'Yan damben sojan Burtaniya

Serial na farko masu ɗaukar makamai masu sulke Boxer da aka saya a ƙarƙashin shirin Infantry Vehicle na Mechanized za su je rukunin Sojojin Burtaniya a 2023.

A ranar 5 ga Nuwamba, Sakataren Tsaron Biritaniya Ben Wallace ya sanar da cewa Sojojin Birtaniyya za su karbi sama da manyan motocin daukar kaya masu sulke na Boxer 500, wadanda hadin gwiwar Rheinmetall BAE Systems Land za ta samar a matsayin wani bangare na shirin Motocin Infantry. Ana iya ganin wannan sanarwar a matsayin farkon ƙarshen wata doguwar hanya mai matukar fa'ida wacce Sojojin Biritaniya da na jigilar GTK/MRAV na Turai, waɗanda aka fi sani da Dambe, suna tafiya tare, ban da kuma dawowa tare.

Tarihin halittar Boxer yana da matukar rikitarwa kuma yana da tsayi, don haka yanzu za mu tuna kawai lokacin da ya fi muhimmanci. Ya kamata mu koma 1993, lokacin da ma'aikatun tsaro na Jamus da Faransa suka ba da sanarwar fara aiki kan wani jirgin ruwan sulke na hadin gwiwa. Bayan lokaci, Birtaniya ta shiga cikin shirin.

Titin da ya lalace…

A cikin 1996, an ƙirƙiri ƙungiyar Turai OCCAR (Faransanci: Organization conjointe de coopération en matière d'armement, Organization for Joint Armament Cooperation), wanda da farko ya haɗa da: Jamus, Burtaniya, Faransa da Italiya. Ya kamata OCCAR ta inganta hadin gwiwar tsaron masana'antu na kasa da kasa a Turai. Shekaru biyu bayan haka, an zaɓi ƙungiyar ARTEC (Armored Vehicle Technology), wacce ta haɗa da Krauss-Maffei Wegmann, MAK, GKN da GIAT, don aiwatar da shirin ɗaukar kaya masu sulke ga sojojin Faransa, Jamus da Burtaniya. A baya a cikin 1999, Faransa da GIAT (yanzu Nexter) sun janye daga haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka na'urar VBCI na kansu, kamar yadda ra'ayin Biritaniya-Jamus ya tabbatar da cewa bai dace da bukatun Armée de Terre ba. A cikin wannan shekarar, Jamus da Burtaniya sun sanya hannu kan kwangilar wanda aka ba da umarnin samfuran GTK / MRAV guda huɗu don Bundeswehr da Sojojin Burtaniya (ƙimar kwangilar ta fam miliyan 70). A cikin Fabrairu 2001, Netherlands shiga consortium da Stork PWV BV (wanda a cikin 2008 ya zama mallaki na Rheinmetall kungiyar da kuma zama wani ɓangare na Rheinmetall MAN Soja Vehicles kamar RMMV Netherland), wanda hudu prototypes aka kuma ba da umarnin. Na farko daga cikinsu - PT1 - an gabatar da shi a ranar 12 ga Disamba, 2002 a Munich. Bayan da zanga-zanga na biyu PT2 a 2003, da mota da aka mai suna Boxer. A wancan lokacin, an shirya kera motoci akalla 200 ga kowane daya daga cikin mahalarta shirin, wanda zai fara a shekarar 2004.

Duk da haka, a cikin 2003, Birtaniya sun ƙi shiga cikin haɗin gwiwar ARTEC (a halin yanzu Krauss-Maffei Wegmann da Rheinmetall MAN Soja Vehicles) saboda da yawa hadaddun karbuwa na GTK / MRAV / PWV (Gepanzerte Transport-Kraftfahrzeug), bi da bi: , Multirole Armored Vehicle da Panserwielvoertuig ) mai jigilar kaya bisa ga bukatun Biritaniya, gami da. sufuri a cikin jirgin C-130. Sojojin Burtaniya sun mayar da hankali kan shirin FRES (Future Rapid Effect System). Jamusawa da Holland sun ci gaba da aikin. Gwajin samfur na tsawon lokaci ya haifar da miƙa motar farko ga mai amfani a cikin 2009, shekaru biyar a ƙarshen. Ya zama cewa ƙungiyar ARTEC ta yi aiki mai kyau tare da Boxers. Ya zuwa yanzu, Bundeswehr ya ba da umarnin motoci 403 (kuma wannan bazai zama ƙarshen ba, tun da Berlin ta gano buƙatar motocin 2012 a cikin 684), da Koninklijke Landmacht - 200. Bayan lokaci, Ostiraliya ta sayi Boxer (WiT 4/2018). ; 211 motocin) da Lithuania (WiT 7/2019; 91 motocin), da kuma Slovenia zaba (kwangilar daga 48 zuwa 136 motoci yana yiwuwa, ko da yake bisa ga Slovenian Defence White Paper na Maris na wannan shekara, karshen da Ba a san sayan daidai ba), mai yiwuwa Algeria (a cikin Mayu na wannan shekara a cikin kafofin watsa labaru sun ruwaito game da yiwuwar ƙaddamar da lasisi na Boxer a Aljeriya, kuma a watan Oktoba, an buga hotuna daga gwaje-gwaje a wannan ƙasa - samarwa zai fara a karshen. na 2020) da ... Albion.

Biritaniya ta haihuwa?

Birtaniya ba su yi nasara a cikin shirin FRES ba. A cikin tsarin sa, za a ƙirƙiri iyalai biyu na abubuwan hawa: FRES UV (Vehicle Utility) da FRES SV (Scout Vehicle). Matsalolin kudi na Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Burtaniya, da ke da alaƙa da shiga cikin ayyukan ƙasashen waje da rikicin tattalin arzikin duniya, ya haifar da sake fasalin shirin - kodayake a cikin Maris 2010 mai ba da kayan Scout SV (ASCOD 2, ƙera ta Janar Dynamics European Land Systems) aka zaba. , daga cikin injunan 589 da ake buƙata a wancan lokacin (kuma la'akari da buƙatar injunan 1010 na iyalai biyu), injin 3000 ne kawai za a gina. Kafin wannan, FRES UV ya riga ya kasance mataccen shirin. A cikin watan Yuni 2007, ƙungiyoyi uku sun gabatar da shawarwarin su don sabon mai ɗaukar kaya don Sojojin Burtaniya: ARTEC (Boxer), GDUK (Piranha V) da Nexter (VBCI). Babu daya daga cikin injinan da ya cika bukatu, amma Sakataren Harkokin Tsaro na Tsaro da Tallafawa na lokacin, Paul Drayson, ya ba da tabbacin cewa za a iya daidaita kowannensu da takamaiman bukatun Birtaniyya. An sanya hukuncin a watan Nuwamba 2007, amma an jinkirta yanke hukuncin na tsawon watanni shida. A watan Mayun 2008, an zaɓi GDUK tare da Piranha V a matsayin wanda ya yi nasara. General Dynamics UK bai ji daɗin hakan ba na dogon lokaci, saboda an soke shirin a cikin Disamba 2008 saboda rikicin kasafin kuɗi. Bayan 'yan shekaru, lokacin da yanayin kuɗi a Burtaniya ya inganta, batun siyan abin hawa mai taya ya dawo. A cikin Fabrairun 2014, Faransa ta ba da VBCI da yawa don gwaji. Sayen, duk da haka, bai faru ba, kuma a cikin 2015 an sake sanyawa shirin Scout UV suna a hukumance (da haka aka sake buɗe shi) a matsayin MIV (Mechanized Infantry Vehicle). Akwai hasashe game da yiwuwar samun motoci daban-daban: Patria AMV, GDELS Piranha V, Nexter VBCI, da dai sauransu. Duk da haka, an zaɓi Boxer.