Menene plywood?
Abubuwa
Alkalan katako ko “sheets” sun ƙunshi sirara guda uku ko fiye na itacen dabi’a manne tare.
An san masu yadudduka da "yadudduka", saboda haka sunan "plywood". A matsayinka na mai mulki, mafi girma plywood, yawancin yadudduka yana da.
Abu ne mai mahimmanci tare da aikace-aikace masu yawa, daga bango da rufin bene zuwa gyare-gyare na kankare, kayan zane da marufi.
Plywood yana da ƙarfi sosai fiye da wasu kayan da aka yi da itace kamar su matsakaicin yawa fiberboard (MDF).
Duba shafin mu Menene MDF?, don ƙarin bayani akan Matsakaicin Maɗaukaki Fibreboard.
Ƙarfin plywood shine saboda gaskiyar cewa jagorancin zaruruwan kowane Layer yana musanya game da yadudduka da ke kusa.
Juyawar alkiblar hatsi na kowane Layer, wanda ake kira hatsin giciye, sau da yawa digiri 90 ne (kusurwar dama). Wannan yana nufin cewa hatsin junan su yana daidaitawa a hanya guda, kuma Layer yana daidaitawa a kusurwa 90 a tsakanin su. Koyaya, kusurwar juyawa na iya zama ƙasa da digiri 30. A cikin wasu katako mai kauri, ana iya shirya layuka bakwai a jere a kusurwoyin 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, da 180 digiri).
Juyawa hatsi yana da yawan fa'idodi. Wannan:
Yana rage damar rarrabuwa lokacin da aka ƙusa zanen gado a gefuna
Yana rage haɓakawa da raguwa don ingantacciyar kwanciyar hankali
Yana ba plywood ingantaccen ƙarfi a duk kwatance a cikin jirgi.
Takaitaccen Tarihin Plywood
Egyptasar Misira
Kayayyakin katako da aka yi a tsohuwar Masar a shekara ta 3500 BC sune farkon sanannun misalan amfani da katako. An yi su ne daga saƙar baƙar fata wanda aka manne da giciye, kamar katako na zamani.
China, Ingila da Faransa
Kimanin shekaru 1,000 da suka gabata. Sinawa sun shirya itace da manna shi don yin kayan daki.
Biritaniya da Faransanci sun yi allunan akan tsarin gama gari daga plywood a ƙarni na 17 da 18.
Daga gida zuwa gini
Misalai na farko na plywood, yawanci ana yin su daga katako na ado, galibi ana amfani da su wajen samar da kayan gida kamar su kabad, ƙirji, tebura, da kofofi.
Plywood mai laushi don amfani da ginin ya bayyana a cikin karni na 20.
Me ake amfani dashi?
Babban kewayon aikace-aikace
Yawan amfani don plywood, na ciki da waje, da alama ba su da iyaka. A cikin gine-gine, ana iya amfani dashi a bango, benaye, rufin da matakala; a matsayin tsari (nau'in nau'i) don riƙe kankare yayin saiti; kuma a cikin firam na wucin gadi don siffata bulo ko dutse lokacin da ake shirya buɗaɗɗen buɗe ido.
Furniture
Har ila yau ana amfani da plywood sosai wajen kera kayan daki.
Marufi, ƙirar ƙira da saman zane-zane
Sauran aikace-aikacen sun haɗa da amintattun marufi, wasanni da kayan wasa, har ma da jikin wasu motoci da jiragen sama masu haske.
Ana yawan amfani da katako mai sirara wajen yin samfura, kuma wasu masu fasaha suna yin fenti a kai bayan an lulluɓe shi da filasta, abin da ke ba da wani wuri mai ɗan ƙanƙara wanda ke riƙe da fenti da kyau.
An ƙera shi don Maƙasudai na Musamman
An tsara nau'ikan plywood daban-daban don takamaiman dalilai. Alal misali, an yi amfani da plywood mai ƙarfi da aka yi daga mahogany da/ko birch wajen kera wasu jiragen yakin duniya na biyu, yayin da katakon ruwa da aka yi daga fuska mai ƙarfi da kuma a cikin veneers waɗanda ke da ƙarancin lahani suna yin mafi kyau a yanayin jika da ɗanɗano.
Fasali
Karfi
Plywood yana da ƙarfi, gabaɗaya yana da juriya ga lalacewar tasiri, ingantacciyar haske, kuma mai sauƙin yankewa da "aiki" tare da kayan aiki.
Yana da kyau a matsayin kayan takarda don ƙirƙira ko rufe manyan, lebur, ƙwanƙwasa ko ma siffofi kamar bango, benaye, wasu nau'ikan rufin da manyan kwantena.
Da amfani ga hadadden aiki
Wasu nau'ikan plywood sun dace da aiki mai rikitarwa, kamar yin samfura, wasanin gwada ilimi na katako, da ƙananan kwalaye.
Manyan bangarori da sauri suna rufe manyan wurare
Saboda plywood yana samuwa a cikin manyan bangarori, ana iya rufe manyan wurare tare da ƙananan haɗin gwiwa, kuma zaɓi mai yawa na kauri ya sa ya dace da aikace-aikacen da yawa daga ƙwanƙwasa mai kauri zuwa bakin ciki.
Yaya ake yin plywood?
Samar da plywood yawanci yana buƙatar katako da ake kira "hullers" waɗanda suka fi girma a diamita kuma sun fi tsayi fiye da matsakaicin gunkin da aka yanke itace daga ciki.
Ana cire bawon kafin a yi zafi da bawon a jika na tsawon awanni 12 zuwa 40 kafin a yanka.
Sa'an nan a sanya shi a cikin wata babbar injin bawo a juya a kusa da doguwar axis ...
… yayin da dogon ruwa ke raba ci gaba da takarda ko Layer daga log ɗin. 
An yanke doguwar takardar zuwa sassa na tsawon asali da nisa, kuma ana bincika saman don lahani. 
Sa'an nan kuma ana danna yadudduka kuma an haɗa su tare, kuma an yanke allunan da aka samu zuwa girman su na ƙarshe.
Aiki na ƙarshe shine yawanci niƙa - daidaitawa - allo. Wasu allunan an shafe su (kamar melamine ko acrylic) kuma an rufe gefunansu.
Menene nau'ikan plywood?
Kewayon plywood yana da girma sosai. Wadannan su ne wasu manyan nau'ikan da ake da su. Yi magana da mai siyar da magina ko duba kan layi idan kuna neman wani abu na musamman don saduwa da takamaiman buƙatu.
Coniferous plywood
Wannan nau'in katako ne na yau da kullun da ake amfani da shi musamman wajen gini da aikace-aikacen masana'antu.
Hardwood plywood
Wannan nau'in yana da ƙarin ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Ƙarfinsa ga lalacewa da lalacewa ya sa ya dace da wurare masu tsanani ciki har da benaye da bango.
plywood na wurare masu zafi
An yi shi daga dazuzzukan wurare masu zafi na Asiya, Afirka da Kudancin Amurka, wannan plywood ya zarce katako mai laushi saboda ƙara ƙarfinsa da ƙanƙara na plies. Shi ne zaɓin da aka fi so na mutane da yawa a cikin masana'antar gine-gine. Wasu samfurori suna da nau'i mai ban sha'awa da launi, suna sa su dace da amfani da su a wasu nau'ikan kayan daki.
Aviation plywood
An yi shi daga mahogany ko birch, kuma sau da yawa duka, wannan katako mai ƙarfi yana da plies tare da manne wanda yake da tsayayya ga zafi da danshi. An yi amfani da shi don wasu jiragen sama a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu kuma ana amfani dashi a yau a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri da ke buƙatar irin wannan ƙarfi da dorewa.
Plywood na ado
Wannan plywood yana da wani katako na waje mai ban sha'awa don amfani a cikin kayan daki, allon bango da sauran aikace-aikacen "mai inganci". Sauran nau'ikan kayan ado na waje sun haɗa da mold da resin takarda mai ciki.
m plywood
Plywood mai sassauƙa, wani lokaci ana kiranta da "hat plywood" saboda amfani da shi a cikin huluna "chimney" a zamanin Victoria, an yi amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar siffofi masu lanƙwasa.
marine plywood
Plywood na ruwa, kamar yadda sunansa ya nuna, shine zaɓi don jiragen ruwa da sauran aikace-aikacen da yawa inda aka ci karo da yanayin rigar da rigar. Yana da tsayayya ga harin fungal da delamination - lokacin da yadudduka suka fara lalata, yawanci saboda bayyanar dampness. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa shine cewa ya fi tsada fiye da sauran nau'in plywood.
plywood mai hana wuta
Wannan itacen itacen da ake bi da shi da sinadarai don ƙara juriyar wuta.
Plywood laminated da phenol
Ana narkar da laminate mai zafi a saman wannan katako. Ana iya barin saman santsi don aikin tsari-misali, ƙirar ƙira don simintin siminti ko tsarin wucin gadi don riƙe baka na bulo da sauran nau'ikan a wurin har sai turmi ya saita-ko kuma ana iya danna alamu a ciki don maras zamewa ko kayan ado. gama. Aikace-aikace.
Wadanne girma ne akwai?
Matsakaicin girman takarda da mafi ƙanƙanta sau da yawa ya dogara da takamaiman nau'in plywood, amma mafi girman daidaitaccen girman shine 4ft da 8ft (1220mm x 2440mm). Ana samun mafi girma da ƙananan zanen gado sau da yawa, yawanci a cikin haɓaka ƙafa 1 (300 mm).
Plywood kauri ya bambanta daga 1/16" (1.4mm) zuwa 1" (25mm), kodayake akwai zanen gado mai kauri don wasu aikace-aikace na musamman.
Yaya ake jerawa plywood?
An rarraba nau'ikan plywood daban-daban, dangane da nau'in itacen da aka yi daga ko ƙasar asali. Ƙimar tana nufin ingancin itacen da aka yi amfani da su, ko ɗaya ko duka na waje ko saman suna da ƙarancin lahani ko yawa, da kuma ko an cire wasu lahani yayin aikin masana'antu.
Misali, samfuran birch plywood:
S class (mafi girma) - ƙananan abubuwa da halaye kawai
Darajojin BB (matsakaici) - shigar da faci na oval suna maye gurbin kowane babban kulli da lahani.
Grade WG (ƙasa) - buɗe lahani akan ƙananan kulli tare da wasu gyare-gyare mafi girma ƙulli.
Class C (mafi ƙasƙanci) - buɗe lahani da aka yarda
Akwai kuma Brazilian, Chilean, Finnish, Rashanci, Yaren mutanen Sweden da sauran nau'ikan iri. Kafin siyan, duba ƙimar plywood don tabbatar da cewa plywood ya cika ka'idodin aikin musamman.
Menene ma'auni na plywood?
Akwai ma'auni daban-daban - Turai da BS (Ka'idodin Biritaniya) - don plywood da ake amfani da su a cikin aikace-aikace iri-iri.
Misali, a cikin sassan gine-gine, ƙa'idodin Turai don bangarorin katako na EN 13986 yana buƙatar plywood da ake amfani da su a cikin ginin don saduwa da ɗayan azuzuwan wasan kwaikwayon uku a cikin EN 636, kuma masu siyarwa dole ne su ba da tabbacin hakan.
Azuzuwan wasan kwaikwayon sun dogara ne akan juriya na plywood da ake amfani da su a sassa daban-daban na gine-gine kamar rufin rufin, ɓangarori, benaye, da bangon waje da aka ƙera katako.
Wasu nau'ikan sun haɗu da kyakkyawan juriya na yanayi da kaddarorin ƙarfin waje don saduwa da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodi kamar BS 1088 (plywood don amfani da ruwa), yayin da ma'aunin tsarin tsarin BS 5268-2: 2002 ya shafi ƙarfin plywood, ana amfani da shi a cikin aikin gini. Yana da kyau a bincika ko katakon da kuke siyan ya yi daidai da ma'auni don amfanin da aka yi niyya.
