AVT5598-12V Caja Rana
Model na Photovoltaic suna zama mai rahusa sabili da haka suna zama mafi shahara. Ana iya amfani da su cikin nasara don cajin batura, misali, a cikin gidan ƙasa ko tashar yanayi ta lantarki. Na'urar da aka siffanta ita ce mai sarrafa caji wanda aka daidaita don aiki tare da ƙarfin shigarwar da ya bambanta akan kewayo mai faɗi sosai. Yana iya zama da amfani a kan shafin, a cikin sansanin sansanin ko wurin sansanin.
1. Tsarin tsari na cajar hasken rana
Ana amfani da tsarin don cajin baturin gubar-acid (misali, gel) a yanayin buffer, watau. bayan isa wutar lantarkin da aka saita, cajin halin yanzu ya fara faɗuwa. Sakamakon haka, baturin koyaushe yana cikin yanayin jiran aiki. Wutar lantarki na caja na iya bambanta tsakanin 4 ... 25 V.
Ikon amfani da hasken rana mai ƙarfi da rauni yana ƙaruwa sosai lokacin caji kowace rana. Cajin halin yanzu yana dogara sosai akan ƙarfin shigarwar, amma wannan maganin yana da fa'ida akan iyakance wuce gona da iri daga tsarin hasken rana.
Ana nuna kewayen caja a fig. 1. Tushen wutar lantarki na DC shine SEPIC topology Converter dangane da arha kuma sanannen tsarin MC34063A. Yana aiki a cikin mahimmin rawar maɓalli. Idan wutar lantarki da ake bayarwa ga comparator (pin 5) ya yi ƙasa da ƙasa, ginannen injin transistor yana fara aiki tare da ciko akai-akai da mitar. Aiki yana tsayawa idan wannan ƙarfin lantarki ya wuce ƙarfin tunani (yawanci 1,25 V).
SEPIC topology masu juyawa, masu iya haɓakawa da rage ƙarfin fitarwa, galibi suna amfani da masu sarrafawa waɗanda zasu iya canza siginar maɓalli. Yin amfani da MC34063A a cikin wannan rawar shine mafita da ba kasafai ba, amma - kamar yadda gwajin samfuri ya nuna - ya isa wannan aikace-aikacen. Wani ma'auni shine farashin, wanda a cikin yanayin MC34063A ya fi ƙasa da na masu kula da PWM.
Ana amfani da capacitors guda biyu C1 da C2 da aka haɗa a layi daya don rage juriya na ciki na wutar lantarki kamar samfurin photovoltaic. Haɗin layi ɗaya yana rage sakamakon parasitic sigogi kamar juriya da inductance. Ana amfani da Resistor R1 don iyakance halin yanzu na wannan tsari zuwa kusan 0,44A. Mafi girma na yanzu zai iya haifar da haɗaɗɗun da'irar don yin zafi. Capacitor C3 yana saita mitar aiki zuwa kusan 80 kHz.
Inductors L1 da L2 da sakamakon capacitance na capacitors C4-C6 an zaɓi su don mai canzawa zai iya aiki a cikin kewayon ƙarfin lantarki mai faɗi sosai. Daidaitaccen haɗin capacitors yakamata ya rage sakamakon ESR da ESL.
Ana amfani da Diode LED1 don gwada aikin mai sarrafawa. Idan haka ne, to ana ajiye madaidaicin bangaren wutar lantarki akan coil L2, wanda za'a iya lura dashi ta hasken wannan diode. Yana kunna ta latsa maɓallin S1 don kada ya yi haske da hankali a kowane lokaci. Resistor R3 yana iyakance halin yanzu zuwa kusan 2mA, kuma D1 yana kare diode LED daga rushewar wutar lantarki da ta wuce kima. Resistor R4 yana ƙara don ingantacciyar kwanciyar hankali mai jujjuyawa a ƙarancin amfani da ƙarancin wutar lantarki. Yana ɗaukar wasu kuzarin da kwandon L2 ke bayarwa ga kaya. Yana rinjayar yadda ya dace, amma ƙananan - ƙimar tasiri na halin yanzu yana gudana ta hanyar shi ne kawai 'yan milliamps.
Capacitors C8 da C9 suna fitar da ripple halin yanzu da aka kawo ta diode D2. Mai Rarraba Resistive R5-R7 yana saita ƙarfin fitarwa zuwa kusan 13,5V, wanda shine madaidaicin ƙarfin lantarki a tashoshin batirin gel 12V yayin aikin buffer. Ya kamata wannan ƙarfin lantarki ya ɗan bambanta da zafin jiki, amma an bar wannan gaskiyar don kiyaye tsarin mai sauƙi. Wannan mai rarraba resistor yana lodin baturin da aka haɗa koyaushe, don haka yakamata ya sami juriya mafi girma.
Capacitor C7 yana rage irin ƙarfin lantarki da mai kwatanta gani yake gani kuma yana rage jinkirin amsawar madauki na martani. Idan ba tare da shi ba, lokacin da aka cire haɗin baturi, ƙarfin fitarwa zai iya wuce ƙimar aminci don masu ƙarfin lantarki, watau tserewa. Ƙarin wannan capacitor yana sa tsarin ya daina canza maɓalli daga lokaci zuwa lokaci.
An ɗora caja a kan allon da aka buga mai gefe guda tare da girman 89 × 27 mm, zanen taron wanda aka nuna a cikin siffa. hoto 2. Dukkan abubuwa suna cikin gidaje ta ramuka, wanda shine babban taimako har ma ga mutanen da ba su da kwarewa sosai tare da ƙarfe na ƙarfe. Ina ba da shawarar kada a yi amfani da soket na IC saboda hakan zai ƙara juriya na haɗin kai zuwa transistor mai canzawa.
2. Tsarin shigarwa na caja na hasken rana
Na'urar da aka haɗa daidai tana shirye nan da nan don aiki kuma baya buƙatar kowane ƙaddamarwa. A matsayin wani ɓangare na sarrafawa, zaku iya amfani da wutar lantarki akai-akai zuwa shigarwar sa kuma daidaita shi a cikin kewayon da aka ba da shi na 4 ... 20 V, lura da karatun voltmeter da aka haɗa da fitarwa. Ya kamata ya canza sawtooth a cikin kewayon kusan 18 ... 13,5 V. Ƙimar farko tana da alaƙa da cajin masu caji kuma ba shi da mahimmanci, amma a 13,5 V mai canzawa ya kamata ya sake yin aiki.
Cajin halin yanzu yana dogara ne akan ƙimar ƙarfin shigarwa na yanzu, tunda shigar da halin yanzu yana iyakance zuwa kusan 0,44 A. Ma'auni sun nuna cewa cajin baturi na yanzu ya bambanta daga kusan 50 mA (4V) zuwa kusan 0,6 A.A a ƙarfin lantarki na 20 V. Kuna iya rage wannan darajar ta hanyar haɓaka juriya R1, wanda wani lokaci yana ba da shawara ga ƙananan batura (2 Ah).
An daidaita caja don yin aiki tare da samfurin photovoltaic tare da ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki na 12 V. Ƙimar wutar lantarki har zuwa 20 ... 22 V na iya kasancewa a cikin abubuwan da aka samu tare da ƙananan amfani na yanzu, sabili da haka, ana shigar da capacitors masu dacewa da ƙarfin lantarki na 25 V. a wurin shigar da na'urar, hasarar ta yi yawa har ba a cika cajin baturi ba.
Don cin gajiyar caja, haɗa wani tsari mai ƙarfin 10 W ko fiye. Tare da ƙarancin wuta, baturin kuma zai yi caji, amma da sannu a hankali.
Jerin abubuwan da aka gyara:
Masu adawa:
R1: 0,68 Ohm / 1 W.
R2: 180 Ohm / 0,25 W.
R3: 6,8 kΩ / 0,25 W
R4: 2,2 kΩ / 0,25 W
R5: 68 kΩ / 0,25 W
R6: 30 kΩ / 0,25 W
R7: 10 kΩ / 0,25 W
Capacitors:
C1, C2, C8, C9: 220 μF/25 V
C3: 330 pF ( yumbu)
C4…C6: 2,2 μF/50V (MKT R = 5 mm)
C7: 1 μF / 50V (monolith.)
Semiconductors:
D1: 1H4148
D2: 1H5819
LED 1: 5mm LED, misali kore
US1: MC34063A(DIP8)
sauran:
J1, J2: ARK2/5mm mai haɗawa
L1, L2: Choke 220uH (A tsaye)
S1: Micro sauya 6 × 6/13mm
