Menene sabo a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Rasha da WMF?
Menene sabo a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Rasha da sansanonin WMF. Ana ci gaba da aikin gina manyan jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa irin na Borya. A halin yanzu, a ranar 30 ga Satumba na bara, Alexander Nevsky, na biyu a cikin wannan jerin, ya shiga Vilyuchinsk a Kamchatka. A lokacin da ya yi tafiya daga tashar jirgin ruwa zuwa Arewa mai Nisa, ya yi tafiyar mil 4500 na ruwa a cikin ruwan Arctic.
Shekaru goma na yanzu babu shakka lokaci ne lokacin da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Tarayyar Rasha ta sake dawowa a fili a matsayin daya daga cikin jiragen ruwa mafi karfi a duniya. Wani abin da ke nuni da hakan shi ne, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, ginawa da ƙaddamar da sabbin jiragen ruwa, na yaƙi da na taimako, wanda ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da haɓakar kuɗin kuɗi na tsare-tsare na Sojojin Tarayyar Rasha, gami da rundunar sojojin ruwa. A sakamakon haka, a cikin shekaru biyar da suka wuce an yi "bam" tare da bayanai game da fara aikin gine-gine, ƙaddamarwa ko ƙaddamar da sababbin jiragen ruwa. Labarin ya gabatar da muhimman abubuwan da suka faru a shekarar da ta gabata da suka shafi wannan tsari.
Sanya Keel
Raka'a mafi girma tare da babban damar kai hari, wanda aka shimfida a cikin 2015, jiragen ruwa ne na nukiliya guda biyu. A ranar 19 ga Maris na shekarar da ta gabata, an fara aikin gina jirgin ruwa na Arkhangelsk a tashar jirgin ruwa na OJSC PO Sevmash a Severodvinsk. Wannan shi ne jirgi na hudu da aka gina bisa tsarin zamani na 885M Yasen-M. Bisa ga ainihin aikin 885 "Ash", kawai samfurin K-560 "Severodvinsk" da aka gina, wanda ke aiki tare da sojojin ruwa tun 17 ga Yuni, 2014.
A ranar 18 ga Disamba, 2015, an ajiye keel na wani jirgin ruwa dauke da Imperator Alexander III dabarun ballistic makamai masu linzami a wannan filin jirgin ruwa. Raka'a ta huɗu ce na aikin 955A Borey-A da aka gyara. A cikin duka, an shirya gina jiragen ruwa guda biyar na irin wannan, kuma an sanya hannu kan kwangilar da ta dace a ranar 28 ga Mayu, 2012. Sabanin sanarwar da ta gabata, a ƙarshen 2015, ba biyu ba, amma an shimfiɗa Boriev-A ɗaya. Dangane da tsare-tsaren na yanzu, a cikin 2020 jiragen ruwa na Rasha za su sami sabbin jiragen ruwa na dabarun zamani guda takwas - Project 955 guda uku da Project 955A guda biyar.
A cikin nau'in jiragen ruwa masu rakiya, yana da kyau a lura da fara aikin gine-ginen makami mai linzami samfurin 20380 guda uku. Biyu daga cikinsu ana gina su a filin jirgin ruwa na Severnaya Verf a St. Petersburg. Waɗannan su ne: "Mai kishi" da "Tsauri", wanda aka shimfiɗa shi a ranar 20 ga Fabrairu kuma ya kamata a fara aiki a cikin 2018. Yuli 22 a tashar jirgin ruwa Amur Shipbuilding Plant a Komsomolsk a Gabas mai Nisa akan Amur. Abu mafi mahimmanci a cikin waɗannan al'amuran shine gaskiyar cewa aikin 20380 tushe corvettes sun dawo don ginawa, wanda hudu - kuma Severnaya ya gina - ana amfani da su a cikin Baltic Fleet, kuma biyu daga Komsomolsk an yi niyya don jiragen ruwa na Pacific, har yanzu ana yin su. An gina shi, maimakon na zamani da kuma aikin 20385 corvettes, waɗanda suka fi ƙarfin ta fuskar makamai. Irin waɗannan raka'a biyu ne kawai ake ginawa a tashar jiragen ruwa da aka ambata a St. magabata.
Akwai dalilai da yawa na wannan. Da fari dai, aikin 20385 corvettes sun fi rikitarwa a fasaha, wanda ke nufin sun fi tsada fiye da na asali. Akwai ko da bayanai game da cikakken watsi da gina corvettes irin wannan a cikin ni'imar sababbi, Project 20386. Wannan kuma an sanya shi ta hanyar takunkumi na kasa da kasa wanda bai ba su damar yin amfani da Jamusanci MTU (Rolls-Royce Power Systems AG) ) injunan diesel na lokaci, maimakon abin da za a shigar da injunan gida na kamfanin JSC "Kolomensky Zavod" daga Kolomna. Duk wannan yana nufin cewa samfurin irin wannan nau'in na'ura - "Thundering", wanda aka dage farawa a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu, 2012 kuma wanda ya kamata ya shiga sabis a bara, ba a ƙaddamar da shi ba tukuna. A halin yanzu ana shirin faruwa a cikin 2017. Don haka, farkon ginin raka'a uku na aikin 20380 na iya zama "fitar gaggawa" wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da ƙirar ƙira don aiwatar da sauri cikin sauri.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa a cikin 2015 ba a fara gina ginin guda ɗaya na ayyukan 22350 da 11356R ba. Wannan babu shakka yana da alaƙa da matsalolin da waɗannan shirye-shiryen suka fuskanta a sakamakon mamayar da Rasha ta yi wa Crimea, saboda wuraren motsa jiki da aka yi nufin su an gina su ne gaba ɗaya a cikin Ukraine ko kuma sun ƙunshi yawancin abubuwan da aka kera a wurin. Jagoran gina irin waɗannan tashoshin wutar lantarki a Rasha yana ɗaukar lokaci, saboda haka, aƙalla bisa hukuma, ba a fara aikin ginin na biyar na 22350 - "Admiral Yumashev" da na shida aikin 11356 - "Admiral Kornilov" - ba a fara ba. Dangane da raka'a na nau'in na ƙarshe, an isar da tsarin motsa jiki na jiragen ruwa uku na farko kafin haɗar da Crimea. Duk da haka, a lõkacin da ta je ga jiragen ruwa na biyu jerin kwangila a kan Satumba 13, 2011 - Admiral Butakov, wanda keel aka dage farawa Yuli 12, 2013, da kuma Admiral Istomin, gina daga Nuwamba 15, 2013 - halin da ake ciki ne yafi rikitarwa. Sai dai bayan mamayar Crimea, bangaren Ukrain ba ya da niyyar mika wuraren motsa jiki da aka nufa da su. Wannan ya haifar da dakatar da duk wani aiki a kan wadannan jiragen ruwa a cikin bazara na 2015, wanda, duk da haka, an sake komawa daga baya. Wanda ya kera injin turbin gas na waɗannan raka'a a ƙarshe zai zama Rybinsk NPO Saturn da akwatin gear PJSC Zvezda daga St. Petersburg. Duk da haka, ba a sa ran isar da su kafin ƙarshen 2017, kuma a lokacin za a kawo rukunan jiragen ruwa biyu mafi ci gaba na jerin na biyu zuwa yanayin ƙaddamarwa a nan gaba don samun damar yin wasu umarni. An tabbatar da hakan cikin sauri ta hanyar ƙaddamar da "shiru" na "Admiral Butakov" a ranar 2 ga Maris na wannan shekara ba tare da shigar da na'urorin kwaikwayo ba.
