Austin Armored Car ya haɓaka ta kamfanin Burtaniya "Austin"
Abubuwa
Austin Armored Car ya haɓaka ta kamfanin Burtaniya "Austin"
Jarumawa sun nuna tasirin motocin sulke a lokacin yakin duniya na farko. Rasha ma ta fara kera irin wannan makami. Sai dai kuma a wancan lokacin, karfin tashar jiragen ruwa na Rasha da Baltic daya tilo da ke kera motoci, bai isa ya biya bukatun sojojin ba hatta a cikin motocin daukar kaya. A watan Agustan 1914, an ƙirƙiri wani kwamiti na musamman na saye, wanda ya tashi zuwa Ingila don siyan kayan aiki da kadarori, gami da motocin sulke. Kafin tafiya, an ɓullo da dabara da buƙatun fasaha don motar sulke. Don haka, motocin da aka samu masu sulke ya kamata su kasance suna a kwance, kuma makamai masu linzami sun ƙunshi aƙalla manyan bindigogi biyu da ke cikin hasumiya biyu suna juyawa ba tare da juna ba. Hukumar sayen Janar Sekretev ba ta bayyana irin wannan ci gaba a Ingila ba. A cikin kaka na 1914, Birtaniyya sun yi garkuwa da komai ba tare da kariya ba da hasumiya. Mafi girman motar sulke na Burtaniya na yakin duniya na farko, Rolls-Royce, wacce ke da kariya a kwance, amma turret daya dauke da bindiga, ta bayyana ne kawai a cikin Disamba.
Motoci masu sulke "Austin" 1st jerinTushen motar mai sulke shine chassis, wanda kamfanin fasinja na Colonial ya kera tare da injin 30 hp. Injin an sanye shi da Carburetor Kleydil da Bosch magneto. An gudanar da watsawa zuwa ga bayan baya ta amfani da katako na cardan, tsarin kama shi ne mazugi na fata. Akwatin gear yana da saurin gaba guda 4 da juyi ɗaya. Dabarun - katako, girman taya - 895x135. An kiyaye motar da sulke mai kauri 3,5-4 mm, wanda aka kera a masana'antar Vickers, kuma tana da nauyin kilogiram 2666. Makaman ya ƙunshi bindigogi biyu na 7,62-mm "Maxim" M.10 tare da harsashi 6000, an saka su a cikin hasumiya masu juyawa guda biyu, an sanya su a cikin jirgin sama mai jujjuyawa kuma yana da kusurwar harbi na 240 °. Ma’aikatan jirgin sun hada da wani kwamanda – karamin jami’i, direba – kofur da ‘yan bindiga guda biyu – karamin jami’i maras kwamishina da kuma kofur.
Austin ya karɓi oda don motocin sulke 48 na wannan ƙirar a ranar 29 ga Satumba, 1914. Kowace mota tana kan £1150. A Rasha, waɗannan motocin masu sulke an sake yin amfani da su a wani yanki tare da sulke na 7 mm: an maye gurbin sulke a kan tururuwa da farantin gaba. A cikin wannan siga, motocin sulke na Austin sun shiga yaƙi. Koyaya, tashin hankali na farko ya nuna gazawar yin rajista. An fara da injina na 13th platoon, duk Austins na 1st series shiga cikin Izhora shuka da kuma yi cikakken sake yin amfani da makamai, sa'an nan aka canjawa wuri zuwa ga sojojin. Kuma da sulke motoci riga a gaban da sannu a hankali tuno zuwa Petrograd maye gurbin sulke.
Babu shakka, karuwa a cikin kauri na sulke ya haifar da karuwa a cikin taro, wanda ya yi mummunar tasiri ga halayen su na yau da kullum. Bugu da ƙari, a kan wasu motocin yaƙi, an lura da karkatar da tashoshi na firam. Babban koma baya shine siffar rufin gidan direban, wanda ya iyakance sashin gaba na harbin bindiga.
Motoci masu sulke "Austin" 2st jerinA cikin bazara na 1915, ya bayyana a fili cewa motocin sulke da aka ba da oda a Ingila ba su isa ba don bukatun gaba. Kuma an umurci kwamitin gwamnatin Anglo-Rasha da ke Landan da ya kammala kwangilar kera wasu motoci masu sulke bisa ayyukan Rasha. A cikin lokacin daga Yuni zuwa Disamba, an shirya gina 236 motoci masu sulke ga sojojin Rasha, amma a gaskiya an samar da 161, wanda 60 na cikin jerin 2nd.
An oda domin wani sabon sulke mota, wanda ci gaban da aka la'akari da shortcomings na 1st jerin, da aka bayar a kan Maris 6, 1915. An yi amfani da chassis na babbar mota mai nauyin tan 1,5 mai injin 50 hp a matsayin tushe. An ƙarfafa firam ɗin chassis da bambanci. Waɗannan motocin ba sa buƙatar sake yin sulke, tun da an zare ƙwanƙolinsu daga farantin sulke mai kauri 7 mm. An canza siffar rufin kwandon, amma ita kanta ta ɗan gajarta, wanda ya haifar da cunkoson jama'a a cikin ɗakin faɗa. Babu kofofi a cikin kashin jirgin (yayin da motoci na 1st jerin suna da su), wanda ya kawo cikas ga tashin jirgin da saukar jirgin, saboda kawai kofa daya a gefen hagu an yi niyya don wannan.
Daga cikin gazawar motocin masu sulke na jeri biyu, ana iya ambaton rashin wurin da ake sarrafawa. A kan "Austin" na 2nd jerin, an shigar da sojojin platoons da Reserve Armored Company, yayin da sulke motocin da aka sanye take da wani raya kofa. Saboda haka, a cikin "Journal of soja ayyuka" na 26th inji-gun mota platoon aka ce: "Maris 4, 1916, na biyu (baya) iko a kan Chert mota aka kammala. Ikon sarrafawa yana kama da motar "Chernomor" ta hanyar kebul da ke fitowa daga ƙarƙashin sitiyarin gaba zuwa bangon baya na motar, inda aka kera motar.". Motoci masu sulke "Austin" 3st jerinA ranar 25 ga Agusta, 1916, an ba da umarnin wasu motocin sulke na Austin guda 60 na jerin 3rd. Sabbin motocin masu sulke sun yi la'akari da kwarewar yaƙin da aka yi amfani da su na jerin biyu na farko. Matsakaicin ya kasance 5,3 tons, ƙarfin injin ya kasance iri ɗaya - 50 hp. Motoci masu sulke na jerin 3rd suna da madaidaicin wurin sarrafawa da gilashin hana harsashi akan wuraren kallo. In ba haka ba, halayen fasahar su sun dace da motocin sulke na jerin 2nd.
A shekara ta 1916, an fara isar da Austin Series 3, kuma a lokacin rani na 1917, duk motocin sulke sun isa Rasha. An shirya yin oda don wasu injuna 70 na jerin 3rd, sanye take da ƙafafun baya biyu da kuma firam mai ƙarfi, tare da ranar bayarwa na Satumba 1917. Ba a aiwatar da waɗannan tsare-tsare ba, kodayake kamfanin ya karɓi odar motoci masu sulke tare da sakin wasu daga cikinsu. A cikin watan Afrilun 1918, an kafa bataliyar ta 16 na rundunar tankokin Birtaniya daga cikin wadannan motoci 17 masu sulke. Wadannan motocin suna dauke da bindigogin Hotchkiss masu girman 8mm. Sun ga aiki a Faransa a lokacin rani na 1918.
Kamar yadda aka ambata a farkon wannan labarin a kan shafinmu na pro-tank.ru, Austins ma suna hidima tare da sojojin kasashen waje. Motoci biyu masu sulke na jerin 3rd, waɗanda aka aika a cikin 1918 daga Petrograd don taimakawa Red Guard Finnish, suna aiki tare da sojojin Finnish har zuwa tsakiyar 20s. A farkon shekarun 20, sojojin juyin juya hali na Mongolian Sukhe Bator sun karbi Austin guda biyu (ko uku). Wata mota mai sulke na jerin 3rd tana cikin sojojin Romania. Domin wani lokaci, "Austin" na 2nd jerin "Zemgaletis" aka jera a matsayin wani ɓangare na sulke sojojin na Jamhuriyar Latvia. A 1919, hudu "Austin" (biyu 2nd jerin da biyu 3rd) kasance a cikin sulke naúrar "Kokampf" na Jamus sojojin.
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Motoci masu sulke "Austin" wani kamfani na Burtaniya ne ya kera su akan odar Rasha. An gina su a cikin gyare-gyare daban-daban daga 1914 zuwa 1917. Sun kasance a cikin sabis tare da Rasha Empire, kazalika da Jamus Empire, da Weimar Jamhuriyar (a cikin historiography, sunan Jamus daga 1919 zuwa 1933), Red Army (a cikin Red Army, duk Austins aka karshe janye daga sabis a 1931), da sauransu. Don haka, Austin ”Yaƙi da farar motsi, wasu ƙananan motoci masu sulke na irin waɗannan sojojin fararen fata ne suka yi amfani da su a gaba da Red Army. Bugu da kari, sojojin UNR sun yi amfani da wani adadi a lokacin yakin basasar Rasha. Na'urori da yawa sun isa Japan, inda suke aiki har zuwa farkon 30s. Tun daga Maris 1921, akwai Austins 7 a cikin rukunan sulke na Sojan Poland. Kuma a cikin sojojin Austrian "Austin" 3rd jerin ya kasance a cikin sabis har 1935.
Injiniyoyin Kamfanin Mota na Austin daga Longbridge sun shirya game da haɓaka aikin motar sulke wanda ya dace da dabara da fasaha na Rasha. Anyi wannan a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kaɗan. A cikin Oktoba 1914, an gina wani samfuri, wanda aka yarda da umarnin sojojin Rasha. Ka lura cewa kamfanin "Austin" an kafa shi ne ta tsohon darektan fasaha na Wolseley, Sir Herbert Austin a cikin 1906, a cikin tsohon gidan bugawa na karamin garin Longbridge, kusa da Birmingham. Tun shekarar 1907, ya fara kera motocin fasinja masu karfin doki 25, kuma a farkon yakin duniya na daya, ya ke kera nau'ikan motocin fasinja da dama, da manyan motoci 2 da 3-ton. Jimillar fitar da Austin a wannan lokacin ya kai fiye da motoci daban-daban 1000 a shekara, kuma adadin ma'aikata ya fi mutane 20000.
