albatross
Albatross, i.e. Jirgin sama mara matuki ga Sojojin ruwa na Poland
Daya daga cikin manufofin shirin "Image da tauraron dan adam Gane" na shirin na fasaha zamani na Yaren mutanen Poland sojojin 2013-2022 ya shafi sayan dabara unmanned a tsaye take-off da saukowa jirgin hadaddun, code-mai suna " Albatros", wanda aka yi niyya don aiki daga tudu na Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Poland. Don haka, zai zama tsarin da ma’aikatan jirgin ruwa da ma’aikata ke amfani da shi musamman a cikin teku.
Wataƙila, tambaya ta farko da ta taso yayin ambaton jirgin ruwa mai tashi a cikin jirgin ta shafi mai ɗaukarsa ne, watau. jirgi. Matsar da shi, ƙira, girma na kukfit da rataye (ko da telescopic) yana ƙayyade ma'aunin dabara da fasaha na abin hawa mara matuki. Halin halin da sojojin ruwa na Poland ke ciki da kuma karancin jiragen ruwa na zamani na iya haifar da shakku kan cewa siyan jiragen sama kirar UAV a cikin irin wannan yanayi ba zai tabarbare ba.
Hazard Perry, jirgin ORP Kontradmirał Xawery Czernicki kuma nan da nan ya yi sintiri jirgin ORP Ślązak. Duk da haka, shawarar da Ma'aikatar Tsaro da Tsaro ta Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta watan Disamba ta yanke shawara, wato komawa ga aiwatar da shirin gina jiragen ruwa na bakin teku na Mechnik, ya tilasta sababbin jiragen ruwa a kan ajandar, wanda zai kasance ko dai corvettes ko frigates. , kuma uku daga cikinsu za a ƙara su zuwa Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Poland fiye da 2025, kamar yadda aka nuna a dandalin Tsaro na Maritime na kwanan nan. Don haka, ana iya ɗauka cewa za a samu dabarar "Ƙarfin UAV mai ɗan gajeren zango tare da ƙaddamarwa a tsaye" tare da Mechnikovs (wanda shirin shi ma yana kan haɓaka lokacin da aka yi hasashen Albatross).
Dabara, menene?
Kafin mu fara yin la'akari da abin da sigogi da kayan aiki na gaba Albatross ya kamata ya kasance, ya zama dole don kafa abin da IU ta fahimta ta kalmar "dabaru" UAV. Abubuwan buƙatun da aka bayyana don kewayon, tsawon lokacin jirgin da kuma ɗaukar nauyi na gabaɗaya ne kuma suna tafasa ƙasa don yin rikodin damar, mafi girma, mafi girma, mafi girma. Hakanan ya shafi saurin tashi da ake iya samu. Koyaya, lafazin alamar alama ce: Ana ba da shawarar cewa nauyin ɗaukar nauyi na dandamali ɗaya na iska bai wuce 200 kg ba (MTOW - matsakaicin nauyin ɗaukar nauyi). Don haka, UAV ɗin da ake nema yana tsakanin I da II aji na UAVs bisa ga rabe-raben NATO. Class I ya haɗa da na'urori masu nauyin ƙasa da 150 kg, da kuma aji II - daga 150 zuwa 600 kg. An fassara ma'auni da girma na UAV a cikin radius na aiki, wanda, tare da nauyin ɗaukar nauyin ME, ana iya ƙayyade shi azaman 100÷150 km. Wannan kuma ya biyo baya daga kewayon rediyo. Dole ne UAV ya tashi a cikin yankin ɗaukar hoto (a fagen gani) na eriyar sadarwa (ikon jirgin sama da watsa bayanan bincike) akan jirgin, wannan buƙatun yana cikin buƙatun aiki, ko kuma yana iya shawo kan wani ɓangare na hanyar kai tsaye, ciki har da bincike, bayan shirye-shiryen farko, amma ba zai iya watsa bayanan sirri a ainihin lokacin ba. Tare da nauyin tashi har zuwa kilogiram 200, Albatross ba zai sami tsarin sadarwar tauraron dan adam ba. Wani yuwuwar kuma shine isar da sigina, amma, na farko, babu irin wannan buƙatu, na biyu kuma, wannan yana nufin haɓakar adadin UAV a cikin jirgin idan wani UAV mai tashi dole ne ya samar da relaying (wani yuwuwar ita ce relaying ta wani jirgin sama. misali, manned, amma a cikin Yaren mutanen Poland haƙiƙanin waɗannan la'akari ne kawai na ka'idar).
Amma ga sauran alamomi na sararin samaniya, ana iya ɗauka cewa saurin jirgin ba zai wuce 200 km / h (gudun tafiya mai yiwuwa zai zama kadan fiye da 100 km / h), kuma tsawon lokacin jirgin zai kasance a cikin kewayon ~ 4 ÷ 8. sa'o'i. Yana yiwuwa a wuce tsayi fiye da 1000 m, amma tsayin jirgin na sintiri ba zai wuce 'yan mita dari ba. Baya ga yanayin aikin, waɗannan sigogi za su yi tasiri ta hanyar ƙirar UAV da aka zaɓa, da yanayin yanayin ruwa.
VTOL
A cikin raha, zaɓin sunan lambar shirin yana nuna cewa kewayon da tsawon lokacin tashi yana gaba da VTOL. Bayan haka, albatrosses sun shahara don yin nisa mai nisa godiya ga tafiya a kan fuka-fukinsu tare da tazarar kusan mita uku ("Halayen fasaha" sun fi kusa da MQ-4C Triton fiye da UAV da MO ke son saya). Fuka-fuki iri ɗaya suna hana waɗannan tsuntsaye tashi da sauri da sauƙi (dole ne su yi gudu), da kuma yin saukowa daidai a wani wuri. Haka kuma albatrosses suma sun shahara da wannan ƙulli a ƙasa.
Amma da gaske, yanayin tashin hankali a tsaye da saukowa daga bene na jirgin ya rage yiwuwar tsarin tsarin da za a iya gina Albatross na gaba. Mafi sauƙaƙan bayani zai kasance helikwafta mara matuki. Irin waɗannan injunan sun shahara a duk faɗin duniya don aikace-aikacen irin su Albatross. Akwai, ba shakka, ƙarin avant-garde ko hanyoyin tashi da saukar ƙasa. Ci gaban inji, wanda aka ayyana ta hanyar gajarta ta Ingilishi VTOL (ko V / STOL), wani ɓangare ne na tarihin jirgin sama, wanda, duk da haka, ba shine batun wannan labarin ba. Ya isa a ce a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, an gwada ra'ayoyi daban-daban don sauye-sauye daga jirgin sama zuwa gaba da kuma akasin haka, kuma kaɗan ne kawai aka aiwatar. Musamman saboda ci gaban na'urorin lantarki da ke samar da tukin jirgin. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan ra'ayoyin sun juya (aƙalla a lokacin gwaji) zuwa motocin marasa matuƙa. A lokaci guda, idan muka yi la'akari da gwaje-gwaje, motocin farar hula ko na kasuwanci mara matuki, to tabbas babu wani tsarin motsa jiki wanda ba a gwada shi ba.
