Baturi Kane da kwamandan da aka manta

Bindigar baturi mai lamba 1 bayan an gama fadan.

Bukin cika shekaru 80 da barkewar yakin duniya na biyu a wannan shekara, wani lokaci ne mai kyau don tunawa da tarihin batir na farko da makami a gabar tekun Jamhuriyar Poland ta biyu. A cikin dukan post-yaki lokaci, a cikin wallafe-wallafen game da wannan batu, an bi da wannan bangare a ɗan "raina" da nuna nasarorin da 31st baturi daga gare su. H. Laskowski in Hel. Wannan lokacin bai yi farin ciki sosai ba ga kwamandan wannan hular batir. Anthony Ratajczyk, wanda ba a ambaci halinsa ba a yawancin karatun.

Hakan ya faru ne cewa a cikin bincike kan batun, har yanzu marubutan sun dogara ne kawai ga rahotannin da aka rubuta bayan karshen yakin, ba tare da amfani da kayan tarihin ba. Abin mamaki, idan aka yi la'akari da cewa, kuma saboda ayyukan da suka yi a lokacin, tabbas sun sami sauƙin samun takardun rayuwa.

Buga wani labarin da ba a san shi ba game da Mar. Stanisław Brychce ya ba da izinin kammala yanayin ilimin game da baturi, amma marubucin ba ta kowace hanya ya nuna cewa ya yi aikin kwamandan, wanda aka ruwaito a cikin wallafe-wallafen har yanzu. Duk da nasarorin da ensign (duka a cikin interwar lokaci da kuma a watan Satumba 1939), shi wajibi ne don "dawo da tarihi" da adadi na kyaftin. A. Ratajczyk, Kwamandan Batirin Makamai na Teku na XNUMXth, wanda aka fi sani da Batirin Kane.

Kafin ƙirƙirar baturin

Bayan wargaza Rejimentar Makamai na Tekun Tekun, tekun Poland na tsawon shekaru da yawa sun rasa wata kariya ta dindindin daga teku da ta ƙasa. Jirgin da aka gina a hankali ba zai iya samar da ingantaccen tsaro na tushe na gaba da aka shirya a Gdynia Oksiwi ba. Har zuwa farkon shekarun 30, an samar da ayyukan inganta tsaro da dama, amma a kullum aiwatar da su na fuskantar cikas saboda rashin kudi da za a yi amfani da su.

An haɓaka shi a cikin 1928 (a cikin yarjejeniya tare da sashen 1929 na Babban Hafsan Soja), shirin tsaron bakin teku ya tanadar da matakai uku na aiwatarwa (wanda aka miƙe sama da 1930-1), tare da kammala na farko wanda aka ba da kariya ta ɓangare a cikin yanayin yakin da Rasha XNUMX. Ƙarshen mataki na biyu ya tanadi cikakken tsaro a yayin da ake rikici da Rasha, kuma ƙarshen na uku an yi niyya ne don samar da tsaro na tsawon watanni biyu a rikicin lokaci guda da Rasha da Jamus.

A mataki na farko, wannan shirin ya haɗa da ƙaddamar da baturi (ainihin baturi mai mahimmanci) na bindigogi 100-mm a yankin Gdynia. Ƙirƙirar ta ya sami sauƙi saboda gaskiyar cewa jiragen ruwa sun riga sun sami kayan aikin da ake bukata don samar da su, wanda aka rushe daga cikin jiragen ruwa na bindigogi a cikin 'yan shekarun baya.

Waɗannan bindigogi (wanda aka saya a ƙarƙashin lamunin "Faransa" na 210 francs) sun isa Poland a cikin Janairu 000 a cikin jirgin ruwa na ORP na Warta. Tare da su 1925 tagulla bawo (1500 francs), 45 karfe bawo wz. 000 tare da fuses (1500 Fr.) da 05 225 projectiles tare da cajin korar (000 3000 Fr.) 303. Ƙarin 000 aikace-aikace harsashi (caliber 2 mm) don toshe-in ganga, katako projectile izgili, breech yanke, na'urar don duba layin na gani da kayan kida guda hudu don duba matakin lalacewan ganga an saya.

Bayan ɗan gajeren amfani da jiragen ruwa, an tarwatsa bindigogin biyu kuma an tura su zuwa ɗakunan ajiya a Modlin. Don amfani da su, an ƙirƙira wani aiki don shigarwa akan crypts na manyan bindigogi. Wannan aikin, saboda dalilai da ba a sani ba, bai sami karɓuwa ba, kuma a cikin buƙatun KMW na shekarar kuɗi na 1929/30 akwai shawarar sanya su a kan dandamali na layin dogo. Wani abin sha'awa shi ne, jiragen KMW da kansu an yi shirin ba da hayar jirgin daga layin dogo, tunda kamar yadda aka tabbatar, da siyan su ya yi tsada. A cikin daftarin kasafin kudin, an saita farashin hayan ɗaki a PLN 2 kowace dare. Jimlar kuɗin kafa rassan, gami da haya, ya zama PLN 188.

Abin takaici, ba a ba da kuɗin da aka nema ba, don haka don shekara ta gaba (1930/31) matsayi na 100 mm ya sake bayyana, a wannan lokaci a matsayi na dindindin kusa da Oxivier. Karamin adadin da aka tsara don wannan dalili yana da daure kai, watau PLN 4000,00 25 da PLN 000,00 3 don siyan mai neman mita 1931 don batirin da aka tsara. Yana yiwuwa wannan adadin ya kamata ya tabbatar da fara aiki a kan baturi na gaba, tun da daftarin kasafin kudin na 32/120 ya ba da adadin PLN 000,00 don kammala zuba jari da ba a gama ba.

Karancin bayanan bayanan da ke rayuwa baya ba mu damar kafa takamaiman adadin da aka kashe akan ginin baturi. Wasu alamun abubuwan da aka kashe na iya zama "Shirin aiwatar da kasafin kuɗi na 1932/32", wanda aka kashe 196 zloty970,00 don waɗannan dalilai. Duk da haka, wannan ba shine adadin ƙarshe ba, saboda bisa ga "Jerin lamuni na lokacin kasafin kuɗi na 4/1931" An ƙayyade farashin gina baturin a cikin jimlar adadin PLN 32, wanda ba a gano PLN 215 ba.

dagawar baturi

An canza baturin zuwa gabas ta Kępa Okzywska (a kan wani dutse mai tsayi), ta yadda za a iya amfani da bindigogi don toshe hanyar shiga tashar jiragen ruwa a Gdynia Oksivie. Ba a zaɓi wannan wurin kwatsam ba, saboda a farkon rabin shekarun 20, an shirya shigar da batir ɗin gaisuwa a wannan yanki. A cikin Janairu 1924, Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta ɗauki matakai don samun daga Hukumar Kula da Ruwa na Kasuwancin ƙasar mallakar fitilun a Oksiva. Hukumar ta yi watsi da wannan ra’ayin, inda ta yi zargin cewa wurin da rundunar jiragen ruwa ta zaba shi ne albashin ma’aikacin fitilun, kuma sanya batir na sallama zai yi wa fitilun barazana, musamman na’urorin haskensa.

Hukumar da aka nada ziyarar ta bayyana cewa babu wani hadari ga aikin fitilun, kuma a ba da wani fili ga mai kula da fitilun. A ƙarshe, ba a taɓa gina batir ɗin gaisuwa ba, kuma yankin da ke kusa da fitilun a farkon 30s an yi amfani da shi don gina baturi, kuma fitilar kanta (bayan an kashe ta a 1933) ta koma Rundunar Sojan Ruwa.

Cpt. Ruwan Ingilishi. Mechislav Krushevsky daga ofishin Coastal Forifications, da kuma karkashin jagorancinsa, bindigogi aka tattara a cikin matsayi. An sanya bindigogin a kan buɗaɗɗen bindigogi, kuma a baya (a kan gangaren kwazazzabo) sun shirya matsuguni guda biyu na harsashi (ɗaya na makamai masu linzami, ɗayan don tuhumar saɓo). Dama kusa da matsugunin dakon kaya, an gina rumbun harsashi, tare da taimakon rokoki da kaya sun haura matakin tashar bindigogi sama da mita goma sha biyu. A halin yanzu, yana da wuya a sake yin daidai yadda wannan lif ya yi kama da aiki, amma ana iya samun wasu alamu kan batun a wani rahoto da wani wakilin Jamus ya yi a watan Satumba na shekara ta 1933. Wannan wakili yana kwatanta wannan na'urar a matsayin "paternosterwerk", wato, hawan madauwari wanda ke aiki azaman mai jigilar guga. An gina wata ‘yar karamar matsuguni mai tsafta da ba ta da nisa da sansanin ‘yan bindigar, inda aka ajiye harsashi don yin amfani da shi nan take.

Ba a san ainihin ranar da aka fara gina baturin ba, kuma, rahotannin jami'an Jamus da ke aiki a gabar tekun namu na iya zama maƙasudin ƙawance. A cikin rahotannin da aka tattara a watan Afrilun 1932, mun sami bayani cewa an riga an killace wurin batir da shingen shinge na waya, kuma Hotunan da aka makala sun nuna igwa da aka sanya a cikin igwa da kuma ɓarna. Daga baya a cikin rahoton, wakilin ya ba da rahoton cewa ginin yana ci gaba da fadadawa tare da matsugunan bindigogi, kamar yadda binciken da aka yi a gefen kwarin ya nuna. A cikin watan Yuni na wannan shekara, wakilin ya ba da rahoton cewa, dukan gangaren zuwa kasan kwazazzabo an rufe shi da wani katafaren gidan yanar gizo, wanda daga shi ne ake ganin aikin mafaka (s) na harsashai, wanda za a kammala shi a cikin watan Agusta (wanda ya kasance). ya ruwaito a wani rahoto na daban).

Wata alamar fara ginin na iya zama abin da aka ambata a sama "Shirin Aiwatar da Kasafin Kuɗi na 1931/32" wanda KMW ya haɓaka. A cewarsa, za a kashe kudaden farko (PLN 20) na gina batirin ne a watan Yunin 000,00, da kuma adadin da ya gabata (PLN 1931) a watan Fabrairu na shekara mai zuwa. Ya kamata a ambata a nan cewa a duk tsawon lokacin tsaka-tsakin, jami'an filin sun yi la'akari da adadin da girman bindigogi da aka sanya a Cape Oksivye. A cikin rahotannin za mu iya samun bayanin matsayi, gami da baturin bindigogi: 6970,00 x 2mm, 120 x 2mm da 150 x 2mm.

Don bukatun baturin da ake ginawa, a ƙarshen 1931, an ƙirƙira Kamfanin Kasuwanci na Coastal (a ƙarƙashin umarnin Laftanar Mar. Jan Grudzinsky), wanda aikinsa shine ya kare yankin baturin da aka gina da kuma ginawa. kiyayewarsa na gaba6. Kwamandan kamfani na gaba shine laftanar. Bogdan Mankovsky, wanda aka maye gurbinsa da Laftanar a 1934. Karol Mizgalski ya yi wannan aikin har zuwa lokacin da aka rushe naúrar. Kamfanin ya haɗa da: baturi na 37 na "Danish", baturin "Girkanci" na 1933 da baturin "Kanet" na XNUMX, wanda aka ba da jiragen ruwa na XNUMX a cikin matsayi. Mukamin kwamanda zai kasance ne da wani jami’i mai mukamin Laftanar, mukamin shugaban batir an yi shi ne don ƙwararrun kwale-kwalen kwale-kwale, haka kuma matsayin mai kashe gobara. Da farko, ƙungiyar ta kasance ƙarƙashin kwamandan Rundunar Sojoji, kuma daga Afrilu XNUMX zuwa Rundunar Sojojin Ruwa.