Gine-gine na Axle / dakatarwa: MacPherson strut, mashaya torsion, mahaɗi da yawa ...

Yadda motar ke aiki> Gine-gine na Axle / dakatarwa: MacPherson strut, mashaya torsion, mahaɗi da yawa ...

Hanyoyin da ake bi da karkatarwar dakatarwa sun bambanta kuma sun bambanta, kuma ba koyaushe ba ne mai sauƙi don kewaya su ... Don haka, bari mu yi ƙoƙari mu bayyana halin da ake ciki kamar yadda zai yiwu ta hanyar jera hanyoyi daban-daban da fasahar da ake da su.

McPherson nau'in

Wannan shine tsarin da aka fi amfani dashi akan jirgin. kafin na motocin mu, amma kuma ana iya amfani dashi a baya. Ana ɗaukar wannan nau'in damping mai zaman kansa, sabanin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan axle (kowane ƙafar ƙafa yana da bugun jini wanda ke shafar abin da ke gefen motar).

Ya kunshi hannu, mashaya-gungura и kafa mai karfi wanda ke kunshe ƙananan ɓangaren abin girgiza... Ana iya bayyana shi azaman monobras kamar yadda sau da yawa hannu daya ne kawai (triangle ko sanda). Amma ana iya yin ta da hannaye biyu don samar da triangle. Tsari ne da ke tattare da juna tasiri et matsakaicin farashiba tare da manta abin da ya dauka ba sarari kadan.

Wannan tsarin yana ba da sarari da yawa, wanda ke da fa'ida ga motocin da ke ketare waɗanda ke ɗaukar faɗuwa da yawa.

Lokacin da dakatarwar ta kasa, kusurwar camber ya zama mara kyau, wanda shine fa'ida lokacin yin kusurwa. Koyaya, wannan tsarin yana ƙayyadad da ikon gyara lissafi. Saboda haka, ba wani abu ba ne da za a zaɓa don babban aiki, ko da ƙarin ci-gaba na wannan tsarin ya wanzu (duba ƙasa). Haɗin gwiwar orange yana nuna haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon tsakanin hannu (blue) da cibiya (launin toka).

Bambanci tsakanin MacPherson da Nick MacPherson

Bambancin abu ne mai sauƙi, McPherson yana amfani da hannu "misali"Yayinda mai karya McPherson yayi amfani da hannunsa a ciki siffar triangle... Yayi kyau

laƙabi

MacPherson, wanda shine ya fi kowa (da kyau, kusan ko'ina, har ma). Lura cewa Macpherson yana buƙatar cikakken sandar anti-roll (anan an haɗa shi da hannun dakatarwa, ba zuwa roka na strut) don tuƙi axle na gaba a tsaye da kuma a gefe. Da zarar muna da jiragen kasa masu zaman kansu guda biyu a kan gatari guda, muna buƙatar mashaya mai karewa, wanda ke ba da hanyar haɗi tsakanin biyun biyun.

Anan shine pseudo-MacPherson, saboda hannun yana cikin triangle. Idan ya ƙunshi mashaya ɗaya, zai zama MacPherson kwata-kwata.

Matsakaicin "mashigin" shine katako na katako (yana watsa ƙarfin tuki zuwa ƙafafun). Rubber shine murfin gimbal wanda ya ƙunshi mai. Anan, an haɗa sandar anti-roll zuwa hannun dakatarwa.

Nau'o'i da yawa na pseudo-MacPherson kirtani?

Tsarin Pivot?

Akwai ƙira ko žasa na gaba-gaba waɗanda ke amfani da dabarar MacPherson. Don sanduna mafi ƙarfi, muna amfani da tsarin tuƙi mai zaman kansa, wanda ya ƙunshi haɓaka tsarin tuƙi (haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon akan lever / triangle wanda ke ba ku damar juya hagu ko dama). Wannan yana iyakance tasirin juzu'i, watau tuƙi yana jan gefe ɗaya yayin saurin hanzari. A haɗe tare da ƙayyadaddun bambance-bambancen zamewa, wannan yana ba da damar wasu abubuwan jan hankali don kusanci masana'antar wutar lantarki dangane da inganci. Don haka, yana ba su damar sanya ƙarin iko a ƙarƙashin kaho. Domin lokacin da gatari na gaba dole ne ya sarrafa alkibla, nauyin injin da jan hankali, yana buƙatar inganta shi.

Nau'in hannu?

Wannan shi ne MacPherson strut BMW 3 Series E90. Na yi gwagwarmaya don daidaita ratsan shudi da hannaye, saboda na karshen nasa sun fi karkata. Bugu da ƙari, kusurwar hoto ba ta da kyau don haskaka tsarin. Lura cewa axle na gaba yana haskakawa saboda babu wani shinge na propeller a yanayin wutar lantarki.

Semi-m axle tare da mashaya torsion

(Baya akan motoci masu matsakaicin shekaru: 90s)

Ganin cewa wannan tsarin ya wanzu a gaban axle a baya, tun daga 80s / 90s an iyakance shi ga yin hidimar gatari na baya. Wannan dakatarwa ce mai zaman kanta idan akwai sandunan torsion guda biyu (ko watakila ɗaya kaɗai), sabanin madaidaicin matsakaici ko ɗari bisa ɗari. Tsari ne na tattalin arziki, amma haɓakarsa saboda haka yana da iyaka kuma ana iya samunsa akan motocin tattalin arziki da yawa kamar 100, 90, da sauransu na 106s.

Wataƙila zai yi mamakin wasu, amma tare da wannan na'urar an ba da izinin dakatarwa zuwa sandar ƙarfe madaidaiciya, misali i ... Kuma a, ba bazara ba, amma sanda (sau da yawa saiti biyu) wanda ke taimakawa wajen kiyaye motar a cikin iska. (Saboda haka dakatar) don haka ya maye gurbin bazara. Duk da haka, yana buƙatar abin sha don sarrafa hawan da kuma guje wa koma baya. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, duban ƙasa da 106, ƙila za ku ga mai ɗaukar girgiza (siffar piston) ba tare da bazara ba.

A amfani da wannan tsarin shi ne cewa shi ne duka biyu tattali, ba m (bar mafi dakin domin habitability da akwati) da kuma quite dace, duk da "pedigree", da yawa kasa riba fiye da Multi-link (amma nauyi!).

Wannan ita ce mashaya shuɗi wanda ke aiki azaman tushen. Lalle ne, yana da ƙarfi a haɗe zuwa maki 1 da 2. 1 ita ce lever (koren "miƙewa lever") wanda ke riƙe da dabaran, kuma 2 shine chassis na mota. Tsawon da ba daidai ba (kamar kamar shafa tare da rigar datti) don haka ya maye gurbin bazara.

Akwai sandunan torsion guda biyu (orange). Daya yana mu'amala da hannun dama, ɗayan kuma da hannun hagu. Kowannensu kuskure ne tsayinsa. Lura cewa akwai hanyoyi da yawa don tsara wannan tsarin, saboda haka yana iya bambanta (mafi yawancin sandunan torsion) daga mota zuwa mota. Wannan na'urar kuma na iya haifar da ƙafafu daban-daban tsakanin ɓangarorin hagu da dama.

Kuma ga abin da yake yi a rayuwa ta ainihi (Peugeot 106): Matsakaicin torsion yana dakatar da motar a cikin iska kuma abin girgiza yana iyakance saurin tafiya don guje wa tasirin bazara / sake dawowa wanda zai zama mai cutarwa ga halayen motar.

Semi-m H-axis tare da helical spring

(mafi shaharar tsarin tuƙi mai jujjuyawa)

Wani nau'i ne na H-axis wanda ke haɗa haɗin hagu da dama a hankali (kamar makamai masu tsayi biyu da aka haɗa da juna don daidaitawa). Don haka, yana kama da madaidaicin gatari, amma sandar da ke haɗa raƙuman axle guda biyu yana da sassauƙa don karkatar da ƙafafun da ke kan bangarorin biyu ba su da tasiri sosai akan juna (don haka ba ya dogara ko mai zaman kanta, amma semiaxis). - mai wuya ko mai zaman kansa).

Don haka muna bukatar magudanar ruwa a nan saboda ba mu ƙara amfani da igiyar wuta don dakatar da motar a cikin iska kamar yadda muka gani tare da torsion bar da muka gani a baya. Ita ce na'urar da aka fi sani da ita a Faransa (saboda ana amfani da ita da farko don turawa) kuma tana maye gurbin tsohuwar tsarin torsion.

A kan wasu motoci, ana ba da matakin-shiga tare da madaidaicin axle na baya, yayin da mafi girman datsa yana aiki tare da dakatarwar mahaɗi da yawa.

Anan (Golf 4), ban da mashaya torsion, akwai maɓuɓɓugar ruwa. Don haka, sandunan torsion ba su kaɗai ne ke “ɗaukar” nauyi ba (haka ke faruwa akan ƙananan motoci da yawa).

yadda dakatarwar baya, axle, spring, shock absorber da lankwasa dabaran aiki)

Anan a saman akwai matakin-shigarwa na Golf na baya tare da sandar torsion (babban memba na giciye wanda ya haɗa da sandar torsion) + maɓuɓɓugar ruwa don dakatarwa kuma a ƙarshe piston mai damper don damping Don haka ... -link zuwa ƙarin ƙarfi iri-iri

triangulation biyu

(Gaba ko baya, wannan shine mafi kyawun tsarin wanzuwa ... Babu wani abu mafi kyau!)

Anan ga kashin buri biyu na Jaguar F-Pace.

Wannan tsarin yana kama da MacPherson, amma wannan lokacin yana amfani da triangles biyu. Yawancin lokaci ana ba da shi akan manyan motoci masu aiki sosai. Ana haɗe mai ɗaukar girgiza ba a cibiyar dabarar ba, amma zuwa ƙananan triangle (ƙasa). Wannan shine tsarin mafi inganci kamar yadda ake amfani dashi a cikin gasa. Fa'idar ita ce samun damar yin gyare-gyare da yawa kan yadda ginin ke aiki, wanda ke da amfani sosai, don haka a cikin gasa, kamar yadda buƙatu suka bambanta daga wannan da'ira zuwa wancan. Amma ku tuna cewa wannan tsarin ba na tsere ne kawai ba, kuma kowa yana amfani da shi akan wasu motoci. Za mu iya magana game da polyarms, tun da akwai da dama triangles (daya kafada = alwatika), amma ya kamata ka sani cewa a cikin harshen, duk da haka, an bambanta polyarms na triangulation biyu. Rashin hasara shi ne cewa yana ɗaukar sarari fiye da wasu tsarin, wanda yawanci yana rage ƙarfin taya kuma yana tsoma baki tare da dacewa da kulawar gaba (injin yana ɗaukar sararin samaniya).

Lura cewa akwai kuma sandar haɗi (wanda ke hana ƙafafun yin layi ɗaya) da kuma sandar anti-roll wanda ke da sauƙi ko žasa bisa ga saitunan da ake so.

Lura cewa zanen baya nuna sandar matsa (ko sitiyari idan yana gaba) ko mashigin anti-roll. A ƙarshe, kamar yadda yake tare da duk hotuna a wannan shafin, wurin (da siffar) na booms da haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon na iya bambanta daga abin hawa zuwa na gaba.

Anan ga Ferrari 360 Modena kashin buri biyu. Aƙalla ana iya fahimtar tsarin idan aka kwatanta da wasu ƙarin hadaddun jiragen ƙasa (masu lefi da yawa masu siffofi daban-daban).

Ga misalin da ke da ɗan sauƙin fahimta. Anan mun lura cewa wannan shine axle na gaba yayin da muke ganin haɗin gwiwar tuƙi.

Multibras

(Gaba ko baya, amma gabaɗaya muna magana ne game da dakatarwar haɗin gwiwa da yawa don yin magana game da axle na baya. Multi-link front axle yawanci ana kiransa kama-da-wane / diyya biyu triangle).

Tsarin yana kama da kashin buri guda biyu, wanda ke ba da damar yin aiki mafi kyau (idan aka kwatanta da axle torsion) godiya ga ƙarin madaidaicin kulawar chassis mai hankali. Gabaɗaya, wannan ya haɗa da haɗa dabaran tare da makamai masu yawa (4 ko 5) maimakon triangles guda biyu don haɓaka girman tsarin (dukan triangles biyu suna ɗaukar sarari da yawa!). Lura cewa kamannin su ba lallai ba ne yana da madaidaicin siffa, suna kama da sigar “mara kai” na saman su don wasu nau'ikan, yayin da wasu ba sa kama da triangles. Daban-daban kayayyaki suna da girma sosai kuma ya kamata a tuna da cewa ƙa'idar ta dogara ne akan amfani da levers da yawa (wanda kuma ana iya kiransa igiyoyi masu haɗawa ko, a takaice, “sandunan ƙarfe”) an daidaita su gabaɗaya. hudu ou biyar (yawanci 5 don axle na baya da 4 don axle na gaba). Yawancinsu masu jujjuyawa ne, wani kuma (mai yiwuwa na biyar) mai tsayin daka, daidai da hanyar mota, wato a layi daya. Sannan ana kallonta kamar hannu ya miqe.

Lura cewa akwai kuma sandar haɗi (wanda ke hana ƙafafun yin layi ɗaya) da kuma sandar anti-roll wanda ke da sauƙi ko žasa bisa ga saitunan da ake so.

Wani hasara shi ne cewa irin wannan tsarin yana da wuyar ƙira ko da ga ƙwararren injiniya. A sakamakon haka, wasu motocin da ke da tuƙi mai haɗawa da yawa na iya ɓatar da matukin jirgi waɗanda ke tsammanin ƙari. Duk da komai, taimakon na'ura mai kwakwalwa yana sauƙaƙe aikin injiniyoyi, wanda zai iya duba sakamakon su akan allon, ba tare da yin gwaje-gwaje a kan hanya ba.

Hannu na "karin" na biyar (wannan shine "tsawon hannu") yawanci yana nan akan gatari na baya, amma baya bayyana a gaba. Wannan yana hana bayan abin hawa daga sama da yawa yayin taka birki mai tsananin gaske. Bugu da ƙari, wurin, siffar levers, da wurin haɗin ƙwallon ƙwallon sun bambanta daga abin hawa zuwa na gaba (ko kuma daga injiniya ɗaya zuwa wani). Wannan siffa ce mai sauƙi wanda ke taƙaita yadda yake aiki.

Anan a ƙarshen gaba, babu hannun hannu na biyar da aka saba na babban gatari na baya. Lura cewa wannan triangulation biyu kunshi hannaye masu yawa. Triangle na sama yana samuwa ne da ratsi biyu, na ƙasa kuma ta hanyar toshe, kiban baƙar fata suna nuna waɗannan abubuwa. Mun ga irin wannan gini a kan A4 da Peugeot 407, yana nuna cewa zaki ya ƙware a fasaha!

Wani ra'ayi don ƙarin fahimtar ainihin

Rigid axle / m axle

Tsarin ƙaƙƙarfan ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin da ke iyakance jin daɗi da riƙe hanya ba shi yiwuwa ya taɓa samun mota mai irin wannan gatari.

Ƙarshen yana haɗa ƙafafu na hagu da dama tare da katako mai tsayi (axle na baya kawai). Sabili da haka, lokacin da ƙafar hagu ta sami karo, hakanan yana shafar ƙafar dama. Kullum suna haɗa su! Ana amfani da wannan tsari akan wasu manyan motoci XNUMXxXNUMX, gami da ɗaukar kaya. Don haka, ba tsarin dakatarwa bane mai zaman kansa.

Akwai nau'i biyu: madaidaicin axle na yau da kullun da kauri mara tuƙi (babu ginanniyar watsawa don fitar da ƙafafun baya).

Parallel Watt

Ba kowa ba ne, wannan tsarin axle na baya yana kama da cakuɗen axle da kashin fata. Zai fi kyau idan kai kanka ka ga hotuna a bidiyon da ke ƙasa.

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