Bindigu masu sarrafa kansu na Burtaniya Bishop da Sexton

Bindiga mai sarrafa kansa Sexton II a cikin launuka na 1st Motorized Artillery Regiment na 1st Armored Division na Yaren mutanen Poland Army a Yamma a cikin tarin Museum of Yaren mutanen Poland kayan aikin soja a Warsaw.

A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, kasashen da ke yaki sun kasance, musamman, don magance matsalar tallafin gobara ga rarrabuwar kawuna. A bayyane yake cewa ko da yake karfin wuta na rukunin masu sulke yana da mahimmanci, amma tankunan sun fi yin harbi kai tsaye, na daidaikun mutane kan wuraren da aka gano a lokacin yakin. A wata ma'ana, tankuna dillalai ne - suna lalata takamaiman manufa guda ɗaya, kodayake a cikin sauri. 'Yan bindiga - masu sayar da kayayyaki. Volley bayan volley na goma, dozin da yawa har ma da ganga ɗari da yawa a kan maƙasudin rukuni, galibi a nesa fiye da ganin gani.

Wani lokaci ana buƙatar wannan tallafin. Kuna buƙatar ƙarfin wuta mai yawa don kutsa cikin tsarin tsaro na abokan gaba, lalata katangar filin, manyan bindigogi da turmi, kashe tankunan da aka tona, lalata gidaje na bindigu, da kuma yi wa sojojin maƙiya rauni. Ban da haka, sojojin abokan gaba sun cika da mamaki da wani mugun ruri, da fargabar rayukansu da kuma ganin yadda ’yan uwansu ke yayyage su da fashe-fashe na bindigogi. Nufin yin yaƙi a irin wannan yanayi yana raunana, kuma mayaƙan sun gurɓace saboda tsoron rashin ɗan adam. Gaskiya ne, kallon rarrafe tankunan da ke hura wuta wanda da alama ba za a iya tsayawa ba shima yana da takamaiman tasiri na tunani, amma makaman atilare yana da makawa ta wannan fanni.

A lokacin Babban Yaƙin Kishin Kishin Ƙasa, ya zamana cewa, manyan bindigogin gargajiya da aka ja daga baya ba su dace da gungun masu sulke da motoci ba. Na farko, bayan da aka fara harbin bindiga, an cire bindigogi daga taraktoci (karkatar da gwamnati) da sanya su a tashoshin kashe gobara da ba da albarusai ga ma’aikatan da ke cikin motocin dakon kaya ya dauki lokaci, kamar yadda kuma aka dawo wajen tattakin. Abu na biyu, bindigogin da aka ja, dole ne su matsa tare da hanyoyin da ba a yi amfani da su ba, gwargwadon yadda yanayin ya ba da izini: laka ko dusar ƙanƙara sukan iyakance motsi na tarakta, tankuna kuma suna motsawa "a kan ƙasa mara kyau." Rikici sau da yawa yakan zagaya don shiga cikin yankin da rukunin masu sulke yake.

An magance matsalar ta hanyar bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu. A Jamus, an karɓi Wespe mm 105 da 150 mm Hummel howitzers. M7 105mm bindiga mai sarrafa kansa mai nasara an ƙera shi a cikin Amurka kuma Burtaniya ta sanya masa suna Firist. Bi da bi, a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, da sulke kwankwaso dogara a kan goyon bayan sulke bindigogi, wanda, duk da haka, sun kasance mafi kusantar su harba kai tsaye gaba, ko da a lokacin da 122-mm howitzers SU-122 da 152-mm howitzers ISU-152. .

Har ila yau, a Biritaniya a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, an kera manyan bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu. Babban kuma a zahiri kawai nau'in sabis shine Sexton tare da mashahurin 87,6 mm (25 lb) howitzer. A baya, bindigar Bishof ya bayyana a adadi mai yawa, amma asalinsa ya bambanta kuma baya da alaƙa da buƙatar sanya rukunin bindigogin filin ga rukunin masu sulke.

Bindiga mai sarrafa kansa mai suna Ordnance QF 25-pdr bisa ga Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, wanda ba a hukumance ba (kuma daga baya a hukumance) ana kiransa Bishop. Motar da aka nuna tana cikin Regiment na 121st Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, wanda ya shiga yakin El Alamein na biyu (Oktoba 23 - Nuwamba 4, 1942).

A cikin bazara na 1941, Afirka Korps na Jamus sun shiga yakin Arewacin Afirka. Tare da wannan, an fara gudanar da ayyukan motsa jiki na sikelin da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba. Sojojin Birtaniyya ba su kasance a shirye don wannan ba, amma nan da nan ya bayyana cewa hatta rundunonin da ke goyon bayan harin ba-zata na abokan gaba a yankunan da ba a yi tsammani ba a da, na bukatar saurin tattara wutar lantarki, na fage da kuma tankokin yaki. -masanin tanka, ba a ma maganar bukatar gaggawar tura runduna masu sulke da sojoji. Nasarar harin da rundunoninsu masu sulke ke samu kuma ya danganta ne da yuwuwar tallafin wuta ga tankunan yaki da manyan bindigogi a wani arangama da kariyar abokan gaba. Idan dai ba a manta ba, tankunan Birtaniya na wancan lokacin suna dauke da makamai kusan su kadai da bindigogin 40-mm (2-pounder), wadanda ke da iyakacin karfin karya wuraren da ba su da makami.

yaki da ma'aikatan makiya.

Wata matsalar ita ce lalata tankunan Jamus. Tare da sabon Jamus Pz IIIs da (sa'an nan karanci a Afirka) Pz IVs tare da ƙarin makamai na gaba (Pz III Ausf. G da Pz IV Ausf. E) yana da matukar wahala a magance QF na Burtaniya 2-pounder (2-pounder) anti-tank bindigogi na wancan lokacin.) cal. 40 mm. Sa'an nan kuma ya zama cewa an sami sakamako mafi kyau lokacin amfani da filin 25-mm 87,6-pound howitzer. An shigar da harsashi masu sulke cikin wannan bindiga tun a shekarar 1940. Waɗannan su ne harsashi ba tare da fashewa ba wanda zai iya shiga sulke mai karkata a kusurwar 30 ° zuwa tsaye, kauri 62 mm daga 500 m da 54 mm daga 1000 m, yayin da bindigar anti-tanki mai tsayi 40 mm zai iya shiga sulke. samun shigar da 52-mm makamai daga 500 m da 40-mm makamai daga 1000 m. A lokacin fadace-fadace kuma ya bayyana a fili cewa bukatar gaggawa canji a matsayin anti-tanki bindigogi take kaiwa zuwa kai-propelled mafita. Ma'aikatan bindigunan tanka masu girman mm 40 sun dora bindigogin su a kan kwalin wata babbar mota inda suka yi ta harbe-harbe daga can, amma wadannan motocin da ba su da makami sun kasance cikin sauki ga harbin makiya.

Saboda haka, daya daga cikin muhimman ayyuka na sabuwar bindiga mai sarrafa kanta, dauke da makami mai nauyin kilo 25 mai nauyin 87,6mm, shi ne yaki da tankokin yaki. Irin wannan buƙatu ne na hanzari, wanda duk ya ɓace tare da gabatar da bindigogin anti-tanki mai nauyin 6mm 57, wanda ya sami kyakkyawan aiki fiye da waɗanda aka ambata a baya: shigar da makamai 85mm daga 500m da 75mm shigar sulke daga 1000m.

Bishop bindiga mai sarrafa kansa

Bindiga mai nauyin kilo 25, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi mafi kyawun makamai na bindigogi masu sarrafa kansa, shi ne babban bindigar rukuni na Birtaniya da aka yi a ƙarshen 30s. An yi amfani da ita a matsayin mai ja har zuwa karshen yakin, kuma kowane rukuni na soja yana da uku. sassa uku na baturan bindigogi takwas - jimillar bindigogi 24 a cikin rundunar sojoji da kuma bataliya ta 72. Ba kamar sauran manyan runduna na yakin duniya na biyu, Jamus, Amurka da kuma Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ke da divisional manyan bindigogi regiments da bindigogi na karami da kuma girma caliber (Jamus 105-mm da 150-mm howitzers, Amurka 105-mm da 155-mm. USSR 76,2 -mm cannons da 122mm howitzers), sassan Birtaniyya sun kasance kawai.

25-pounder 87,6 mm howitzers.

A cikin sigar da aka ja, wannan bindigar ba ta da wutsiya mai ja da baya, kamar yawancin samfuran ƙasashen waje na zamani, amma wutsiya mai faɗi ɗaya. Wannan shawarar tana nufin cewa bindigar da ke kan tirelar tana da ƙananan kusurwar harbe-harbe a cikin jirgin sama a kwance, 4 ° kawai a duka kwatance (8 ° gaba ɗaya). An magance wannan matsala ta hanyar ɗaukar garkuwa mai zagaye da ke makale da wutsiya a ƙarƙashin jelar, wadda aka ajiye a ƙasa, inda aka zare bindigar da tarakta kafin a sauke. Ita dai wannan garkuwar, wadda albarkacin hakora na gefe, ta makale a cikin kasa a karkashin matsi na bindigar, ta sa a yi saurin jujjuya bindigar bayan ta daga wutsiya, wadda ta kasance mai sauki, tunda nauyin ganga ya dan daidaita bangaren. nauyin bindiga. wutsiya. Ana iya daga ganga a tsaye

a cikin kewayon kusurwa daga -5 ° zuwa + 45 °.

Bindigar tana da makulli a tsaye, wanda ya sauƙaƙa buɗewa da kullewa. Yawan wuta ya kasance zagaye 6-8 / minti, amma ka'idodin Birtaniyya sun tanada don: zagaye 5 / minti (wuta mai tsanani), zagaye 4 / minti (wuta mai sauri), zagaye 3 / minti (wuta ta al'ada), zagaye 2 / minti (jinkirin wuta). wuta) ko 1 rds/min (wuta a hankali sosai). Ganga na da tsayin caloric 26,7, kuma tare da birki na muzzle - 28 cal.

An yi amfani da tuhume-tuhume iri biyu ga bindigar. Nau'in asali yana da buhunan foda guda uku, biyu daga cikinsu ana iya cirewa, waɗanda suka haifar da kaya daban-daban guda uku: tare da jaka ɗaya, biyu ko duka uku. Don haka, yana yiwuwa a gudanar da wuta mai sauri a ɗan gajeren nesa. Tare da duka tuhume-tuhumen guda uku, kewayon jirgin na daidaitaccen ma'auni mai nauyin kilogiram 11,3 ya kasance 10 m a farkon saurin majigi na 650 m/s. Tare da jaka biyu, waɗannan dabi'u sun ragu zuwa 450 m da 7050 m / s, kuma tare da jaka ɗaya - 305 m da 3500 m / s. Har ila yau, akwai caji na musamman don iyakar iyaka, wanda ba zai yiwu ba don cire jakunkunan foda. Tsawon jirgin ya kai mita 195 a saurin farko na 12 m/s.

Babban jigon bindigar shi ne babban abin fashewa mai fashewa Mk 1D. Daidaiton harbe-harben nasa ya kai kimanin mita 30 a iyakar nisa. Matukin ya yi nauyin kilogiram 11,3, yayin da adadin abubuwan fashewar da ke cikinsa ya kai kilogiram 0,816. Mafi sau da yawa shi ne amatol, amma roka irin wannan kuma wani lokacin ana sanye take da TNT ko RDX cajin. Jirgin sokin sulke ba tare da fashewa ba ya auna kilogiram 9,1 kuma tare da cajin talakawa ya haɓaka saurin farko na 475 m / s, kuma tare da caji na musamman - 575 m / s. Abubuwan da aka bayar na shigar sulke sun kasance don wannan kawai

wannan kaya na musamman.

Bindigan yana da abin gani don harbin kai tsaye, gami da gobarar tanka. Koyaya, babban abin jan hankali shine abin da ake kira Probert System Calculator, wanda ke ba ku damar ƙididdige madaidaicin kusurwar haɓakar ganga bayan shigar da injin ƙididdige nisa zuwa manufa, wuce ko rashin isa ga manufa, dangane da matsayi. na bindiga da nau'in kaya. Bugu da ƙari, an gabatar da kusurwar azimuth tare da shi, bayan ganin an sake saita shi tare da matakin ruhohi na musamman, tun da bindiga yakan tsaya a kan ƙasa mara kyau kuma yana karkata. Sa'an nan kuma daga ganga zuwa wani kusurwa ya sa ta dan karkata zuwa wata hanya ko wata, kuma wannan ganin ya sa ya yiwu a cire wannan kusurwar karkatarwa.

daga azimuth da aka bayar.

Ba a iya tantance azimuth wato kwanar da ke tsakanin arewa da inda aka kai hari ba, domin ‘yan bindigar da ke kan bindigu ba su iya ganin inda aka nufa. Lokacin da taswirar (da taswirar Biritaniya sun shahara saboda girman ingancinsu) daidai ya ƙayyade matsayin baturin da matsayi na wurin kallo na gaba, wanda, ta hanyar, masu bindiga yawanci ba sa gani, azimuth da nisa tsakanin baturin. da kuma post na kallo. Lokacin da zai yiwu a auna azimuth da nisa zuwa wurin da ake iya gani daga can daga wurin kallo, umarnin baturi ya warware matsala mai sauƙi na trigonometric: taswirar ya nuna bangarori biyu na triangle tare da madaidaicin: baturi, wurin dubawa da manufa. , kuma bangarorin da aka sani sune baturi - ra'ayi da ra'ayi - manufa. Yanzu ya zama dole don ƙayyade sigogi na ɓangare na uku: baturi shine manufa, watau. azimuth da nisa tsakanin su, dangane da ma'auni na trigonometric ko a hoto ta hanyar zana dukkan alwatika akan taswira da auna ma'auni na angular da tsayi (nisa) ɓangare na uku: baturi - manufa. Bisa ga wannan, an ƙaddara shigarwar angular ta amfani da abubuwan gani a kan bindigogi.

Bayan salvo na farko, masu lura da bindigogi sun yi gyare-gyare, wanda maharan suka yi bisa teburin da ya dace, domin su "harba" kansu a wuraren da aka yi niyya don lalata. An yi amfani da hanyoyi iri ɗaya da kuma abubuwan gani iri ɗaya akan bindigogi 25-pounder Ordnance QF da aka yi amfani da su a cikin SPGs na Bishop da Sexton da aka tattauna a wannan labarin. Bangaren Bishop ya yi amfani da bindigar ba tare da birki ba, yayin da Sextons suka yi amfani da birkin muzzle. Rashin birki a kan Bishop yana nufin cewa roka ta musamman za a iya amfani da ita kawai tare da zagaye na huda sulke.

A watan Mayun 1941, an yanke shawarar kera bindiga mai sarrafa kanta irin wannan ta hanyar amfani da bindigar Ordnance QF Mk I mai nauyin kilo 25 da kuma chassis na wani tankin soja na Valentine. Bambancin Mk II, wanda aka yi amfani da shi daga baya a kan Sexton, bai bambanta da yawa ba - ƙananan canje-canje a cikin ƙirar breech (kuma a tsaye, wedge), da kuma gani, wanda ya aiwatar da ikon yin lissafin yanayin a ƙarƙashin raguwar lodi. (bayan cire jakar), wanda ba a kan Mk I. An kuma canza kusurwar muzzle daga -8 ° zuwa + 40 °. Wannan canji na ƙarshe yana da ƙananan mahimmanci ga Bishop na farko SPG, saboda kusurwoyin da ke cikinsa sun iyakance zuwa kewayon -5° zuwa +15°, wanda za'a tattauna daga baya.

An samar da tankin Valentine a Burtaniya a masana'antu uku. Iyayen Vickers-Armstrong Elswick Works kusa da Newcastle sun samar da 2515 daga cikin waɗannan. An gina ƙarin 2135 ta Vickers-controlled Metropolitan-Cammell Carriage da Wagon Co Ltd. a masana'anta guda biyu, Old Park Works a Wednesbury da Washwood Heath kusa da Birmingham. A ƙarshe, Kamfanin Carriage da Wagon na Birmingham ya samar da tankuna 2205 na irin wannan a masana'antar su a Smethwick kusa da Birmingham. Kamfanin na baya-bayan nan ne aka baiwa aikin kera bindiga mai sarrafa kansa bisa tankunan Valentine da aka samar a nan cikin Mayu 1941.

An gudanar da wannan aikin a cikin hanya mai sauƙi, wanda, duk da haka, ya haifar da ƙira mara kyau. A taƙaice, maimakon turret ɗin tanki na 40 mm, an sanya babban turret mai nauyin 25-pounder 87,6 mm howitzer akan chassis na tankin Valentine II. A wasu hanyoyi, wannan na'ura ta yi kama da KW-2, wanda ake ɗaukarsa a matsayin babban tanki, ba kamar bindiga mai sarrafa kansa ba. Duk da haka, motar Soviet mai sulke tana sanye da wani katafaren turret dauke da bindiga mai karfin milimita 152, wanda ya fi karfin wuta. A cikin motar tashar Burtaniya, turret ɗin ba ya jujjuyawa, saboda nauyinsa ya tilasta haɓaka wani sabon injin ratsa turret.

Turret yana da sulke mai ƙarfi sosai, mm 60 a gaba da gefe, ɗan ƙasa kaɗan a baya, tare da faffadan kofofin da aka buɗe ta bangarorin biyu don sauƙaƙe harbi. Rufin turret yana da sulke mai kauri 8 mm. An cunkushe a ciki kuma, kamar yadda ya faru daga baya, ba ya da iska sosai. Chassis kanta yana da makamai a ɓangaren gaba da gefuna tare da kauri na 60 mm, kuma ƙasa yana da kauri na 8 mm. A gaban babba karkata takardar yana da kauri na 30 mm, gaban ƙananan karkata takardar - 20 mm, da raya karkata takardar (na sama da ƙananan) - 17 mm. Babban ɓangaren fuselage yana da kauri mm 20 a hanci da 10 mm a baya, sama da injin.

Motar dai tana dauke da injin dizal AEC A190. Kamfanin Associated Equipment Company (AEC), tare da masana'anta a Southall, West London, ya yi bas, galibin motocin bas na birni, tare da sunayen ƙirar da suka fara da "R" da sunayen manyan motoci da suka fara da "M". Wataƙila mafi shaharar ita ce babbar motar AEC Matador, wacce aka yi amfani da ita azaman tarakta don 139,7 mm howitzer, babban nau'in matsakaicin manyan bindigogin Burtaniya. A sakamakon haka, kamfanin ya sami kwarewa a cikin samar da injunan diesel. A190 ya kasance injin dizal mai silinda shida mai bugu huɗu da aka zayyana ta halitta tare da ƙaurawar lita 9,65, 131 hp. da 1800 rpm. Matsakaicin man fetur a cikin babban tanki shine 145 l, kuma a cikin tanki mai taimako - wani 25 l, jimlar 170 l Tankin mai don lubrication na injiniya - 36 l Injin an sanyaya ruwa, ƙarar shigarwa shine 45 l.

Injin na baya (tsawon tsayi) wani akwatin gear na Henry Meadows Type 22 ne ya tuka shi daga Wolverhampton, UK, tare da kayan gaba guda biyar da na'ura mai juyawa daya. An haɗa babban ƙugiya mai yawan faranti da akwatin gear, kuma ƙafafun tuƙi a baya suna da nau'i-nau'i na gefe don tuƙi. Motocin suna gaba. A gefen motar akwai kuloli guda biyu a kowane gefe, kowace katuwar tana da ƙafafu guda uku. Manyan ƙafafun nan guda biyu na waje, diamita na 610 mm, kuma ƙafafu huɗu na ciki diamita ne 495 mm. Waƙoƙi, sun ƙunshi mahaɗa 103, suna da faɗin 356 mm kowanne.

Saboda ƙirar turret ɗin, bindigar kawai tana da kusurwar ɗagawa daga -5° zuwa +15°. Wannan ya haifar da iyakance mafi girman kewayon harbe-harbe daga sama da kilomita 10 (muna tunatar da ku cewa a cikin wannan sigar bindiga don harsashi masu fashewar fashewar ba zai yiwu a yi amfani da caji na musamman ba, amma kawai cajin al'ada) zuwa kawai 5800 m. Yadda ma'aikatan suka gina wani ɗan ƙaramin gini, wanda bindigogin gaba suka cim ma su, suna ƙara girman kusurwa. Motar na dauke da rokoki 32 da masu tuka su, wadanda galibi ake ganin ba su isa ba, amma babu sauran wuri. Don haka, ana makala harsashin harsasai guda ɗaya tirela mai lamba 27 mai nauyin kilogiram 1400, wanda ke ɗaukar ƙarin harsasai 32. Ita wannan tirela da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin juzu'in da aka yi amfani da ita, inda ta kasance a matsayin magabata (tarakta ta ja tirela, kuma an makala bindiga a kan tirelar).

Bishop ba shi da bindigar mashin da aka saka, ko da yake an yi nufin daukar bindigar haske mai girman mm 7,7 BESA wacce za a iya makalawa a kan rufin rufin don hana tashin jirage. Ma'aikatan jirgin sun kunshi mutane hudu: direba a gaban fuselage, a tsakiya, da kuma 'yan bindiga uku a cikin hasumiya: kwamanda, bindiga da loda. Idan aka kwatanta da bindigar da aka ja, harsashi guda biyu sun bace, don haka hidimar bindigar ya buƙaci ƙarin ƙoƙari a ɓangaren ma'aikatan.

Kamfanin Carriage na Birmingham Railway da Kamfanin Wagon na Smethwick kusa da Birmingham ya gina samfurin Bishop a cikin Agusta 1941 kuma ya gwada shi a cikin Satumba. Sun yi nasara, kamar tankin Valentine, motar ta tabbatar da abin dogaro. Matsakaicin saurin sa shine kawai 24 km / h, amma kada mu manta cewa an gina motar akan chassis na tanki mai motsi a hankali. Mileage a kan hanya ya kai kilomita 177. Kamar yadda yake a cikin tankin Valentine, kayan sadarwar sun ƙunshi saitin mara waya mai lamba 19 wanda Pye Radio Ltd ya haɓaka. daga Cambridge. An shigar da gidan rediyo a cikin nau'in "B" mai kewayon mitar 229-241 MHz, wanda aka tsara don sadarwa tsakanin motocin yaƙi mai kujeru ɗaya. Iyakar harbi, dangane da filin, ya kasance daga 1 zuwa 1,5 km, wanda ya zama nisa marar isa. Motar kuma tana dauke da wani katafaren gida.

Bayan nasarar gwajin da aka yi na abin hawa samfurin, wanda ke da sunan hukuma Ordnance QF 25-pdr akan Carrier Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1, wanda a wasu lokuta ana rage shi zuwa 25-pdr Valentine (Valentine tare da 25-pounder), takaddama ta taso tsakanin. masu tanka da bindiga ko dai tanki mai nauyi ko kuma bindiga mai sarrafa kanta. Sakamakon wannan takaddama shi ne wanda zai ba da odar wannan mota da kuma sassan da za ta je, masu sulke ko manyan bindigogi. A ƙarshe, 'yan bindigar sun yi nasara, kuma an ba da odar motar bindigogi. Abokin ciniki shine kamfanin jihar Royal Ordnance, wanda ke aikin samar da sojojin Burtaniya a madadin gwamnati. An aika da oda na guda 100 na farko a cikin Nuwamba 1941 zuwa Kamfanin Jirgin Karu na Birmingham da Wagon, wanda, kamar yadda sunan ya nuna, ya fi tsunduma cikin samar da kayan birgima, amma lokacin yakin ya kafa samar da motoci masu sulke. Odar ta ci gaba a hankali, saboda isar da tankunan Valentine har yanzu shine fifiko. Kamfanin Vickers Works da ke Sheffield ne ya samar da bindigu da aka gyara, sannan kuma babban kamfanin Vickers-Armstrong da ke Newcastle kan Tyne ne ya gudanar da aikin.

M7 Firist na 13th (Kamfanin Makamai Masu Girmamawa) Rukunin Filin Jirgin Ruwa na Royal Horse Artillery, gungun manyan bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu na rukunin 11th Armored Division a gaban Italiya.

A watan Yulin 1942, an kai bindigogin QF 80 Ordnance QF 25-pdr a kan jirgin ruwan Valentine 25-pdr Mk 1 ga sojoji, kuma da sauri sojojin suka yi musu lakabi da Bishop. Hasumiya ta hasumiya ta hade a cikin sojoji tare da mitar, wani bishop na headdress na irin wannan siffar, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa suka fara kiran cannon - episcopal. Wannan sunan ya makale kuma daga baya aka amince da shi a hukumance. Wani abin sha'awa shi ne, a lokacin da bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu na Amurka M7 mai tsayin mita 105 suka iso daga baya, zoben bindigar nasa zagaye ya tunatar da sojojin kan mimbarin, don haka aka sanya wa bindigar suna Firist. Ta haka ne aka fara al'adar sanya sunayen bindigogi masu sarrafa kansu daga maɓalli na "likita". Lokacin da tagwayen "Firist" na samar da Kanada daga baya ya bayyana (ƙari akan wannan daga baya), amma ba tare da "mimbari" halayen cannon Amurka ba, an kira shi Sexton, wato, coci. Bindigan rigakafin tanka mai tsawon mm 57 da ya kera da kansa a cikin motar ana kiransa Dean Deacon. A ƙarshe, bayan yaƙin Birtaniyya mai sarrafa kansa mai tsawon mm 105 mai suna Abbot - abbot.

Duk da ƙarin umarni na batches biyu na 50 da 20 Bishop division, tare da wani zaɓi na wani 200, su ba a ci gaba da samar. Mai yiwuwa, shari'ar ta ƙare tare da gina waɗannan guda 80 kawai da aka kawo ta Yuli 1942. Dalilin haka shi ne "gano" na Amurka mai sarrafa kansa howitzer M7 (wanda daga baya ya karbi sunan "Firist") akan chassis na matsakaici na M3 Lee. Tankin da tawagar Burtaniya ta kirkira don siyan motoci masu sulke a Amurka - Ofishin Jakadancin Burtaniya. Wannan bindiga ya fi na Bishop nasara sosai. Akwai ƙarin sarari ga ma'aikatan jirgin da harsasai, kusurwoyin wuta a tsaye ba su da iyaka, kuma abin hawa yana da sauri, mai iya raka tankokin "cruising" na Biritaniya a cikin sassan sulke.

Umurnin firist ya haifar da watsi da ƙarin siyayyar Bishop, kodayake Firist shima mafita ne na ɗan lokaci, saboda buƙatar shigar da sabis ɗin saye (ajiya, sufuri, bayarwa) harsasai na 105mm na Amurka da aka yi da kuma sassa na Amurka. Ita kanta chassis ta riga ta fara bazuwa a cikin sojojin Biritaniya sakamakon samar da tankunan yaki na M3 Lee (Grant), don haka ba a taso da batun kayayyakin kayan aikin chassis ba.

Rukunin farko da aka sanye da bindigu na Bishop ita ce rukunin Rejiment na 121st, Royal Artillery. Wannan tawagar, sanye take da 121-pounders, ya yi yaƙi a Iraki a 25 a matsayin mai zaman kanta tawagar, kuma a lokacin rani na 1941 aka kai Misira don ƙarfafa 1942 Army. Bayan ya sake yin kayan aiki akan Bishopee, yana da batura masu ganga guda takwas: 8th (275th West Riding) da 3rd (276th West Riding). An raba kowane baturi zuwa platoon biyu, wanda kuma aka raba kashi biyu na bindigogi. A cikin Oktoba 11, 1942 tawagar da aka karkashin 121st sulke brigade (ya kamata a kira tank brigade, amma ya kasance "makamai" bayan ta ware daga 23rd tank division, wanda bai dauki bangare a tashin), sanye take da "Valentine". " . tankuna. Brigade, bi da bi, yana cikin ƙungiyar XXX, wanda a lokacin abin da ake kira. a lokacin Yaƙin El Alamein na Biyu, ya haɗa ƙungiyoyin sojojin ƙasa (Australian 8th Infantry Division, British 9th Infantry Division, New Zealand 51st Infantry Division, 2nd African Infantry Division da 1st Indian Infantry Division). Daga baya wannan squadron ya yi yaƙi a kan layin Maret a watan Fabrairu da Maris na 4, sannan ya shiga cikin yakin Italiya, har yanzu a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta. A cikin bazara na 1943, an canza shi zuwa Burtaniya kuma an canza shi zuwa 1944 mm howitzers, don haka ya zama babban rukunin manyan bindigogi.

Raka'a ta biyu akan Bishopah ita ce 142nd (Royal Devon Yeomanry) Field Regiment, Royal Artillery, sanye take da wadannan motoci a Tunisia a watan Mayu-Yuni 1943. Daga nan sai wannan tawagar ta shiga fada a Sicily, daga baya kuma a Italiya a matsayin ƙungiya mai zaman kanta. a cikin makaman atilari na Sojoji 8. Ba da daɗewa ba kafin canja wurin don ƙarfafa sojojin da suka sauka a Anzio a farkon 1944, an sake shirya tawagar daga Bishop zuwa bindigogi na M7 Priest. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ana amfani da bishops don koyarwa kawai. Baya ga Libya, Tunisia, Sicily da kudancin Italiya, bindigogi irin wannan ba su shiga cikin sauran gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na ayyukan soja ba.