Yaƙin Cape Falls
Jirgin ruwan Italiya mai haske "Giovanni delle Bande Nere", flagship "Cadmium". Ferdinando Casardi a yakin Cape Spada.
A farkon lokacin gwagwarmaya tsakanin jiragen ruwa na Burtaniya da jiragen ruwa na Italiya, jim kadan bayan Italiya ta shiga yakin a gefen Reich na Uku, a ranar 19 ga Yuli, 1940, an yi yaƙi da Cape Spada a Crete tsakanin manyan gudu biyu. jiragen ruwa masu haske na jiragen ruwa na Italiya. karkashin jagorancin Cadmius. Ferdinando Casardi, jirgin ruwa mai saukar ungulu na Australia HMAS Sydney da kuma wasu mahara Birtaniyya guda biyar karkashin jagorancin kwamanda. John Augustine Collins. Wannan tashin hankalin ya haifar da gagarumin nasara ga Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa, duk da fa'idar farko da jiragen ruwan Italiya suka yi a wajen harbin bindigogi.
A tsakiyar watan Yulin 1940, umarnin Regia Marina ya yanke shawarar aika rukunin jiragen ruwa masu sauri guda biyu zuwa wani tushe a tsibirin Leros a cikin tsibiran Dodecanese. Duk waɗannan rukunin biyu na iya haifar da matsala mai yawa ga Birtaniyya tare da kasancewarsu a cikin waɗannan ruwayen, saboda a cikin ƙarin shirye-shiryen da aka tsara sun yi maganin jigilar Allied a cikin Tekun Aegean. Har ila yau an yi la'akari da harsasai na Es-Salloum a arewa maso yammacin Masar, amma a ƙarshe an yi watsi da wannan ra'ayin.
Buratai mai lalata Hasty, ɗaya daga cikin jiragen ruwa huɗu na wannan nau'in da aka haɗa a cikin jirgin ruwa na 2nd,
karkashin umarnin Cdr. HSL Nicholson.
Don wannan aikin, an zaɓi raka'a daga 2nd Light Cruiser Squadron. Ya hada da Giovanni delle Bande Nere (kwamanda Francesco Maugeri) da Bartolomeo Colleoni (kwamanda Umberto Novaro). Jiragen na ajin Alberto di Giussano ne. Suna da wani misali gudun hijira na 6571, a total gudun hijira har zuwa 8040 ton, girma: tsawo - 169,3 m, nisa - 15,59 m da daftarin aiki - 5,3-5,9 m, makamai: tarnaƙi - 18-24 mm, bene - 20 mm. babban bindigogi. hasumiyai - 23 mm, umarnin umarni - 25-40 mm. Kewayon duka jiragen ruwa na Italiya tare da ajiyar tan 1240 na man fetur ya kasance kusan mil 3800 na ruwa a cikin sauri na 18. Cadmium shine kwamandan tawagar. Ferdinando Casardi ya tafi Bande Nere. Dukkan sassan biyu sun fara aiki a cikin Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Italiya a 1931-1932. Da farko, sun haɓaka gudu mai ban sha'awa, sun kai 39 knots (amma ba tare da cikakken kayan aiki ba). A lokacin yakin a watan Yuli 1940, sun sami damar isa karni na 32, wanda ya ba su damar yin sauri a kan jiragen ruwa masu haɗin gwiwa, har ma da masu lalata da suka kasance a cikin sabis na shekaru da yawa (an ga wannan fa'ida musamman a yanayin yanayin hydrometeorological). ). yanayi)).
Haka kuma kowanne daga cikin jiragen ruwa na Italiya yana da makamai masu kyau: bindigogi 8 152-mm, bindigogi 6 na kariya. caliber 100 mm, 8 anti-aircraft bindigogi 20 mm bindigogi da kuma takwas 8 mm bindigogi, da kuma hudu 13,2 mm torpedo tube. Wadannan jiragen ruwa za su iya amfani da jiragen ruwa na IMAM Ro.4 guda biyu, wadanda ke tashi daga katafaren baka, don leka kwal din kafin gudanar da aiki.
Jiragen ruwa na Italiya sun bar Tripoli (Libya) a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1940 da ƙarfe 22:00. Rear Admiral Kazardi ya aika da jiragensa zuwa hanyar da ke tsakanin gabar tekun Crete da tsibirin Andikitira zuwa arewa maso yammacinsa. Ya tashi zuwa can da gudun kusan kulli 25, a hankali zigzag a kan hanyar don gujewa hare-haren da jiragen ruwa na karkashin ruwa ke kaiwa, ko da yake a wannan gudun ba zai sami damar yin nasara ba. A game da 6 Yuli 00, Italiyanci sun kusanci yammacin gabar tekun Crete kuma suka fara matsawa zuwa mashigar. Ganawar da aka yi tsakanin jiragen ruwa na saman abokan gaba da na Kazardi sun kasance ba zato ba tsammani, a cikin ɓacin rai da ɗauka cewa jirgin Dodecanese ya rigaya ya farfasa yankin da ke gabansu kuma da tuni ya ba da rahoton hakan. Ko ta yaya, ba a aika da motocin leken asiri ba, don kada a bata lokaci wajen tayar da su daga ruwa, kuma kada a jinkirta tafiyar.
Shirye-shiryen na Italiyanci, duk da haka, mai yiwuwa, Birtaniya sun yanke hukunci a cikin lokaci, a kowane hali, akwai alamun da yawa cewa leken asirin su ya watsa labarai masu dacewa ga kwamandan Rundunar Ruwa na Bahar Rum, Admiral. Andrew Brown Cunningham 1. A yammacin ranar 17 ga Yuli, masu lalata hudu na 2nd Flotilla (Hyperion, Hastie, Hero da Ilex2), da ke Alexandria, sun karbi umarni daga Mataimakin Kwamandan Rundunar Ruwa na Bahar Rum, Vadma. John Tovey don zuwa yankin arewa maso yammacin Cape Spada a Crete, yana neman jiragen ruwa na Italiya a yankin kuma a hankali yana sintiri a yankin a wata hanya ta yamma. Cika wannan umarni, masu lalata Cdr. Lieutenant Hugh St. Lawrence Nicholson ya bar tushe bayan tsakar dare a kan Yuli 17-18.
