Bulgaria ta sabunta T-72

Iyakar tanki na sojojin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Bulgaria, wanda har yanzu yana aiki, shine T-72. Duk waɗannan motocin sun kasance daga ƙarshen 70s kuma ba a taɓa inganta su ba.

Jamhuriyar Bulgeriya karamar kasa ce kuma ba ta da wadata sosai, amma saboda irin tsarin da take da shi yana da matukar muhimmanci ga kawancen Arewacin Atlantika, wanda tun a shekara ta 2004 ya kasance a cikinta, don haka bukatun da ake bukata na ci gaban sojojinta. Kwanan nan Sofia ta ƙaddamar da wani aiki don sabunta sassan T-72M1 MBT da ba a daɗe ba kuma ta ba da sanarwar sha'awar sayan manyan motocin sulke na zamani.

Bulgaria ta daɗe ba wani ƙarfin soja ba (a ƙarshen yarjejeniyar Warsaw, sojojinta suna da yawa, da makamai da kayan aiki), kuma ba ikon tattalin arziki ba. Tare da GDP na kusan dalar Amurka biliyan 65,3, kasafin tsaro a cikin 2018 ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 1,015 (BGN 1,710 biliyan), ma'ana Bulgaria ta kashe sama da 1,55% na GDP akan tsaro. Duk da haka, a shekara mai zuwa, ya ba kowa mamaki ta hanyar kusan ninki biyu (sic!) kashe kudaden tsaro - a cikin 2019, kasafin kudin ma'aikatar tsaro ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 2,127 (kusan 3,628 biliyan leva) - 3,1% na GDP! Hakan ya faru ne saboda yanke shawarar siyan jiragen F-16 Block 70 multirole guda takwas akan dala biliyan 1,2. Koyaya, tare da sojojin 32 da mafi yawansu dauke da kayan aikin Warsaw Pact wanda ba a gama ba, wannan ba adadi bane mai ban sha'awa. Saboda haka, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa makamai da kayan aiki na Bulgarian Armed Forces (Bulgaria sojojin) sun kasance a cikin rashin fasaha yanayi - bisa ga rahoton na Ma'aikatar Tsaro na Mayu 000, 2019% na motocin ba su da oda (sun kasance a kan hanya). rushe ta irin kayan aiki: tankuna 23%, BMP-48 1%, BTR-40PB-MD60 1%, da dai sauransu), da kuma jirgin sama da jiragen ruwa - 30% da 80%, bi da bi.

Haɗin gwiwar Bulgarian T-72s tare da mayaƙa ko BMP-1s har yanzu yana yiwuwa, amma ƙimar tankuna a cikin ma'auni na asali shine yaudara.

Sojojin ƙasa na Jamhuriyar Bulgeriya (Rundunar Ƙasa) sun shiga bayan 1990, kamar sauran sojojin kasashen Warsaw Pact, raguwa mai yawa a yawan sojoji da kayan aiki. Na karshe ya fara ne a shekara ta 2015 kuma a sakamakon haka an rage yawan sojojin kasa na Bulgaria daga sojoji 24 zuwa 400 kawai. bataliyoyin injiniyoyi da manyan bindigogi) da kuma na 14st Stram mechanized brigade tare da hedkwata a Karpov (tare da bataliyoyin injiniyoyi uku, manyan bindigogi da sassan hana jiragen sama). Bugu da ƙari, sun haɗa da Dokar Ayyuka na Musamman na Haɗin gwiwa daga Plovdiv (daidai da brigade, dakarun soja na dutse, bataliyoyin soja guda uku), wani rukunin bindigogi, na'ura mai ba da kaya, injiniyan injiniya, da dai sauransu. Yawancin tankunan da ke cikin sabis sun kasance sun mayar da hankali. a cikin bataliyar tanki ta 310, wacce take ƙarƙashin Cibiyar Horar da Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru a Sliven.

Kamar yadda na 2017, akwai 80 T-72M1 motoci a cikin jeri (kimanin 230 more a cikin M / A / AK / M1 da kuma M1M versions ana adana, don kwatanta, a 1990 a Bulgaria akwai fiye da 2500 tankuna, yafi T-54. ) / 55 - kimanin 1800, T-62 - 220 ÷ 240, T-72 - 333 da PT-76 - kimanin 250), kimanin - 100S1 mai sarrafa kansa), kimanin 70 masu ɗaukar makamai masu sulke MT-LB, kusan 23 masu sulke masu sulke-2PB-MD1, 100 tsohon Amurka M100, da dai sauransu. Yawancin makamai sun kasance kuma sun kasance mara amfani. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi dacewa a cikin rami na sojojin Bulgaria shine siyan sabbin motocin sulke masu sulke tare da dabarar ƙafar 60 × 1. A ranar 16 ga Yuli, 1117, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Jamhuriyar Bulgeriya ta ƙaddamar da hanyar da za ta zaɓi wani mai samar da injuna 8 na wannan rukunin. An aika gayyata don shiga cikinta ga kamfanoni: Rheinmetall Defense da Krauss-Maffei Wegmann daga Jamus, Nexter Systems daga Faransa, Patria daga Finland da Janar Dynamics Turai Land Systems. A karshe, zuwa wasan karshe na gasar a ranar 8 ga watan Oktoban bara. An gano masu samar da sabbin motocin hawa guda biyu: General Dynamics European Land Systems tare da Piranha V tare da Samson RCWS turret daga Rafael Advanced Defense Systems da Patria Oy daga AMVXP tare da MT19MK2019 turret daga Elbit Systems. An shirya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da ma'aunin injunan da aka tsara. An shirya siyan motoci 150 a cikin bambance-bambancen BMP masu ƙafa da 5 a cikin nau'ikan na musamman da yawa, wanda yakamata ya sami damar samar da abin da ake kira babban brigade tare da haɓaka tankuna. Wannan zai ci wa mai biyan haraji na Bulgaria leva biliyan 30 (kimanin dalar Amurka miliyan 2). An shirya sanya hannu kan kwantiragin ne a farkon shekarar 90, amma, a fili, za a dage shi zuwa nan gaba mara iyaka. Wani bangare saboda ƙalubalen da suka shafi cutar ta COVID-60, amma da farko saboda dalilai na kuɗi. Dangane da bayanan hukuma, farashin aikace-aikacen da kamfanonin kasashen waje suka gabatar ya zarce leva biliyan 1,02 (dalar Amurka miliyan 615,5), wato sun fi kashi 2021% tsada fiye da yadda aka kiyasta kasafin kudin. Ma'aikatar tsaron Jamhuriyar Bulgeriya, a lokacin da ta sanar da fara mataki na gaba na hanyar, ta tanadi zabin soke tsarin idan jami'ai sun yi la'akari da shawarwarin masu tsada idan aka kwatanta da yiwuwar tasiri. A cikin mako na biyu na Fabrairu, Ministan Tsaro Krasimir Karakachanov ya ba da shawarar soke kwangilar samar da motocin cikin gida, amma tare da sa hannun abokin tarayya na waje. Amma watakila wannan wani yunƙuri ne kawai na matsa lamba ga masu neman su rage farashin su. Yanzu ya kamata a gudanar da nazarin yiwuwar sashe na irin wannan aikin. Yana da wata guda don yin wannan, kuma a cikin wannan lokacin dole ne a gabatar da ra'ayi ga majalisar ministocin, wanda ke da kuri'a mai mahimmanci kan wannan batu.

Duk da haka, tushen babban brigade ya kamata ya zama tankuna. Kamar yawancin masu amfani da dangin T-72 na motocin, masu yanke shawara na Bulgaria suma suna sane da cewa sun daina biyan bukatun fagen fama na zamani, balle ma gaba. Koyaya, sabanin, alal misali, Poland, a Bulgaria an shirya sabunta waɗannan injunan, wanda zai ba su ƙarin haɓakar ƙarfin yaƙi.