Cessna

Babban-tsakiyar Citation Longitude a halin yanzu ita ce babbar bijet ta Cessna. Misali na farko na samarwa ya bar zauren taron a ranar 13 ga Yuni, 2017. Jirgin ya sami takardar shaidar nau'in FAA a ranar 21 ga Satumba, 2019.

Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Cessna shine jagorar da ba a saba da shi ba a cikin kera jiragen sama don zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na gabaɗaya - abin zubarwa, yawon shakatawa, masu amfani da makaranta. An kafa kamfanin a cikin 1927, amma ci gabansa ya sami ci gaba bayan yakin duniya na biyu. A shekarun 50 zuwa 60, ya zama sananne sosai cewa hatta matsakaicin Amurkawa da ba sa sha'awar sufurin jiragen sama ya danganta sunan Cessna tare da waɗancan ƙananan jiragen da ke tashi da sauka a filin jirgin da ke kusa. Tun daga 2016, kamfanin yana aiki a ƙarƙashin tutar Textron Aviation, amma sunan Cessna ya ci gaba da aiki a matsayin alamar jirgin sama.

Wanda ya kafa Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Cessna shi ne Clyde Vernon Cessna - manomi, makaniki, mai siyar da mota, ƙwararren ƙwararren gini mai koyar da kansa da matukin jirgi. An haife shi a ranar 5 ga Disamba, 1879 a Hawthorne, Iowa. A farkon 1881, danginsa sun ƙaura zuwa wata gona kusa da Rago, Kansas. Duk da cewa ba shi da ilimi na yau da kullun, Clyde yana sha'awar fasaha tun yana ƙuruciya kuma sau da yawa yakan taimaka wa manoman yankin gyara injinan noma. A cikin 1905, ya yi aure kuma bayan shekaru uku ya fara aiki da dillalan motoci na Overland Automobiles a Enid, Oklahoma. Ya samu nasara da yawa a wannan masana'antar har ma sunansa ya hau kan alamar da ke sama.

Jirgin sama na farko da Clyde Cessna ya kera kuma ya tashi a 1911 shi ne jirgin sama na Silver Wings. Hoton a cikin Afrilu 1912, Silver Wings ya sake ginawa bayan wani hatsari kuma an ɗan gyara shi a kan jirgin zanga-zangar.

Ya kama bug na jirgin sama a wasan kwaikwayon iska na Oklahoma City a ranar 14-18 ga Janairu, 1911. Cessna ba wai kawai ya sha'awar wasan kwaikwayo na sama ba, amma kuma ya yi magana da matukan jirgi (ciki har da dan wasan Faransa Roland Garros) da makanikai, ya tambayi mai yawa. tambayoyi da daukar bayanin kula. Ya yanke shawarar gina nasa jirgin bisa kan Blériot XI monoplane. Don wannan dalili, a cikin Fabrairu ya tafi New York, inda ya sayi fuselage na kwafin Blériot XI da aka gina a can daga Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Queens. Af, ya kalli tsarin samarwa kuma ya yi jirage da yawa a matsayin fasinja. Bayan ya koma Enid, a cikin garejin haya, ya fara gina fuka-fuki kuma ya ba da kansa. Bayan yunƙuri da yawa da ya gaza, a ƙarshe ya ƙware fasahar tashi sama kuma a cikin watan Yuni 1911 ya tashi jirginsa, wanda ya sa wa suna Silver Wings.

Jirgin zanga-zangar jama'a na farko ba su yi nasara sosai ba. Don yin muni, a ranar 13 ga Satumba, 1911, Silver Wings ya fadi kuma Clyde yana asibiti. Cessna ce ta yi jigilar jirgin da aka sake ginawa tare da gyara shi a ranar 17 ga Disamba. A cikin 1912-1913, Clyde ya shiga cikin nunin iska da yawa a Oklahoma da Kansas, wanda ya shirya tare da ɗan'uwansa Roy. Ranar 6 ga Yuni, 1913, wani sabon jirgin sama da aka gina daga karce ya tashi, kuma a ranar 17 ga Oktoba, 1913, ya yi jirgin farko a kan Wichita, Kansas. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, Cessna ya gina jiragen sama mafi kyau, wanda ya samu nasarar nunawa a cikin jirgin a lokacin rani. Abubuwan da Cessna ta yi ya ɗauki hankalin ƴan kasuwa da yawa na Wichita, waɗanda suka kashe kuɗi wajen kafa masana'antar jirgin sama. Hedkwatarta tana cikin gine-ginen masana'antar motoci ta JJ Jones a Wichita. Kaddamar da aikinsa ya faru a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1916.

A shekara ta 1917 Cessna ta gina sabbin jirage biyu. Comet mai kujeru biyu tare da wani katafaren gida ya yi tashinsa na farko a ranar 24 ga watan Yuni. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a ranar 7 ga Yuli, Clyde ya kafa rikodin gudun hijira na kasa a cikin ikon tafiyar kilomita 200 / h. Bayan da Amurka ta shiga yakin duniya na daya a watan Afrilun 1917, an rage yawan man da ake amfani da shi don farar hula. Cessna ta ba da jiragenta ga gwamnatin tarayya, amma sojoji sun fi son ingantattun injunan Faransa. Saboda rashin oda da kuma ikon shirya wasan kwaikwayo na iska, a ƙarshen 1917 Cessna ya rufe masana'antar, ya koma gonarsa ya koma noma.

A farkon 1925, Lloyd C. Stearman da Walter H. Beech sun ziyarci Cessna, waɗanda suka gayyace shi ya shiga haɗin gwiwa don kera jirgin sama na ƙarfe. Bayan samun mai saka hannun jari Walter J. Innes Jr. Ranar 5 ga Fabrairu, 1925, an kafa Kamfanin Samar da Jirgin Sama a Wichita. Innes ya zama shugaban kasa, Cessna mataimakin shugaban kasa, sakataren Beech, da babban mai tsara Stearman. A ƙarshen shekara, bayan Innes ya bar kamfanin, Cessna ya zama shugaban kasa, Beech a matsayin mataimakin shugaban kasa, da Stearman a matsayin ma'ajin. Jirgin farko na Travel Air shine Model A biplane. Cessna ta fi son jirage masu saukar ungulu tun farko, amma ta kasa shawo kan abokan huldarta. A lokacin da ya ke hutu, ya kera jirginsa na tara da kansa - injina guda ɗaya na nau'in nau'in 500 mai ɗauke da ɗakin kwana ga fasinjoji biyar. Clyde ne ya tashi da kansa a ranar 14 ga Yuni, 1926. A cikin Janairu 1927, National Air Transport ya ba da umarnin misalai takwas a cikin ɗan gyare-gyaren tsari, wanda aka sanya nau'in 5000.

Kamfanin kansa

Duk da nasarar, ra'ayin Cessna na gaba - fuka-fukan cantilever - kuma bai sami amincewar Walter Beech ba (a halin yanzu, Lloyd Stearman ya bar kamfanin). Don haka, a cikin bazara na 1927, Cessna ya sayar da sha'awar Travel Air zuwa Beech, kuma a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, ya sanar da kafa nasa kamfani, Cessna Aircraft Company. Tare da ma'aikaci daya tilo a wancan lokacin, ya fara kera jiragen sama guda biyu a cikin tsarin jirgin sama na cantilever, wanda ba a hukumance ake kira All Purpose (daga baya Phantom) da na gama gari ba. Gwajin ƙarfin fuka-fuki, wanda ya wajaba don Sashen Kasuwanci don ba da Takaddun Nau'in Nau'in (ATC), Farfesa ne ya gudanar da shi. Joseph S. Newell na Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT).

Phantom mai kujeru uku shi ne ya fara tashi a ranar 13 ga Agusta, 1927. Jirgin ya zama mai nasara sosai kuma Cessna ya yanke shawarar fara kera shi. Don samun kuɗi, ya sayar da wani yanki na kamfaninsa ga Victor H. Roos, dillalin babur a Omaha, Nebraska. Bayan haka, a ranar 7 ga Satumba, an yi wa kamfanin rajista a hukumance a matsayin Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Cessna-Roos. Hedkwatarta tana cikin sabbin gine-gine a Wichita. A watan Disamba na wannan shekarar, Roos ya sayar da hannun jari ga Cessna, kuma a ranar 22 ga Disamba, kamfanin ya canza suna zuwa Kamfanin Jirgin Sama na Cessna.

Fatalwa ta fara dukan iyalin jirgin sama da aka sani da A Series. An mika na farkon su ga mai siye a ranar 28 ga Fabrairu, 1928. A shekarar 1930, an samar da fiye da kwafi 70 a nau'ikan AA, AC, AF, AS da AW, sun bambanta a cikin injin da ake amfani da su. Samfurin BW mai kujeru uku da hudu bai yi nasara ba - 13 kawai aka gina. A cikin 6, samfurin DC-6 da nau'ikan ci gaba guda biyu, Babban Shugaban DC-1929A da DC-6B Scout, sun shiga samarwa (an gina 6 tare da samfurin).