Me kuke buƙatar sani game da hasken mota?

Hasken mota

Hasken mota. Tushen farko na hasken mota shine gas acetylene. Matukin jirgi da mai tsara jirgin sama Louis Blériot ya ba da shawarar amfani da shi don hasken hanya a 1896. Sanya fitilolin mota na acetylene al'ada ce. Da farko dole ne ka buɗe famfo akan janareta acetylene. Don haka ruwa yana digowa akan sinadarin calcium carbide. Wanda ke kasan gangar jikin. An kafa acetylene ta hanyar hulɗar carbide da ruwa. Wanda ke shiga yumbu mai ƙonawa ta cikin bututun roba waɗanda ke mayar da hankali ga mai haskakawa. Amma dole ne ya tsaya don ba fiye da sa'o'i hudu ba - don sake buɗe fitilun mota, tsaftace shi daga soot kuma ya cika janareta da sabon sashi na carbide da ruwa. Amma fitilun carbide sun haskaka da ɗaukaka. Misali, wanda kamfanin Westphalian Metal Company ya kirkira a 1908.

Ruwan tabarau na Haske Mota

Wannan babban sakamakon ya samu ne sakamakon amfani da tabarau da kuma abubuwan da suke nunawa. Motocin filament na farko sun sami izinin mallaka a cikin 1899. Daga kamfanin Faransa Bassee Michel. Amma har zuwa 1910, fitilun carbon ba su da tabbas. Ba shi da tattalin arziki sosai kuma yana buƙatar manyan batura masu nauyi. Hakan ma ya dogara da tashoshin caji. Babu wasu injunan samar da mota masu dacewa da karfin da ya dace. Sannan kuma an sami juyin-juya-hali a cikin fasahar haske. Filament an fara yin shi ne daga tungsten mai ƙyama tare da narkar da 3410 ° C. Mota ta farko da aka samar da wutar lantarki, haka zalika an fara amfani da lantarki da wuta a 1912, Cadillac Model 30 Self Starter.

Hasken mota da haske

Matsalar makanta. A karo na farko, matsalar fitowar direbobi masu zuwa sun tashi tare da fitilun fitilun mota. Sun yi yaƙi da ita ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Sun motsa abin nunawa, cire hasken haske daga inda yake, saboda manufa daya da wutar kanta. Sun kuma sanya labule iri-iri da makafi a cikin hanyar haske. Kuma lokacin da aka kunna fitila mai haskakawa a cikin fitilun wuta, yayin tafiye-tafiye masu zuwa, har ila yau an haɗa ƙarin juriya a cikin wutan lantarki, wanda ya rage haske. Amma mafi kyawun bayani ya fito ne daga Bosch, wanda a cikin 1919 ya kirkiro fitila tare da fitilu guda biyu masu haske. Don katako mai tsayi da ƙananan. A wancan lokacin, an riga an ƙirƙira gilashin hasken fitila wanda aka rufe shi da tabarau mai haske. Wanne yana karkatar da hasken fitila ƙasa da gefe. Tun daga wannan lokacin, masu zanen kaya sun fuskanci matsaloli biyu masu adawa.

Fasaha motar fitila

Haskaka hanya gwargwadon iko kuma ku guji jan hankali direbobi masu zuwa. Zaka iya ƙara haske na kwararan fitila mara haske ta hanyar ɗaga yanayin zafin filament. Amma a lokaci guda, tungsten ya fara ƙafewa sosai. Idan akwai wuri a cikin fitilar, atoms din tungsten a hankali zasu sauka akan kwan fitilar. Shafi daga ciki tare da farin duhu. An samo maganin matsalar a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na .aya. Tun daga 1915, fitilun sun cika da cakuda argon da nitrogen. Kwayoyin iskar gas suna samar da wani irin shinge wanda yake hana tungsten yin danshi. Kuma an ɗauki mataki na gaba tuni a ƙarshen 50s. An cika kwalba da halides, mahaɗan gas na iodine ko bromine. Suna haɗuwa da tungsten da aka huce kuma suna mayar dashi cikin murfin.

Hasken mota. Halogen fitilu

Hellane ta farko da aka fara amfani da ita ga mota Hella ce ta gabatar da ita a 1962. Sabuntar fitila mai ba ka damar ƙara yawan zafin jiki na aiki daga 2500 K zuwa 3200 K. Wannan yana ƙaruwa fitowar haske sau ɗaya da rabi, daga 15 lm / W zuwa 25 lm / W. A lokaci guda, rayuwar fitila ta ninka sau biyu kuma an rage canjin zafi daga 90% zuwa 40%. Kuma girman ya zama karami. Kuma an dauki babban matakin magance matsalar makauniya a tsakiyar shekarun 50. A cikin 1955, kamfanin Faransa Cibie ya gabatar da shawarar rarraba asymmetric na kusa da katako. Kuma bayan shekaru biyu, hasken asymetric ya halatta a Turai. A cikin 1988, ta amfani da kwamfuta, ana iya haɗa haske na ellipsoidal da hasken wuta.

Juyin halittar fitilun mota.

Hasken fitilar ya kasance zagaye na tsawon shekaru. Wannan shine mafi sauƙi kuma mafi arha nau'in mai nuna alamar parabolic don ƙerawa. Amma iskar iskar ta fara busa fitilar mota a kan shingen motar sannan ta juye da'irar zuwa murabba'i, 6 Citroen AMI 1961 sanye take da fitila mai kusurwa huɗu. Waɗannan fitilun sun fi wahalar ƙerawa, sun buƙaci ƙarin sarari don ɗakin injin, amma tare da ƙaramin girman a tsaye, suna da yanki mai girman haske da ƙara haske. Don yin haske ya haskaka a ƙaramin girman, ya zama dole a ba da mai nuna alamar fasali har ma da zurfin zurfi. Kuma yana ɗaukar lokaci mai yawa. Gabaɗaya, ƙirar ƙirar al'ada ba ta dace da ƙarin ci gaba ba.

Hasken mota. Masu nunawa.

Sannan kamfanin Ingilishi Lucas ya ba da shawara ta amfani da mai nuna homofocal, haɗewar paraboloids biyu da aka yanke tare da tsaka-tsalle daban-daban, amma tare da mai da hankali ɗaya. Ofayan ɗayan sabbin labarai da aka gwada akan Austin Rover Maestro a 1983. A cikin wannan shekarar, Hella ya gabatar da ci gaban ra'ayi na fitilu masu haske uku-axis tare da masu nuna ellipsoidal. Ma'anar ita ce cewa mai nuna hasken ellipsoidal yana da matakai biyu a lokaci guda. Ratsunan da fitilar halogen ke fitarwa daga abin da aka mayar da hankali na farko ana tattara su a karo na biyu. Daga inda suke zuwa ruwan tabarau na mai tara kayan wuta. Irin wannan fitilar fitilar motar ana kiranta haske. Efficiencyarfin wutar lantarki na ellipsoidal a yanayin ƙaramar katako ya 9% mafi girma fiye da parabolic. Hasken fitilu na yau da kullun yana fitar da 27% kawai na hasken da aka nufa tare da diamita na milimita 60 kawai. An tsara waɗannan fitilun don hazo da ƙananan katako.

Hasken mota. Fitilolin axis uku

Kuma farkon samar da mota tare da triaxial fitilolin mota ne BMW Bakwai a karshen 1986. Bayan shekaru biyu, fitilolin mota na ellipsoidal suna da kyau! Mafi daidai Super DE, kamar yadda Hela ta kira su. A wannan lokacin, bayanin martaba ya bambanta da siffar ellipsoidal kawai - yana da kyauta kuma an tsara shi ta hanyar da yawancin hasken ya ratsa ta allon da ke da alhakin ƙananan katako. Canjin hasken fitillu ya ƙaru zuwa 52%. Ci gaba da ci gaba na masu haskakawa ba zai yuwu ba ba tare da ƙirar lissafi ba - kwamfutoci suna ba ku damar ƙirƙirar mafi yawan hadaddun abubuwan haɗe-haɗe. Samfuran kwamfuta yana ba ku damar ƙara adadin sassan zuwa rashin iyaka, ta yadda za su haɗu zuwa wani wuri ɗaya na kyauta. Dubi, alal misali, a "idanun" irin waɗannan motoci kamar Daewoo Matiz, Hyundai Getz. An raba masu nunin su zuwa sassa, kowannensu yana da nasa mayar da hankali da tsayin daka.