mahalli ko safa na axle - ana amfani da shi don tuƙi na baya-baya da kuma duk abin hawa, inda ake watsa jujjuyawar juzu'i zuwa akwatin gear ta hanyar sandar cardan.

Manyan ayyuka

• gazawar nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan - a cikin akwatunan gear, ana amfani da bearings don ba da damar bambance-bambancen juyawa. Wannan shine ɓangaren mafi rauni wanda ke aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyi mai mahimmanci (gudu, canjin yanayin zafi). Lokacin da ake sawa rollers ko ƙwallaye, abin da ke ɗauke da shi yana fitar da humm, wanda ƙarar sa yana ƙaruwa gwargwadon saurin motar. Marashin da sauƙaƙewa da zai maye gurbin mai da hankali don magance goron gonar da babban biyu, daga baya - ga sauyawa na taron jama'ar, gami da tauraron dan adam da tauraron dan adam;
• haifar da haƙoran GP da tauraron ɗan adam. Yankunan shafawa na sassan suna iya sanyawa, tare da kowane kilomita dubu dari na gudu, hakoran haƙora biyu suna gogewa, ratar da ke tsakanin su tana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da haɓaka da raɗaɗi. Don wannan, ana ba da daidaiton facin lamba, saboda ƙari na masu wanzuwa;
• shearing na hakora na GPU da tauraron dan adam - yana faruwa idan kuna farawa sau da yawa tare da zamewa;
• lasa na splined part a kan axle shafts da tauraron dan adam - lalacewa da tsagewar halitta bisa ga nisan miloli na mota;
• juya hannun rigar axle - yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa motar a cikin kowane kayan aiki zai tsaya har yanzu, kuma akwatin gear zai juya;
• zubar mai - mai yiyuwa ne sakamakon karuwar matsin lamba a cikin crankcase na daban saboda toshe numfashi ko kuma saboda keta matsi na murfin gearbox.

Yadda sabis ke aiki

Ba safai ake aiki da gearbox ba, yawanci komai ya iyakance ga canza mai. A kan gudu sama da kilomita 150, yana iya zama dole don daidaita ɗaukar kaya, da kuma facin tuntuɓar da ke tsakanin matatar da abin tuki. Lokacin canza mai, yana da matukar mahimmanci a tsaftace rami daga dattin lalacewa (ƙananan ƙanana) da datti. Ba lallai ba ne a yi amfani da flushing na axle reducer, ya isa a yi amfani da lita 000 na man dizal, bari sashin ya yi aiki da ƙananan hanzari.

Nasihu kan yadda za a tsawanta aikin GPU da bambanci:

• canza mai a lokacin da ya dace, kuma idan yanayin tuki naka yafi wasa, motar tana haƙuri da manyan lodi (tuƙi cikin sauri, jigilar kayayyaki);
• lokacin canza masana'antun mai ko canza danko, zubar da gearbox;
• tare da nisan nisan sama da kilomita 200, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ƙari. Me yasa kuke buƙatar ƙari - molybdenum disulfide, a matsayin ɓangare na ƙari, yana ba ku damar rage juzu'i na sassa, sakamakon abin da zafin jiki ya ragu, man fetur yana riƙe da kaddarorinsa tsawon lokaci. Ka tuna cewa tare da lalacewa mai karfi na manyan nau'i-nau'i, ba shi da ma'ana don amfani da ƙari;
• a guji zamewa.

Tambayoyi & Amsa:

Menene babban kayan aiki don? Babban kayan aikin wani bangare ne na watsa mota (Gears guda biyu: tuƙi da tuƙi), wanda ke jujjuya karfin juyi da canja shi daga injin zuwa ga tuƙi.

Menene bambanci tsakanin tuƙi na ƙarshe da bambanci? Babban kayan aiki shine ɓangaren gearbox, wanda aikinsa shine watsa juzu'i zuwa ƙafafun, kuma ana buƙatar bambancin don ƙafafun su sami nasu saurin jujjuyawarsu, misali, lokacin kusurwa.

Menene manufar babban kayan aiki a cikin watsawa? Akwatin gear yana karɓar juzu'i daga injin tashi sama ta kwandon kama. Biyu na farko na gears a cikin akwatin gear shine maɓalli mai mahimmanci a juyar da juzu'i zuwa gadar tuƙi.