menene kuma me yasa ake buƙata? Alamomin lalacewa, hoto

Motoci na daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin gurbatar iska. A lokacin konewar man fetur, kusan dukkanin teburin abubuwa na lokaci-lokaci suna fitowa cikin yanayi, tare da nau'ikan mahadi: nitrogen, tururin ruwa, oxygen, carbon dioxide da oxides, soot, benzopyrene. Mazaunan megacities sun sami damar fuskantar duk "la'a'i" na illa masu cutarwa akan yanayi: ciwon kai, mashako, ciwon daji na numfashi, numfashi da gazawar zuciya. Tsire-tsire, dabbobi, ƙasa, ruwan ƙasa suna wahala.

Akwai mafita ga matsalar: don rage fitar da hayaki mai cutarwa gwargwadon yiwuwa. Don haka, an wajabta masu kera abin hawa don haɓaka haɓakar konewar cakudawar man fetur da iska, da shigar da masu juyawa da masu haɓakawa a cikin tsarin shaye-shaye. Mene ne mai haɓakawa, yadda yake aiki, yadda za a maye gurbinsa - za mu yi la'akari da waɗannan batutuwa a cikin kayan yau a kan tashar vodi.su.

catalytic Converter a cikin mota

A cikin sauƙi, mai kara kuzari shine na'urar don tace iskar gas. Amma, ba kamar tacewa na al'ada ba, neutralizer yana tsaftace shaye-shaye ta hanyar halayen sinadarai wanda abu mai aiki ya shiga. Lura cewa ko da mai canzawa ba zai iya jimre wa tsaftacewa XNUMX% ba, an tsara shi ne kawai don rage abun ciki na abubuwan da ke biyo baya:

• hydrocarbons;
• nitric oxide;
• oxides na carbon.

Wadannan iskar gas ne ke cikin iskar gas da ke haifar da mummunan sakamako. Misali, hayaki kusa da manyan tituna yana faruwa saboda yawan wuce gona da iri na hydrocarbons (soot) a cikin iska. Carbon monoxide da nitrogen monoxide iskar gas ne masu guba waɗanda ke ba da shaye-shayen wari. Shakar su ko da kankanin lokaci yana kaiwa ga mutuwa.

Kowane ɗayan waɗannan abubuwan shaye-shaye guda uku suna da tasiri ta nau'in mai canzawa daban-daban:

1. platinum;
2. rhodium;
3. palladium.

Har ila yau, a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan masu canzawa, ana fesa zinare a saman saƙar zumar da sharar ta ratsa ta. Kamar yadda kuke gani, waɗannan duka karafa ne masu tsada. Saboda wannan dalili, maye gurbin mai canzawa ba abin jin daɗi ba ne mai arha.

Ka'idar aiki ta dogara ne akan halayen sinadarai: lokacin da kwayoyin halitta, alal misali, nitric oxide suka amsa tare da rhodium, nitrogen atom suna ɗaure da daidaitawa akan faranti, kuma oxygen ya fito. Har ila yau, ana aiwatar da maganin oxyidation - saboda karuwar zafin jiki mai tsanani, shaye-shayen ya zama oxidized, kuma abubuwa masu cutarwa a cikinsa kawai suna ƙonewa kuma su zauna a kan saƙar zuma.

Lura cewa don aiki na yau da kullun na mai canza catalytic, ana buƙatar adadin iskar oxygen zuwa dakatarwar mai a cikin cakuda mai-iska. Ana shigar da na'urori masu auna iskar oxygen a mashigai da mashigar na'urar, wanda ke nazarin abubuwan da ke tattare da iskar gas. Idan an gano abin da ya wuce kima na carbon ko nitrogen, ana aika sigina mai dacewa zuwa kwamfutar da ke kan jirgi.

Catalyst malfunctions: ta yaya yake barazana da injin?

A bayyane yake cewa, kamar kowane nau'in tacewa, bayan lokaci, samfuran konewa da yawa suna taruwa a cikin mai canzawa kuma yana buƙatar maye gurbinsa. Har ila yau, wannan taron tsarin shaye-shaye na iya gazawa saboda wasu dalilai:

• low ingancin man fetur tare da babban abun ciki na sulfur, paraffin, additives;
• rashin aikin injin, saboda wanda man fetur ba ya ƙone gaba ɗaya;
• lalacewar inji.

Idan mai canza catalytic yana aiki akai-akai, ajiyar soot zai ƙone lokaci zuwa lokaci. Amma bayan lokaci, saboda yawan zafin jiki, ƙarfe ko yumbu na zuma narke, yana toshe fitar da kayayyakin konewa. Injin kamar yadda masu ababen hawa ke cewa, ya fara shakewa.

Me zai faru idan mai juyawa ya toshe gaba daya:

• tsokaci da maƙura an rasa;
• akwai matsaloli tare da farawa naúrar wutar lantarki, musamman a lokacin hunturu "a kan sanyi";
• raguwa a cikin sauri - ko da ma'aunin yana buɗewa zuwa matsakaicin, tachometer yana nuna kawai 2,5-3,5 dubu rpm.

Idan ba mu fara kawar da wannan matsala a cikin dace hanya, ko da mafi tsanani matsaloli suna jiran mu: soot fara da za a ajiye kai tsaye a kan shaye bututu na muffler kuma a cikin shaye da yawa, dole mu load da engine a cikakken iko. wanda ke haifar da farkon lalacewa na pistons da cylinders.

Maye gurbin mai musanya canji

Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don magance wannan matsala, waɗanda muka yi magana a baya akan gidan yanar gizon vodi.su. Mafi bayyanan hanyar fita ita ce ka je kantin sayar da kera motoci ka ba da odar shigar da sabon mai kara kuzari na asali. Sabis ɗin ba mai arha ba ne. Amma a kan sayarwa za ka iya riga samun harsashi da kansu (na gyara tubalan), waxanda suke da yawa mai rahusa. Wata hanyar fita: idan saƙar zuma ta kasance yumbu, saya shinge tare da saƙar zuma na karfe. Farashin zai kasance a cikin kewayon 4000 rubles da sama da shigarwa.

Idan ba ku so ku kashe irin waɗannan kuɗin, maimakon mai hana ruwa, sun sanya kwalban mai kama wuta da snag maimakon binciken Lambda. Tabbas, tanadin zai zama mahimmanci, injin zai yi aiki har ma da kuzari. Amma matsalar ita ce, matakin mai guba ba zai daina bin ka'idodin Yuro 6, 5, 4. Wato ba za ku iya tafiya waje a kan irin wannan mota ba, kuma nan da nan har zuwa Moscow da sauran manyan biranen. Saboda haka, ba mu bayar da shawarar yin irin wannan "gyara" ba. Ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira ce mai girma wacce ke taimakawa wajen haɓaka yanayin muhalli a duniya, kuma lokacin cire shi, ku tuna cewa ku da yaranku kuna shaka iska, kuma lafiyar mutane ya dogara da gurɓatarsa.

Mai kara kuzari, menene?

Ana lodawa…