Tsaron iska mai aiki na Warsaw a cikin 1939

Tsaron iska mai aiki na Warsaw a cikin 1939. Warsaw, Vienna Railway Station area (kusurwar Marszałkowska Street da Jerusalem Alley). 7,92mm Browning wz. 30 a kan sansanin hana jiragen sama.

A lokacin yakin tsaro na Poland, wani muhimmin bangare nasa shi ne yakin Warsaw, wanda aka yi yakin har zuwa Satumba 27, 1939. Ayyukan da ke ƙasa an bayyana su daki-daki. Mafi ƙarancin sani shine yaƙin tsaron sararin sama na babban birnin da ke aiki, musamman ma makaman kariya daga jiragen sama.

A shekarar 1937 ne aka gudanar da shirye-shiryen tsaron sararin samaniyar babban birnin kasar. An danganta su da kafa da shugaban kasar Poland a watan Yuni 1936 na State Air Defence Inspectorate karkashin jagorancin Manjo Janar V. Orlich-Drezer, da kuma bayan mugun mutuwarsa a ranar 17 ga Yuli, 1936, brig. Dokta Jozef Zajonc. A karshen ya fara aiki a watan Agusta 1936 a kan kungiyar na iska tsaron jihar. A cikin Afrilu 1937, tare da taimakon ɗimbin rukuni na ma'aikata na kayan aikin soja, masana kimiyya da wakilan gwamnatin farar hula, an haɓaka manufar tsaron iska ta jihar. Sakamakonsa shi ne nadin da aka yi a kasar, da dai sauransu, na cibiyoyi 17 na soja da tattalin arziki, wadanda dole ne a kiyaye su daga hare-haren jiragen sama. A cikin sassan gundumomi na gundumomi, an kafa tsarin kula da yankin iska. An kewaye kowace cibiyoyin da sarƙoƙi biyu na ginshiƙai na gani, ɗaya daga cikinsu yana da nisan kilomita 100 daga tsakiyar, ɗayan kuma kilomita 60. Kowane matsayi ya kamata a kasance a cikin yanki mai nisan kilomita 10 daga juna - ta yadda komai tare ya zama tsari guda a cikin kasar. Mukamai suna da nau'i-nau'i iri-iri: sun hada da 'yan sanda, jami'an da ba na ba da izini ba da kuma masu zaman kansu na ajiyar da ba a sanya su cikin soja ba, ma'aikatan gidan waya, masu halartar horon soja, masu sa kai ('yan kallo, mambobin kungiyar tsaro ta iska da gas) , da kuma mata. An sanye su da: tarho, binoculars da compass. An shirya irin waɗannan maki 800 a cikin ƙasar, kuma an haɗa wayoyin su zuwa wurin lura da yanki (cibiyar). By Satumba 1939, a cikin ginin na Yaren mutanen Poland Post a kan titi. Poznanskaya in Warsaw. Mafi girman hanyar sadarwa na posts ya bazu a kusa da Warsaw - 17 platoons da 12 posts.

An shigar da wata na'ura a cikin saitunan tarho a wuraren da aka aika, wanda ya ba da damar yin sadarwa ta atomatik tare da cibiyar, yana kashe duk tattaunawa akan layi tsakanin post da tankin kallo. A kan kowace tanki akwai kwamandoji tare da ma'aikatan da ba na ba da izini ba da kuma 'yan sigina na yau da kullun. Tankin dai an yi niyya ne don karbar rahotanni daga wuraren da ake lura da shi, da gargadin wuraren da ke cikin hadarin lalacewa, da kuma babban tankin lura. Hanya ta ƙarshe ita ce muhimmin sashin kula da kwamandan tsaron sama na ƙasar da kuma wani muhimmin sashi na hedkwatarsa. Dukkanin tsarin dangane da yawa ya kasance matalauta sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙasashen yamma. Wani karin hasarar da ta yi shi ne ta yi amfani da musanyar wayar tarho da kuma sadarwar wayar tarho na kasar, wadanda ke da saukin wargajewa yayin fadan - kuma hakan ya faru cikin sauri.

A shekarar 1938 ne aka kara kaimi wajen karfafa tsarin tsaron sama na kasar musamman a shekarar 1939. Barazanar harin Jamus kan Poland ya zama gaskiya. A cikin shekarar yakin, kawai 4 miliyan zloty aka kasafta domin ci gaban da sa ido cibiyar sadarwa. An umurci manyan masana'antun masana'antu mallakin gwamnati su siya da kudinsu wani platoon na 40-mm wz. 38 Bofors (kudade PLN 350). Ma’aikata ne za su rika daukar ma’aikata, sannan sojoji ne suka ba su horo. Ma'aikatan wannan masana'antar da jami'an ajiyar da aka ba su ba su da shiri sosai don kula da bindigu na zamani da kuma yaki da jiragen saman abokan gaba a kan gaugawa da takaita kwasa-kwasan lalata.

A cikin Maris 1939, Birgediya Janar Dr. Józef Zajonc. A cikin wannan watan, an ɗauki matakai don ƙara inganta yanayin fasaha na sabis na sa ido. Rundunar Sojan Sama na birnin M. Sojoji. nema daga kwamandojin gundumomi na Corps buƙatun don shirye-shiryen sabbin musayar tarho ta atomatik da na'urorin wayar tarho, ƙara yawan layukan wayar kai tsaye, da dai sauransu 1 mota) tare da ƙungiyoyin lura 13, brigades tarho 75 da ƙungiyoyin rediyo 353 (na yau da kullun). matsayi: 14 N9S tashoshin rediyo da 19 RKD tashoshin rediyo) .

A cikin lokacin daga Maris 22 zuwa Maris 25, 1939, matukan jirgi na III / 1st Fighter Squadron sun shiga atisayen don kare shingen babban birnin. A saboda haka ne aka samu gibi a tsarin sa ido kan tsaron birnin. Ko da mafi muni, ya juya cewa mayaƙin PZL-11 ya yi jinkiri sosai lokacin da suke so su shiga cikin sauri PZL-37 Łoś bombers. Dangane da sauri, ya dace don yaƙar Fokker F. VII, Lublin R-XIII da PZL-23 Karaś. An maimaita atisayen a cikin watanni masu zuwa. Yawancin jiragen makiya sun tashi a cikin gudu mai kama da sauri fiye da PZL-37 Łoś.

Warsaw ba a saka shi cikin tsare-tsaren kwamandan ayyukan yaƙi a ƙasa a cikin 1939 ba. Bisa la'akari da muhimmancin da take da shi ga kasar - a matsayin babbar cibiyar ikon gwamnati, babbar cibiyar masana'antu da cibiyar sadarwa mai mahimmanci - dole ne ta shirya don yakar jiragen makiya. Mahadar layin dogo na Warsaw tare da titin jirgin kasa biyu da gadoji biyu a fadin Vistula sun sami mahimmancin dabarun. Godiya ga ci gaba da sadarwa, yana yiwuwa a hanzarta canja wurin sojoji daga gabashin Poland zuwa yamma, isar da kayayyaki ko motsa sojoji.

Babban birnin shi ne birni mafi girma a yawan jama'a da yanki a kasar. Har zuwa 1 ga Satumba, 1939, mutane miliyan 1,307 miliyan 380 ne suka zauna a cikinta, ciki har da kusan dubu 22. Yahudawa. Birnin yana da faɗi: tun daga Satumba 1938, 14, ya shimfiɗa a kan kadada 148 (141 km²), wanda ɓangaren bankin hagu ya kasance kadada 9179 (ginin 17 063), da bankin dama - 4293 ​​8435 kadada (676 63). gine-gine), da kuma Vistula - kimanin 50 ha. Matsakaicin iyakar birnin ya kasance kilomita 14. Daga cikin jimlar yanki, ban da Vistula, an gina kusan kashi 5% na yankin; a kan titin da aka ƙera da murabba'ai, a wuraren shakatawa, murabba'ai da kaburbura - 1%; don wuraren layin dogo - 30% kuma na wuraren ruwa - XNUMX%. Sauran, watau kusan XNUMX%, an shagaltar da shi ta wurin da ba a haɓaka ba tare da wuraren da ba a buɗe ba, tituna da lambuna masu zaman kansu.

Ana shirin Tsaro

Kafin a fara yakin, an inganta ka'idojin tsaron iska na babban birnin kasar. Ta hanyar umarnin kwamandan tsaron iska na Cibiyar Warsaw, ƙungiyar tsaro mai aiki, tsaro mai ƙarfi da tankin bincike tare da cibiyar sigina suna ƙarƙashin iko. Bangare na farko ya hada da: jirgin sama na yaki, bindigogin kakkabo jiragen sama, bindigogin kakkabo jiragen sama, balloons mai shinge, fitulun binciken jiragen sama. A daya bangaren kuma, an shirya tsarin kare sirrin ne bisa kowane dan kasa karkashin jagorancin jahohi da na kananan hukumomi, da kuma jami’an kashe gobara, ‘yan sanda, da asibitoci.

Komawa ga kariya mai aiki na shingen, jirgin sama ya haɗa da Birgediya Birgediya da aka kafa musamman don wannan aikin. An kafa hedkwatarsa ​​ta hanyar odar gangami a safiyar ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1939. A cikin bazara na 1937, an haifi wannan ra'ayin don ƙirƙirar ƙungiyar farauta ta musamman don kare babban birnin, wanda daga baya aka kira shi Birgediya Birgediya. Daga nan ne Babban Sufeto na Rundunar Sojin kasar ya bayar da umarnin kafa wata kungiyar PTS mai kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Babban Hafsan Tsaro mai aikin kare babban birnin kasar. Sai aka dauka daga gabas ne zai fito. An ba da rukunin rukunin mayakan Warsaw biyu na runduna ta farko ta iska - III / 1 da IV / 1. Idan aka yi yaƙi, ƙungiyoyin biyu (dions) za su yi aiki daga filayen saukar jiragen sama kusa da birnin. An zabi wurare biyu: a Zielonka, a wancan lokacin birnin yana da nisan kilomita 1 daga gabashin babban birnin kasar, kuma a gonar Obora, kilomita 10 kudu da birnin. An canza wuri na ƙarshe zuwa Pomiechwek, kuma a yau shine yankin gundumar Wieliszew.

Bayan sanarwar taron gaggawa a ranar 24 ga Agusta, 1939, an kafa hedkwatar rundunar, wanda ya ƙunshi: kwamanda - Laftanar Kanal. Stefan Pawlikovsky (Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Sama ta 1st), Mataimakin Laftanar Kanar. Leopold Pamula, Shugaban Ma'aikata - Major Dipl. sha. Eugeniusz Wyrwicki, jami'in dabara - kyaftin. dipl. sha. Stefan Lashkevich, jami'in ayyuka na musamman - kyaftin. sha. Stefan Kolodynski, jami'in fasaha, 1st laftanar. fasaha. Franciszek Centar, jami'in samar da kayayyaki Capt. sha. Tadeusz Grzymilas, kwamandan hedkwatar - cap. sha. Julian Plodovsky, adjutant - Laftanar bene. Zbigniew Kustrzynski. Kamfanin leken asiri na rediyo na anti-aircraft na 5 a karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin V. Janar Tadeusz Legeżyński (1 N3 / S da 1 N2L / L rediyo) da kuma filin jirgin saman tsaron Air (8 platoons) - 650 Hotchkiss irin manyan bindigogi ( Kwamandan Laftanar Anthony Yazvetsky). Bayan kammala taron, rundunar ta kunshi sojoji kusan 65, ciki har da jami’ai 54. Ya ƙunshi mayaka 3, jirgin sama 8 RWD-1 (lambar sadarwa mai lamba 83) da matukan jirgi 24. Dukkanin rundunonin biyu sun ba da maɓallan jira na jirage biyu, waɗanda ke bakin aiki a cikin rataye a Okents tun ranar 1 ga Agusta. An tafi da takardar izinin sojoji kuma an hana su fita daga filin jirgin. Matukin jirgin sun cika da kayan aiki: tufafin fata, takalman gashi da safar hannu, da kuma taswirorin kewayen Warsaw akan sikelin 300: 000 29. Tawagar tawago hudu sun tashi daga Okentse zuwa filayen saukar jiragen sama a ranar 18 ga Agusta da karfe 00.

Brigade yana da squadrons biyu na 1st Air Rejiment: III / 1, wanda aka located a Zielonka kusa da Warsaw (kwamanda, kyaftin Zdzislaw Krasnodenbsky: 111th da 112th fighter squadrons) da IV / 1, wanda ya je Poniatow kusa da Jablonna (Kyaftin Pilot). Adam Kowalczyk: 113th da 114th EM). Dangane da filin jirgin sama a Poniatów, yana hannun Count Zdzisław Groholski, a wani wurin da mazauna suka bayyana a matsayin Pyzhovy Kesh.

Tawagogi hudu suna da PZL-44a da C mayakan 11. A wasu, ban da guda biyu na aiki tare 1 mm wz. 21 PVU tare da harsashi 1 a kowace bindigu an samo su na karin kilomita biyu a cikin fikafikan zagaye 23 kowanne.

Har zuwa 1 ga Satumba a kusa da 6: 10 123. EM daga III/2 Dyon daga 10 PZL P.7a ya sauka a Poniatów. Don ƙarfafa brigade, an umurci matukan jirgin na 2nd Aviation Regiment daga Krakow da su tashi zuwa Okentse a Warsaw a ranar 31 ga Agusta. Sa'an nan, da sanyin safiyar 1 ga Satumba, sun tashi zuwa Poniatow.

Brigade ba ta haɗa da raka'a masu mahimmanci don aikinta a lokacin yaƙi ba: kamfani na filin jirgin sama, ginshiƙin jigilar kayayyaki da jirgin ruwa na wayar hannu. Wannan ya raunana sosai don kula da iyawarsa, ciki har da gyaran kayan aiki a filin da kuma motsa jiki.

Bisa ga tsare-tsaren, an sanya brigade na zalunci a karkashin jagorancin Colonel V. Art. Kazimierz Baran (1890-1974). Bayan shawarwarin, Kanar Pawlikovsky tare da kwamandan tsaron sama na cibiyar Warsaw da kuma hedkwatar babban kwamandan rundunar sojin sama, an amince da cewa rundunar za ta yi aiki da kanta a yankin da ke wajen yankin da aka kai hari a cibiyar Warsaw. .

Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Warsaw ta hada da kwamandan Cibiyar Tsaro ta Warsaw, karkashin jagorancin Kanar Kazimierz Baran (Kwamandan Rundunar Sojin Jiragen Sama a lokacin zaman lafiya, Kwamandan runduna ta 1st anti-jirgin sama na Marshal Eduard Rydz-Smigly a Warsaw 1936-1939); Mataimakin Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Sama na Tsaron Sama na Active - Laftanar Kanar Franciszek Joras; Shugaban ma’aikata Major Dipl. Anthony Mordasevich; adjutant - kyaftin. Jakub Chmielewski; jami'in hulda - capt. Konstantin Adamsky; Jami'in kayan aiki - Kyaftin Jan Dzyalak da ma'aikata, ƙungiyar sadarwa, direbobi, masu jigilar kaya - kusan masu zaman kansu 50 gabaɗaya.

An sanar da tara rundunan tsaron sararin sama a daren 23-24 ga Agusta, 1939. Yanar Gizo na hedkwatar tsaron sama. A cikin Warsaw, akwai wani bunker a bankin Handlowy akan titi. Mazowiecka 16 in Warsaw. Ya fara aiki a karshen watan Agusta 1939 kuma ya yi aiki a can har zuwa 25 ga Satumba. Sa'an nan, har sai da mika wuya, yana cikin ma'ajiyar rundunar tsaro ta Warsaw a kan titi. Marshalkovskaya a cikin ginin OPM.

A ranar 31 ga Agusta, 1939, an ba da odar gaggawa ga manyan bindigogi. Don haka, an jibge na'urorin harba jiragen yaki na rundunar tsaron sararin samaniyar kasar a wuraren muhimman masana'antu, sadarwa, soji da na gudanarwa. An tattara mafi yawan adadin raka'a a babban birnin kasar. Sauran sojojin an ware su ne ga manyan masana'antu da sansanonin jiragen sama.

An aika da bindigogin anti-aircraft guda hudu zuwa Warsaw (masana'antu: 75, 11, 101, 102), batir manyan bindigogi 103-mm guda biyar (masana'antu: 75, 101, 102, 103., 156.), 157 1 mm anti-jirgin bindigogi tarakta baturi. Don wannan an ƙara 75 biyu-bindigu Semi-tashi anti-aircraft bindigogi platoons - platoons: 13, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109.), uku "masana'antu" platoons (Zakłady Pády). 110, PZL No. 1 suna nunawa da Polskie Zakłady Optical) da kuma ƙarin shirin "jirgin sama" No. 2. Na karshen bai yi biyayya ga colonel ba. Baran kuma ya rufe tashar jirgin sama mai lamba 181 na filin jirgin Okentse. Amma ga Airbase No. 1 a Okęcie, ban da biyu Bofors, an kare shi da 1 Hotchkiss nauyi inji bindigogi da kuma yiwuwa da yawa 12 mm wz. 13,2 Hotchkisses (watakila biyar?).

Dangane da baturan anti-jirgin sama, mafi girman ɓangaren dakarun yana cikin Warsaw: 10 batir na dindindin wz. 97 da wz. 97/25 (40 75 mm bindigogi), 1 trailed baturi (2 75 mm bindigogi wz. 97/17), 1 motor day (3 motor baturi - 12 75 mm bindigogi wz. 36St), 5 Semi-dimbin batura (20 75) mm wz.37St bindigogi). Jimlar batura 19 na bindigogi 75-mm na zane iri-iri, jimillar bindigogi 74. An kare babban birnin da mafi yawan sabbin 75mm wz. 36St da wz. 37St daga Starachowice - 32 cikin 44 da aka samar. Ba duk batura masu bindigogi na zamani 75-mm sun sami na'urori na tsakiya ba, wanda ya iyakance iyawar su. Kafin yakin, takwas ne kawai daga cikin wadannan kyamarori. A cikin yanayin wannan na'urar, A wz ne. 36 PZO-Lev tsarin, wanda yana da manyan sassa uku:

a) Stereoscopic rangefinder tare da tushe na 3 m (daga baya tare da tushe na 4 m da girma na sau 24), altimeter da gudun mita. Godiya ga su, an auna kewayon zuwa ga abin da aka lura, da kuma tsayi, gudu da kuma jagorancin jirgin dangane da matsayi na baturi na bindigogi masu saukar ungulu.

b) Kalkuleta mai jujjuya bayanai daga naúrar kewayon (la'akari da gyare-gyaren da kwamandan baturi ya yi) zuwa ma'aunin harbe-harbe na kowane gun na baturin, watau. a kwance kusurwa (azimuth), tsawo kwana na gun ganga da kuma nisa a wanda fuse dole ne a shigar da projectile da ake harba - abin da ake kira. ware.

c) Tsarin wutar lantarki a ƙarƙashin wutar lantarki na DC (4V). Ya aika wa masu karɓa guda uku da aka sanya a kan kowane ɗayan bindigogin da ma'aunin harbe-harbe ya haɓaka ta hanyar juzu'i.

An ɓoye gaba ɗaya na'urar ta tsakiya a cikin akwatuna na musamman guda shida yayin sufuri. Tawagar da ta samu horo sosai tana da mintuna 30 don bunkasa ta, watau. sauyawa daga tafiya zuwa matsayi na fama.

Sojoji 15 ne ke sarrafa na'urar, biyar daga cikinsu suna cikin tawagar masu binciken zango, biyar kuma a cikin tawagar lissafi, biyar na karshe kuma suna sarrafa na'urorin da aka dora a kan bindigogi. Ayyukan ma'aikata a masu karɓa shine tabbatar da alamun karkatarwa ba tare da ɗaukar karatu da aunawa ba. Lokacin alamun yana nufin cewa bindigar ta shirya sosai don harba. Na'urar ta yi aiki da kyau lokacin da abin da aka lura ya kasance a nesa daga 2000 m zuwa 11000 m, a tsawo na 800 m zuwa 8000 m kuma yana motsawa a cikin gudun 15 zuwa 110 m / s, kuma lokacin jirgin na projectile bai kasance ba. fiye da daƙiƙa 35 Ko da mafi kyawun sakamakon harbi, ana iya yin gyare-gyare iri bakwai akan kalkuleta. Sun yarda, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, yin la'akari: tasirin iska a kan hanyar jirgin na projectile, motsi na manufa a lokacin lodi da jirgin sama, nisa tsakanin na'ura na tsakiya da matsayi na baturi na bindigogi, da dai sauransu. - da ake kira. parallax.

Kamfanin na Faransa Optique et Precision de Levallois ne ya kera kyamarar farko ta wannan jerin. Sa'an nan kuma an yi kwafi na biyu, na uku da na huɗu a wani ɓangare a Optique et Precision de Levallois (mai ganowa da duk sassan kalkuleta) da kuma wani ɓangare a Kamfanin Factory Optical na Yaren mutanen Poland SA (taron na'ura na tsakiya da samar da duk masu karɓar bindiga). A cikin sauran kyamarori na Optique et Precision de Levallois, kawai masu gano kewayon da simintin gyare-gyaren aluminium na sassan kwamfuta sun fito daga Faransa. Aiki don inganta na'urorin tsakiya ya ci gaba koyaushe. An shirya kwafin farko na sabon samfurin tare da mai ganowa tare da tushe na 5 m zuwa Polskie Zakłady Optyczne SA zuwa Maris 1, 1940.

Baya ga baturi 75 mm, akwai 14 semi-dindindin platoons tare da 40 mm wz. 38 "Bofors": 10 soja, uku "masana'antu" da kuma daya "iska", jimlar 28 40-mm bindigogi. Nan take Kanar Baran ya aika da sojoji biyar don kare wuraren da ke wajen babban birnin kasar:

a) a kan Palmyra - ma'ajiyar harsasai, reshe na Babban Ma'ajiyar Makamai Na 1 - 4 bindigogi;

b) a cikin Rembertov - gunpowder factory

- 2 aiki;

c) zuwa Łowicz - kewaye da birni da tashoshin jirgin kasa

- 2 aiki;

d) zuwa Gura Kalwaria - a kusa da gada akan Vistula - 2 ayyuka.

Tara ta rage a babban birnin kasar, ciki har da "masana'antu" uku da "iska".

A game da runduna 10 da aka tattara a runduna ta 1, an kafa su a bariki a Bernerow a ranakun 27-29 ga Agusta. An samar da ingantattun ƙungiyoyi daga ragowar ƙungiyoyin jama'a, galibi daga masu zaman kansu da jami'an ajiyar kuɗi. Matasa, ƙwararrun jami'ai an ba su damar yin amfani da batura na ƙungiyoyin sojoji (bindigu na A - 4) ko brigades na sojan doki (bindigu na B - 2). Matsayin horo na masu ajiyar ya kasance a fili ƙasa da na ƙwararrun ma'aikatan, kuma jami'an ajiyar ba su san Warsaw da kewaye ba. An janye dukkan 'yan sanda zuwa wuraren harbe-harbe.

har zuwa 30 ga Agusta.

A cikin Cibiyar Tsaro ta Air Defence na Cibiyar Warsaw akwai jami'ai 6, masu zaman kansu 50, a cikin batirin tsaron sararin sama jami'ai 103 da masu zaman kansu 2950, ​​jimillar jami'ai 109 da masu zaman kansu 3000. Don aikin tsaro na sararin sama a kan Warsaw a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1939, bindigogi 74 na caliber 75 mm da bindigogi 18 na 40 mm caliber wz. 38 Bofors, jimlar bindigogi 92. A lokaci guda kuma, ana iya amfani da biyu daga cikin kamfanonin bindigu guda biyar da aka tsara na nau'in "B" don yaƙi (Platoons 4 na bindigogi 4, jimlar manyan bindigogi 32, 10. jami'ai da masu zaman kansu 380, ba tare da ababen hawa ba; sauran kamfanoni uku na nau'in A (tare da karusan doki) kwamandan jiragen sama da na tsaro ne ya tura su rufe wasu cibiyoyi. Bugu da kari, akwai kamfanoni uku na fitilun binciken jiragen sama: na 11, 14, 17, wanda ya kunshi jami'ai 21 da masu zaman kansu 850. Jimillar runduna 10 tare da fitilun Maison Bréguet da Sautter-Harlé guda 36, ​​da kuma kamfanonin balloon guda biyar na kusan jami'ai 10, maza 400 da suka shiga da balloon 50.

A ranar 31 ga Agusta, an tura bindigogin anti-jirgin 75 mm zuwa rukuni hudu:

1. "Vostok" - 103rd Semi-didindindin manyan bindigogi squadron na sashe (kwamanda Major Mieczysław Zilber; 4 bindigogi wz. 97 da kuma 12 bindigogi na 75 mm wz. 97/25 caliber) da 103rd Semi-didindindin manyan bindigogi batir na artillery baturi. nau'in I (duba Kędzierski – 4 37 mm bindigogi wz.75St.

2. "Arewa": 101st Semi-diddiddigar manyan bindigogi squadron Plot (kwamandan Major Michal Khrol-Frolovich, squadron batura da kwamandan: 104. - Laftanar Leon Svyatopelk-Mirsky, 105 - Kyaftin Cheslav Maria Geraltovsky, 106 Kyaftin Anthony C. - 12 wz. 97/25 caliber 75 mm; 101. Semi-permanent artillery baturi Sashe na nau'in I (kwamanda Laftanar Vincenty Dombrovsky; 4 bindigogi wz. 37St, caliber 75 mm).

3. "Kudu" - 102nd Semi-permanent artillery squadron Plot (Kwamanda Manjo Roman Nemchinsky, Battery Commanders: 107th - Reserve Laftanar Edmund Scholz, 108th - Laftanar Vaclav Kaminsky, 109th - Laftanar. 12 mm), 97. Semi-di-diddiddigar da bindigogi baturi District type I (kwamanda Laftanar Vladislav Shpiganovich; 25 bindigogi wz. 75St, caliber 102 mm).

4. "Matsakaici" - 11th motorized anti-aircraft artillery squadron, ƙarfafa ta 156th da 157th type I Semi-diddidindindin batura (kowace da 4 37-mm bindigogi wz. 75St).

Bugu da kari, an aika da 1st District Artillery and Tractor Battery zuwa Sekerki (kwamanda - Lieutenant Zygmunt Adessman; 2 cannons 75 mm wz. 97/17), da kuma wani semi-didindindin "iska" platoon ya kare Okentse filin jirgin sama Okentse - observatory kyaftin Miroslav. Prodan, kwamandan kwamandan rundunar sojojin sama na 1, matukin jirgi Alfred Belina-Grodsky - bindigogi 2 40-mm

wz. 38 Bofors).

Yawancin manyan bindigogi masu matsakaicin tsayi na mm 75 (batura 10) suna da kayan aiki daga yakin duniya na farko. Kewayo ko na'urorin aunawa ba za su iya kaiwa ko rikodin saurin jirgin na Jamus ba, wanda ke yawo da sauri da sauri. Na'urori masu aunawa a cikin batura masu dauke da tsoffin bindigogin Faransa na iya samun nasarar harba jirgin sama da ke tashi cikin sauri da ya kai kilomita 200 / h.

Tsakanin manyan bindigogin bindigu na yaƙi da jiragen sama kowannensu dauke da bindigogi 2 na 40mm wz. 38 "Bofors" an sanya su a cikin muhimman sassa na birnin: gadoji, masana'antu da filin jirgin sama. Yawan platoons: 105th (laftanar / laftanar / Stanislav Dmukhovsky), 106th (laftanar mazaunin Witold M. Pyasetsky), 107th ( kyaftin Zygmunt Jezersky), 108th (cadet Commander Nikolai Dunin-Martsinkevich), 109. S. Pyasecki) da kuma "ma'aikata" Yaren mutanen Poland jinginar gidaje na Optics (kwamandan NN), biyu "ma'aikata" platoons: PZL "Motniki" (karba da Yaren mutanen Poland Tsire-tsire na Lotnichny Ƙarshe Motnikov Nr 1 a Warsaw, kwamandan - mai ritaya kyaftin Jakub Jan Hruby) da kuma PZL “Płatowce” (Polskie Zakłady Lotnicze Wytwórnia Płatowców No. 1 a Warsaw, kwamanda - N.N.).

Game da Bofors, wz. 36, da yaƙi na dindindin, "masana'antu" da "iska" platoons sun karɓi wz. 38. Babban bambance-bambancen shi ne, na farko yana da gatari biyu, na biyun kuma yana da gatari guda. Ƙafafun na ƙarshe, bayan canja wurin bindiga daga tafiya zuwa yaƙi, an katse su kuma ya tsaya a kan tushe mai tushe uku. Platoons masu ƙarfi ba su da motsin motsin nasu, amma ana iya haɗa bindigoginsu zuwa tug kuma a koma wani wuri.

Bugu da ƙari, ba duk bindigogin Bofors ba ne ke da K.3 rangefinders da tushe na 1,5 m (sun auna nisa zuwa manufa). Kafin yakin, an sayi kimanin 140 masu bincike a Faransa kuma an samar da su a karkashin lasisi na PZO a 9000 zlotys na kusan bindigogi 500 na jiragen sama. Babu ɗayansu da ya karɓi ma'aunin saurin gudu, wanda "ba su da lokaci" don siyan kafin yaƙin 5000 zlotys, saboda ɗaya daga cikin dalilan dogon zaɓin zaɓi wanda ya kasance daga bazara 1937 zuwa Afrilu 1939. Bi da bi, na'urar auna gudu, wanda ke auna gudu da tafiyar jirgin, ya ba wa Bofors damar gudanar da ingantaccen wuta.

Rashin kayan aiki na musamman ya rage tasirin bindigogi sosai. Harbi a abin da ake kira farautar ido, wanda ya inganta "hukunce-hukuncen al'amurra" a cikin manyan bindigogin jiragen sama a lokacin zaman lafiya, yana da kyau don harba duck pellets, kuma ba a wani jirgin saman abokan gaba yana motsawa a cikin gudun kusan 100 m / s a ​​nesa na har zuwa 4 km - filin tasiri mai tasiri na Bofors. Ba duk bindigogin rigakafin jiragen sama na zamani ba ne ke da aƙalla wasu na'urorin aunawa na gaske.

Bin brigade a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe don Warsaw

Jamus ta mamaye Poland a ranar 1 ga Satumba, 1939, da sassafe da ƙarfe 4:45 na safe. Babban makasudin Luftwaffe shine tashi don tallafawa Wehrmacht tare da lalata jirgin saman soja na Poland da cin nasarar sararin sama mai alaƙa da wannan. Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi ba da fifikon jiragen sama a farkon zamanin shi ne filayen jiragen sama da sansanonin jiragen sama.

Bayanai game da farkon yaƙin sun isa hedkwatar brigade masu tsanantawa da ƙarfe 5 na safe albarkacin rahoto daga ofishin ƴan sandan jihar da ke Suwałki. An ayyana faɗakarwar faɗa. Ba da daɗewa ba gidan rediyon Warsaw ya sanar da fara yaƙin. Masu sa ido kan hanyoyin sadarwa sun ba da rahoton kasancewar jiragen kasashen waje da ke shawagi a wurare daban-daban a tudu. Ofishin 'yan sanda daga Mława ya aika da labarai game da jiragen da ke tashi zuwa Warsaw. Kwamandan ya bada umarnin kaddamar da dion guda biyu nan take. Da safe, a kusa da 00: 7, 50 PZL-21s daga III/11 daga 1 PZL-22 da 11 PZL-3s daga IV/7 Dyon sun tashi.

Jiragen makiya sun yi shawagi a babban birnin kasar daga arewa. Poles sun kiyasta adadinsu a kusan 80 Heinkel He 111 da Dornier Do 17 masu tayar da bama-bamai da 20 Messerschmitt Me 110. A yankin da ke tsakanin Warsaw, Jablona, ​​Zegrze da Radzymin, an gwabza yakin sama kusan 8 a tsayin 00-2000. m: 3000 da safe, da yawa ƙasa da samuwar ƙungiyoyin masu tayar da bama-bamai uku - 35 He 111 daga II (K) / LG 1 a cikin murfin 24 Me 110 daga I (Z) / LG 1. Ƙungiyoyin bama-bamai sun fara da karfe 7:25 a cikin tazarar mintuna na 5. An yi yaƙe-yaƙe na iska da dama a wurare daban-daban. ‘Yan sandan sun yi nasarar dakile wasu tsare-tsare da suka dawo daga harin. Matukin jirgi na Poland sun ba da rahoton saukar jiragen sama guda 6, amma an wuce gona da iri. A gaskiya ma, sun yi nasarar buga fitar da mai yiwuwa su lalata He 111 z 5. (K) / LG 1, wanda aka kai hari a Okentse. Ma'aikatansa sun yi gaggawar "ciki" kusa da ƙauyen Meshki-Kuligi. Yayin saukar jirgin, jirgin ya lalace (ma'aikatan jirgin uku sun tsira, daya ya samu rauni). Wannan ita ce nasara ta farko a tsaron babban birnin kasar. Matukin jirgi daga IV/1 Dyon suna fada masa a matsayin kungiya. Bugu da kari, wani dakika mai lamba He 111 daga wannan tawagar ya sauka a cikinsa tare da tsayawar injin a filin jirginsa na Pounden. Sakamakon barna mai yawa da aka kora daga jihar. Bugu da kari, Ya 111s daga 6.(K)/LG 1, wanda ya kai hari kan Skierniewice da gadar dogo kusa da Piaseczno, sun yi karo da mayakan Poland. Daya daga cikin maharan (lambar L1 + CP) ya samu mummunan rauni. Wataƙila ya faɗa hannun Laftanar na 50. Witold Lokuchevsky. Ya yi saukar gaggawa a Shippenbeil tare da lalacewa 114% da wani ma'aikacin jirgin da ya mutu daga raunukansa. Baya ga wannan hasarar da aka samu, wasu 'yan kunar bakin wake biyu sun samu 'yar barna. Masu kai harin da masu rakiya sun yi nasarar harbin Laftanar na 114. Stanisław Shmeila na EM na 110, wanda ya yi hatsari a kusa da Wyszkow kuma ya yi karo da motarsa. Mutum na biyu da ya mutu shi ne Babban Laftanar Bolesław Olevinsky na EM na 1st, wanda ya yi parachute kusa da Zegrze (wanda Ni 1 na 111 ya harbe shi. (Z)/LG 11) da Laftanar na 110. Jerzy Palusinski daga 1st EM, wanda PZL-25a aka tilasta sauka kusa da ƙauyen Nadymna. Palusinski ya kai hari kuma ya lalata Ni XNUMX Mayu a baya. Grabmann tare da I (Z) / LG XNUMX (yana da lalacewa XNUMX%).

Duk da amincin da Poles suka yi ga ma'aikatan Jamus da ke aiki da squadrons da makullin, sun yi nasarar wuce birnin ba tare da matsala ba tsakanin 7:25 da 10:40. A cewar rahotannin Poland, bama-baman sun fado a kan: Kertselego Square, Grochow, Sadyba Ofitserska (bama-bamai 9), Powazki - bataliya mai tsafta, Golendzinov. An kashe su an kuma raunata su. Bugu da kari, jiragen saman Jamus sun jefa bama-bamai 5-6 a kan Grodzisk Mazowiecki, kuma bama-bamai 30 sun fada kan Blonie. An lalata gidaje da dama.

Around tsakar rana, wani sintiri na hudu PZL-11s daga 112.EM kama tare da leken asiri Dornier Do 17P 4. (F) / 121 a kan Wilanów. Pilot Stefan Oksheja ya harbe shi a kusa, an yi fashewa, kuma an kashe ma'aikatan abokan gaba gaba daya.

Da yammacin ranar, wani babban rukuni na jiragen sama ya bayyana a babban birnin kasar. Jamusawan sun aike da jerin motoci sama da 230 domin kai hari kan wuraren da sojoji suka kai hari. An aika shi 111Hs da Ps daga KG 27 kuma daga II (K)/LG 1 tare da nutse Junkers Ju 87Bs daga I/StG 1 a cikin murfin kusan 30 Messerschmitt Me 109Ds daga I/JG 21 (ƙungiyoyi uku) da Ni 110s daga I/JG 1 (Z)/LG 1 da I/ZG 22 (110 Me 123B da C). Armada na da 111 He 30s, 87 Ju 80s da 90-XNUMX mayaka.

Sakamakon barnar da aka yi a yakin safiya, an kai mayakan Poland 30 zuwa sama, kuma maharin na 152 ya tashi zuwa yaki. Ita ma 6 PZL-11a da C ta shiga cikin yaƙin, kamar da safe, matukin jirgin na Poland sun kasa hana Jamusawa, waɗanda suka jefa bama-bamai a kan inda suke. An yi ta gwabza fada kuma matukan jirgin na Poland sun yi asara mai yawa bayan harin rakiya.

A ranar farko ta yakin, matukan jirgin na birgediya sun yi shawagi a kalla 80 kuma sun yi nasarar samun nasara 14. Hasali ma, sun yi nasarar lalata jiragen makiya hudu zuwa bakwai tare da lalata wasu da dama. Sun yi asara mai yawa - sun yi asarar mayaka 13, wasu goma sha biyu kuma sun lalace. Matukin jirgi daya ya mutu, takwas sun jikkata, daya daga cikinsu ya mutu. Bugu da kari, wani PZL-11c ya rasa raka'a 152. EM da junior laftanar. Anatoly Piotrovsky ya mutu a kusa da Khoszczówka. A yammacin ranar 1 ga Satumba, mayaka 24 ne kawai suka shirya don yaƙi, sai da maraicen washegari adadin mayaka masu hidima ya ƙaru zuwa 40; babu wani fada duk yini. A rana ta farko, makaman kare dangi na Warsaw ba su yi nasara ba.

A cewar bayanin aiki na sashin tsaro na babban kwamandan ma’aikatar harkokin soji. Ranar 1 ga Satumba, da karfe 17:30, bama-bamai sun fado a kan Babice, Wawrzyszew, Sekerki (bama-bamai masu tayar da hankali), Grochow da Okecie kusa da Cibiyar Warsaw, da kuma masana'anta - daya ya mutu da dama.

To sai dai kuma a cewar "Bayanin Kwamandan Rundunar Sojin Sama kan Sakamakon Harin Bama-bamai da Jamus ta yi a ranakun 1 da 2 ga Satumban 1939." ranar 3 ga Satumba, an kai wa Warsaw hari sau uku a ranar farko ta yakin: a karfe 7:00, 9:20 da 17:30. An jefa bama-bamai masu yawa (500, 250 da 50 kg) a cikin birnin. Kimanin kashi 30% na bama-bamai da ba a fashe ba an jefar da su, an jefa kilogiram 5 na bama-bamai masu tayar da hankali. Sun kai harin ne daga tsayin daka sama da 3000, cikin rudani. A tsakiyar birni daga gefen Prague, gadar Kerbedsky ta tashi. An jefa bama-bamai masu mahimmanci sau uku - tare da bama-bamai 500- da 250-kilogram - PZL Okęcie (1 ya mutu, 5 ya ji rauni) da kuma kewaye: Babice, Vavshiszew, Sekerki, Czerniakow da Grochow - tare da bama-bamai masu tayar da hankali wanda ya haifar da ƙananan gobara. Sakamakon harsashin da aka yi, an sami wasu abubuwa marasa mahimmanci da kuma asarar mutane: 19 sun mutu, 68 sun jikkata, ciki har da kashi 75% na fararen hula. Bugu da kari, an kai hari a garuruwan da suka hada da: Wilanow, Wlochy, Pruszkow, Wulka, Brwinow, Grodzisk-Mazowiecki, Blonie, Jaktorov, Radzymin, Otwock, Rembertov da sauransu. An kashe su da raunata akasari, hasarar dukiya ba ta da yawa.

A kwanakin da suka biyo baya, maharan makiya sun sake bayyana. An yi sabon fada. Mayakan birgediya sun iya yin kadan. Asara ta hau kan bangarorin biyu, amma a bangaren Poland sun fi girma da nauyi. A cikin filin, ba za a iya gyara kayan aikin da suka lalace ba, kuma jirgin da ya yi saukar gaggawa a cikin gaggawa ba za a iya ja da baya ya koma aiki ba.

A ranar 6 ga Satumba, an yi rikodi da nasarori da rashin nasara da yawa. Da safe, bayan 5:00, 29 Ju 87 sun nutse bama-bamai daga IV(St)/LG 1, tare da rakiyar Me 110 daga I/ZG 1, sun kai hari a farfajiyar marshalling a Warsaw kuma suka tashi zuwa babban birnin kasar daga yamma. Sama da Wlochy (wani birni kusa da Warsaw), mayaka daga birgediya ne suka kama waɗannan jiragen. Aviators daga IV/1 Dyon sun yi amfani da Me 110. Sun yi nasarar lalata jirgin Maj. Hammes, wanda ya mutu, da dan bindigarsa Ofw. An kama Steffen. An kai dan harbin mai rauni zuwa filin jirgin sama na Dion III/1 a Zaborov. Motar Jamus ta sauka a cikinta kusa da ƙauyen Voytseshyn. Poles din ba su yi asara ba a yakin.

Da tsakar rana, 25 ga Juni 87s daga IV(St)/LG 1 (harajin yaƙi 11:40-13:50) da 20 ga Juni 87s daga I/StG 1 (kai hari 11:45-13:06) ya bayyana akan Warsaw. . . . Samfurin farko ya kai hari ga gada a arewacin babban birnin kasar, kuma na biyu - gadar jirgin kasa a kudancin birnin (watakila gadar Srednikovy (?). Kyaftin Kowalczyk ya tashi zuwa yaki, Poles din sun kasa kama ko daya a cikin tsari daya, Jamusawa na I/StG 11 sun ba da rahoton ganin maharan guda daya, amma babu wani fada.

Yayin da yake tashi IV/1 Dyon zuwa filin jirgin sama a Radzikovo a ranar 6 ga Satumba ko kuma da tsakar rana na wannan rana, hedkwatar birgediya ta karbi umarni don gudanar da share fage a cikin triangle Kolo-Konin-Lovich. Hakan ya faru ne sakamakon wata yarjejeniya da safe tsakanin kwamandan rundunar sojin sama "Poznan" da kuma hukumar kula da jiragen sama. Kanar Pavlikovsky ya aika da sojoji na brigade 18 zuwa wannan yanki (lokacin tashi 14:30-16:00). Wannan tsarkakewa ya kamata ya ba da "numfashi" ga sojojin "Poznan", suna komawa zuwa Kutno. A cikin duka, akwai 11 PZL-1s daga IV / 15 Dyon daga filin jirgin sama a Radzikov karkashin umurnin Captain V. Kovalchik da 3 PZL-11s daga III / 1 Dyon daga filin jirgin sama a Zaborov, wanda aka located 'yan kilomita daga. Radzikov. Waɗannan rundunonin za su ƙunshi nau'o'i biyu masu tashi kusa da juna (12 da shida PZL-11). Godiya ga wannan, ya zama mai yiwuwa a kira abokan aiki don taimako ta rediyo. Tazarar jirginsu ya kai kusan kilomita 200 hanya daya. Dakarun Jamus sun riga sun kasance a yankin share fage. Idan aka yi saukar tilas, za a iya kama matukin jirgin. Idan babu man fetur ko lalacewa, matukan jirgin na iya yin saukar gaggawa a filin jirgin sama a Osek Maly (kilomita 8 a arewacin Kolo), inda hedkwatar Poznan III / 15 Dön Myslivsky tare da taimako ya jira su. har zuwa 00:3. Matukin jirgin sun yi wani samame a yankin Kutno-Kolo-Konin. Bayan tafiyar kilomita 160-170, kimanin 15:10 zuwa kudu maso yamma. daga Kolo sun yi nasarar gano maharan makiya. Matukin jirgin sun fita kusan gaba da gaba. An ɗauke su da mamaki ta 9 He 111Hs daga 4./KG 26 suna aiki a cikin alwatika na Lenchica-Lovich-Zelko (wasan yaƙi 13:58-16:28). Harin matukan jirgin ya mayar da hankali kan mabudin karshe. Daga 15:10 zuwa 15:30 an yi ta iska. 'Yan sanda sun kai hari kan Jamusawa da dukkan tsarinsu, inda suka kai hari kusa da tawagar. Gobarar kariyar da Jamusawa ta yi ta yi tasiri sosai. Deck Gunners 4. Ma'aikatan sun ba da rahoton kashe-kashen akalla hudu, wanda daya ne kawai aka tabbatar daga baya.

A cewar rahoton na Kowalczyk, matukansa sun ba da rahoton faduwar jirage 6 a cikin mintuna 7-10, 4 sun lalace. Uku daga cikin harbe-harben da suka yi ya fado ne a yankin Kolo Uniejów, sannan wasu hudu kuma sun sauka a jirgin da ya dawo tsakanin Lenchica da Blonie saboda karancin mai. Sai daya daga cikinsu ya koma raka'a. A cikin duka, 4 PZL-6s da matattun matukan jirgi biyu sun rasa a lokacin tsaftacewa: 11th Lieutenant V. Roman Stog - ya fadi (ya fadi a cikin ƙasa kusa da ƙauyen Strashkow) da kuma wani jirgin ruwa. Mieczysław Kazimierczak (an kashe shi bayan tsalle-tsalle na parachute daga wuta daga ƙasa; watakila nasa wuta).

Da gaske ne 'yan sanda sun yi nasarar harbi tare da lalata wasu 'yan kunar bakin wake uku. Daya ya sauka a cikinsa kusa da ƙauyen Rushkow. Wani kuma yana cikin filayen kauyen Labendy, na uku kuma ya fashe a iska ya fadi kusa da Unieyuv. Na hudu ya lalace, amma ya samu ya rabu da masu binsa kuma aka tilasta masa sauka a cikinsa a filin jirgin sama na Breslau (yanzu Wroclaw). A kan hanyar dawowa, matukan jirgin sun kai hari bazuwar gungun He 111Hs guda uku daga Stab/KG 1 kusa da Łowicz - abin ya ci tura. Babu isassun mai da harsashi. Sai da wani matukin jirgi ya yi saukar gaggawar gaggawa kafin harin saboda rashin man fetur, kuma Jamusawan sun kirga shi a matsayin "harbe".

A yammacin ranar 6 ga Satumba, Rundunar Birgediya ta sami odar tashi da Dion zuwa filayen saukar jiragen sama a yankin Lublin. Rundunar ta yi hasarar da yawa a cikin kwanaki shida, dole ne a kara da shi kuma a sake tsara shi. Washegari, jiragen yakin sun tashi zuwa filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama na cikin kasa. Kwamandojin na 4th Panzer Division suna gabatowa Warsaw. A ranar 8-9 ga Satumba an gwabza kazamin fadace-fadace da ita a kan shingen shingen Okhota da Volya. Jamusawan ba su da lokacin ɗaukar birnin a kan tafiya kuma an tilasta musu ja da baya a gaba. An fara kawanya.

Warsaw Air Defence

Sojojin sama daga cibiyar Warsaw sun shiga cikin fadace-fadace da Luftwaffe akan Warsaw har zuwa 6 ga Satumba. A cikin kwanakin farko, an buɗe shinge sau da yawa. Kokarin nasu bai yi tasiri ba. ‘Yan bindigar sun kasa lalata jirgin guda daya, duk da cewa an kashe mutane da dama, misali a Okentse a ranar 3 ga Satumba. Birgediya Janar M. Troyanovsky, Kwamandan Gundumar Corps I, an nada Janar na Brig. Valerian Plague, Satumba 4th. An umurce shi da ya kare babban birnin daga yamma kuma ya tsara kariya ta kusa da gadoji a bangarorin biyu na Vistula a Warsaw.

Hanyar da Jamusawa suka yi zuwa Warsaw ya haifar da ƙaura mai girma da firgita daga hedkwatar Babban Dokar Koli da manyan hukumomin gwamnati (Satumba 6-8), gami da. Commissariat na Jiha na Babban Birnin Warsaw. Babban Kwamandan ya bar Warsaw a ranar 7 ga Satumba zuwa Brest-on-Bug. A wannan rana, shugaban kasar Poland da gwamnati sun tashi zuwa birnin Lutsk. Wannan gudun hijirar da shugabannin kasar suka yi cikin gaggawa ya taka rawa sosai ga masu karewa da mazauna Warsaw. Duniya ta fada kan mutane da yawa. Babban iko ya ɗauki "komai" tare da shi, ciki har da. ma’aikatun ‘yan sanda da dama da kuma jami’an kashe gobara da dama domin kare kansu. Wasu kuma sun yi maganar fitar da su, ciki har da cewa "sun dauki matansu da kayansu a motoci suka tafi."

Bayan tserewa daga babban birnin kasar, Stefan Starzynski, kwamishinan birnin, ya karbi mukamin kwamishina a rundunar tsaro ta Warsaw a ranar 8 ga Satumba. Karamar hukumar da shugaban kasa ke jagoranta, ta ki ta “kwace” gwamnati zuwa gabas ta kuma zama shugaban hukumar farar hula na kare birnin. A ranar 8-16 ga Satumba, bisa ga umarnin Babban Kwamandan a Warsaw, an kafa rukunin Sojojin Warsaw, sannan kuma Sojojin Warsaw. Kwamandan ta shi ne Manjo Janar V. Julius Rommel. A ranar 20 ga Satumba, kwamandan sojojin ya kafa wata kungiya mai ba da shawara - kwamitin farar hula - don wakiltar muradun siyasa, zamantakewa da tattalin arziki. Ya tattaro wakilan manyan kungiyoyin siyasa da zamantakewa na birnin. Janar J. Rommel ne zai jagorance su da kansa ko kuma wani kwamandan farar hula a karkashin kwamandan sojoji.

Daya daga cikin sakamakon korar hedikwatar babban kwamandan rundunar daga babban birnin kasar shine babban rauni na sojojin sama na Warsaw har zuwa ranar 6 ga Satumba. A ranar 4 ga Satumba, an tura wasu faranti biyu (bindigogi 4mm) zuwa Skierniewice. A ranar 40 ga Satumba, an tura wasu faranti guda biyu (bindigogi 5mm), daplot na 4 da baturi na zamani guda 40mm zuwa Lukow. An aika daya platoon (bindigogi 101 mm) zuwa Chełm, dayan kuma (bindigogi 75 mm) zuwa Krasnystaw. An kai baturi na zamani na caliber 2 mm da kuma baturi mai bin diddigin caliber 40 mm zuwa Lvov. An aika daplot na 2 zuwa Lublin, kuma an aika daplot na 40 da baturi 75-mm na zamani guda ɗaya zuwa Bzhest. An cire dukkan batura masu hana jiragen sama masu girman mm 75 da ke kare babban bankin hagu na birnin daga babban birnin kasar. Rundunar ta bayyana wadannan sauye-sauyen ne ganin yadda rukunin jiragen kasa na sojojin uku na yaki daga yamma suka tunkari babban birnin kasar tare da cike gibin da aka samu. Kamar yadda ya juya, mafarki ne kawai na Babban Umurnin.

A ranar 16 ga Satumba, kawai na 10th da 19th takamaiman nau'in 40-mm nau'in nau'in nau'in 81-mm A motorized batura, da kuma 89st da 40th takamaiman nau'in 10-mm nau'in B batura suna da 36 Bofors wz. 40 caliber 10 mm. Sakamakon fadace-fadace da ja da baya, wani bangare na batir din yana da jihohin da ba a kammala ba. A cikin 19th da 4th akwai bindigogi hudu da uku (misali: 81 bindigogi), kuma a cikin 89 da 2th - daya- da biyu-gun (misali: 19 bindigogi). Bugu da kari, wani sashe na 4 km da platoons daga Lovich da Rembertov (1 Bofors bindigogi) koma babban birnin kasar. Ga yara marasa gida da suka zo daga gaba, an shirya wurin tattarawa a cikin bariki na 2st PAP Lot a Mokotov a kan titi. Rakovetskaya XNUMXb.

A ranar 5 ga Satumba, ƙungiyar matakan tsaro ta iska na Cibiyar Warsaw ta zama wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar kwamandan tsaro na Warsaw, Janar V. Chuma. Dangane da raguwar kayan aiki da yawa, Kanar Baran, a yammacin ranar 6 ga Satumba, ya gabatar da wata sabuwar kungiya ta kungiyoyin cibiyar tare da kafa sabbin ayyuka.

A safiyar ranar 6 ga Satumba, Sojojin Sama na Warsaw sun hada da: 5 anti-aircraft batura 75-mm (20 75-mm bindigogi), 12 40-mm anti-aircraft platoons (24 40-mm bindigogi), 1 kamfani na 150 -cm fitilun bincike na jirgin sama, kamfanoni 5 na bindigogi masu saukar ungulu (ciki har da 2 B ba tare da dawakai ba) da kamfanoni 3 na balloons na barrage. Jimlar: jami'ai 76, jami'ai 396 marasa aikin yi da masu zaman kansu 2112. A ranar 6 ga Satumba, Kanar Baran yana da bindigogin kakkabo jiragen sama guda 44 (20 75 mm caliber, gami da wz. 37St da 24 wz. 38 na Bofors 40 mm caliber) da kamfanoni biyar na bindigogi. Batura 75 mm suna da matsakaicin wuta 3½, 40 mm platoons soja 4½ wuta, 1½ wuta a cikin "masana'antu" platoons, da kuma anti-jirgin inji kamfanonin bindigogi 4 wuta.

Da yammacin wannan rana, Kanar Baran ya kafa sabon rukuni na kungiyoyi da ayyuka don kare yankin Warsaw, da kuma dangantaka ta dabara:

1. Rukuni "Vostok" - kwamandan Major Mechislav Zilber, kwamandan daplot na 103 (75-mm batura na dindindin wz. 97 da wz. 97/25; baturi: 110, 115, 116 da 117 da 103. Anti-aircraft. baturi 75-mm sh. 37 St.). Aiki: babban tsaro dare da rana na shingen Warsaw.

2. Rukuni "Bridges" - kwamandan hula. Zygmunt Jezersky; abun da ke ciki: platoons na 104th, 105th, 106th, 107th, 108th, 109th da platoon na Borisev shuka. Aiki: tsaron gada shinge da kuma cibiyar a matsakaici da kuma low altitudes, musamman kare gadoji a kan Vistula. 104th platoon (Kwamandan kashe gobara, Reserve cadet Zdzisław Simonowicz), mukamai a gadar dogo a Prague. Wani dan kunar bakin wake ne ya lalata rundunar. Mataki na 105 (Kwamandan kashe gobara / ƙaramin Laftanar / Stanislav Dmukhovsky), matsayi tsakanin gadar Poniatowski da gadar jirgin ƙasa. Platoon na 106 (Kwamandan Laftanar Witold Piasecki), matsayin harbi a Lazienki. Platoon na 107 (Kyaftin Kyaftin Zygmunt Jezersky). 108th platoon (cadet kwamandan / junior laftanar / Nikolai Dunin-Martsinkevich), harbi matsayi kusa da ZOO; Luftwaffe ya lalata platoon. 109th Platoon (Kwamandan Laftanar na Reserve Viktor Pyasetsky), korar matsayi a Fort Traugutt.

3. Rukuni "Svidry" - kwamandan kyaftin. Yakubu Hrubi; Abun da ke ciki: 40-mm PZL platoon shuka da 110th 40-mm anti-aircraft platoon. An ba da rukunin biyu don kare tsallakewar a yankin Svider Male.

4. Rukuni "Powązki" - 5th kamfanin AA km Task: don rufe yankin tashar jirgin kasa na Gdańsk da Citadel.

5. Rukuni "Dvorzhets" - kamfanin 4 sashe km. Manufar: don rufe Filters da Babban Tasha.

6. Rukuni "Prague" - kamfanin 19 km sashe. Manufar: don kare gadar Kerbed, tashar jirgin kasa ta Vilnius da tashar jirgin kasa ta Gabas.

7. Rukuni "Lazenki" - sashe 18 km. Aiki: kariya na yankin Srednikovy da Poniatovsky gada, gas shuka da famfo tashar.

8. Rukuni "Matsakaici" - Kamfanin 3rd AA km. Aiki: rufe tsakiyar abin (2 platoons), rufe gidan rediyon Warsaw 2.

An canja shi a ranar 6 ga Satumba a hannun Kanar V. Baran, ya aika da 103rd 40-mm platoon zuwa Chersk don kare hanyar wucewa. A ranar 9 ga Satumba, an sami shari'o'i biyu na tashi ba tare da izini ba daga wurin yaƙi ba tare da wani dalili mai kyau ba, watau. gudu. Irin wannan lamari ya faru a cikin baturi na 117, wanda ya bar sassan wuta a yankin Gotslav, ya lalata bindigogi da barin kayan aunawa. Na biyu ya kasance a yankin Svidera Male, inda "Lovich" platoon ya bar wurin harbi kuma ya koma Otwock ba tare da izini ba, yana barin wani ɓangare na kayan aiki a matsayi. Kwamandan runduna ta 110 ta bayyana a gaban wata kotun soji. An fara irin wannan shari'a a kotun filin da ake tuhumar Capt. Tartsatsin da ba a iya samu ba. Irin wannan halin da ake ciki ya faru a cikin 18th kamfanin na soja iska tsaron, a lokacin da kwamandan, Laftanar Cheslav Novakovsky, ya tafi Otwock (Satumba 15 a 7 na safe) ga iyalinsa kuma bai dawo ba. Kanar Baran ya kuma mika karar zuwa kotun fili. A karshen kwanaki goma na farkon watan Satumba, 'yan ta'addar Bofors sun kare da kayan da ake amfani da su na bindigogi, don haka ba za su iya yin harbi da kyau ba. Mun sami nasarar gano wasu ganga guda ɗari biyu da aka ɓoye a cikin ɗakunan ajiya kuma aka rarraba a tsakanin gungun mutane.

A lokacin da aka killace birnin, sojojin makarkashiyar sun ba da rahoton nasarori da dama. Misali, a ranar 9 ga Satumba, Colonel. Baran game da harbin jiragen sama 5, kuma a ranar 10 ga Satumba - jirage 15 kawai, wanda 5 ke cikin birni.

A ranar 12 ga watan Satumba, an sake samun wani canjin wurin harbe-harbe da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na rukunin makaman yaki da jiragen sama na cibiyar Warsaw. Ko da a lokacin, Kanar Baran ya ba da rahoto game da buƙatar ƙarfafa tsaro na iyakar Warsaw tare da 75-mm wz. Kwale-kwale na 37 saboda rashin kayan aiki na dogon rufi da kuma nada dodon farauta da zai mamaye birnin. Ba a yi nasara ba. A wannan rana, a cikin rahoton yanayi mai lamba 3, Kanar Baran ya rubuta cewa: Wani hari da maɓalli daga jirgin sama na Heinkel-3F 111 a 13.50 ya yi yaƙi da manyan bindigogi 40-mm da manyan bindigogi. An harbo jiragen sama 2 a lokacin da suke nutsewa a kan gadoji. Sun fadi a yankin St. Tamka dan st. Medov.

A ranar 13 ga Satumba, da karfe 16:30, an samu rahoto game da faduwar jiragen sama 3. Jamusawan sun kai hari a yankin tashar jirgin kasa ta Gdansk, Citadel da kewaye da jiragen sama 50. A wannan lokacin, matsayin baturin anti-jirgin sama na 103 daban wz. 37 St. Lieutenant Kendzersky. An kafa ramukan bama-bamai 50 a kusa. Jamusawan ba su da lokacin lalata bindiga ɗaya. Ko a lokacin da aka kwashe daga birnin, kwamandan nasa ya karbi Kyaftin V. Motocin ruwa. Sannan ya yage bindiga mai girman mm 40 da ya bari a kan titin kusa da Bielany ya makala ta a jikin baturinsa. Bindigar 40mm ta biyu ta sami batirin a filin Mokotovsky daga batirin anti-jirgin sama na 10 mm 40 da aka ajiye a wurin. Ta hanyar odar Laftanar Kendziersky, wani rukunin masana'anta daga Boryshevo tare da Bofors (kwamandan laftanar Erwin Labus) shi ma ya kasance ƙarƙashin ƙasa kuma ya ɗauki matsayin harbi a Fort Traugut. Sai kuma 109th 40-mm anti-aircraft platoon, Laftanar 103. Viktor Pyasetsky. Wannan kwamandan ya kafa bindigoginsa a kan gangaren Fort Traugutt, daga inda yake da kyakkyawan gani kuma yayi aiki tare da baturi na 75. Bindigogin 40mm ya ja jirgin na Jamus daga saman rufin sama sannan ya bude musu wuta da bindigogin 103mm. Sakamakon wannan hulɗar, baturi na 9 ya ba da rahoton ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa 1 daidai da adadin masu yuwuwa daga 27 ga Satumba zuwa 109, kuma rukuni na 11 ya sami ƙwanƙwasa daidai 9. Godiya ga hangen nesa na Laftanar Kendziersky, bayan Satumba 75, baturinsa ya ɗauki duk harsashin rigakafi na 36-mm na wz. XNUMXSt kuma har zuwa ƙarshen kewayen bai ji gazawarsa ba.

A ranar 14 ga Satumba, da karfe 15:55, jiragen sun kai hari a Zoliborz, Wola da wani bangare na tsakiyar birnin. Babban makasudin shine layin tsaro a cikin sashin Zoliborz. A sakamakon harin, gobara 15 ta tashi a yankin na sojoji da na gwamnati, ciki har da tashar jirgin kasa ta Gdansk, da kuma duk yankin arewacin birnin (an rushe gidaje 11); ɓangarorin da suka lalace matattara da hanyar sadarwa na waƙoƙin tram. A sakamakon farmakin an kashe sojoji 17 tare da jikkata 23.

A ranar 15 ga watan Satumba aka ba da rahoton cewa jirgin guda daya ne ya fado kuma ya kamata ya sauka a yankin Marek. Da misalin karfe 10:30 na safe, an harba nasu mayaƙan PZL-11 da manyan bindigu da kuma sojojin ƙasa. A lokacin, an hana sojoji bude wuta har sai da jami'in ya gane jirgin a hankali. A wannan rana, Jamusawa sun kewaye birnin, suna matse zoben kewaye daga gabas. Baya ga tashin bama-bamai ta iska, Jamusawan sun yi amfani da manyan bindigogi kusan 1000 da suka harba sosai. Hakanan ya zama mai matukar damuwa ga masu harbin jirgin sama. An yi ta harbe-harbe a wuraren da aka harba makaman atilari, lamarin da ya yi sanadin asarar rayuka da jikkata. Misali, a ranar 17 ga Satumba, sakamakon harbin bindigogi, da karfe 17:00, an samu rahoton raunata wasu mutane 5, da bindiga mai girman mm 1, guda 40, da manyan bindigogi 3 da matattun dawakai 1. A wannan rana, kamfanin bindigogi na 11 (Platoons guda biyu na manyan bindigogi 115 kowannensu) da kuma kamfanin balloon na 4, wadanda ke cikin kungiyar kare sararin sama, sun isa Warsaw daga Svider Maly. A cikin yini, an lura da bincike mai karfi na iska (5 hare-hare) a wurare daban-daban, a wurare daban-daban ta hanyar masu tayar da bama-bamai, jiragen sama na leken asiri da mayakan Messerschmitt (jirgin sama da maɓalli, 8-2 motoci kowane) daga 3 m don jiragen da ba a saba da su ba da kuma canje-canje akai-akai. sigogin jirgin; babu tasiri.

A ranar 18 ga Satumba, an sake kai farmakin leken asiri ta jirgin sama guda (an kirga su 8), an kuma jefar da takardu. An harbe daya daga cikin na farko ("Dornier-17") da karfe 7:45 na safe. Ma'aikatansa sun yi saukar gaggawa a yankin Babice. Dangane da harin kwace yankin Pruszkow, Kanar. dipl. Batirin anti-jirgin Mariana Porwit, wanda ya ƙunshi faranti uku na bindigogi 40-mm guda biyu. Da gari ya waye, baturin ya dauki matsayi na harbi a bangaren Kolo-Volya-Chiste.

Har yanzu dai ana ci gaba da luguden wuta ta kasa a birnin. A ranar 18 ga Satumba, ta yi asara kamar haka a sassan AA: 10 sun sami raunuka, an kashe dawakai 14, an lalata akwatuna 2 na harsashi 40-mm, babbar mota 1 ta lalace da sauran kanana.

A ranar 20 ga Satumba, da misalin karfe 14:00, a yankin Cibiyar Ilimin Jiki ta Tsakiya da dajin Belyansky, wasu 'yan kunar bakin wake Henschel-123 da Junkers-87 sun kai farmaki. Wani hari mai karfi da karfe 16:15 ya kai kimanin jiragen sama 30-40 iri daban-daban: Junkers-86, Junkers-87, Dornier-17, Heinkel-111, Messerschmitt-109 da Henschel-123. Yayin harin da rana, lif ya kama wuta. Rukunan sun ba da rahoton saukar jiragen makiya 7.

A ranar 21 ga Satumba, an ba da rahoton cewa an harbo jiragen sama 2 a sakamakon gobarar da jirgin ya yi. Kusan duk wuraren da aka harba makami mai linzamin sun fuskanci wuta ta hanyar amfani da bindigogin kasa. Akwai sabbin raunuka

da asarar kayan abu. A ranar 22 ga watan Satumba, an ga tashin bama-bamai guda daya domin leken asiri da safe; An sake watsewa a cikin gari. Tsakanin 14:00 zuwa 15:00 an yi wani hari makiya a Prague, kimanin jirage 20, an harbo jirgin daya. Tsakanin 16:00 zuwa 17:00 an yi wani hari na biyu da ya shafi jiragen sama sama da 20. Babban harin shi ne kan gadar Poniatowski. An bayyana cewa an harbo jirgin na biyu. An harbo jirage biyu da rana.

A ranar 23 ga Satumba, an sake yin rikodin tashin bama-bamai da jiragen leken asiri. Da rana ba a samu labarin tashin bama-bamai da aka yi a birnin da kewaye. An bayyana cewa an harbe Dornier 2 guda biyu. Dukkanin sassan sun fuskanci mummunar wuta, wanda ya haifar da asarar a cikin manyan bindigogi. An samu karin kashe-kashe da jikkata, an kashe dawakai, an lalata bindigogi biyu masu girman mm 17. Daya daga cikin kwamandojin batir ya samu munanan raunuka.

A ranar 24 ga Satumba da safe, daga karfe 6:00 zuwa 9:00, an ga tashin bama-bamai guda daya da na leken asiri. Tsakanin 9:00 zuwa 11:00 an yi ta kai hare-hare tare da taguwar ruwa daga bangarori daban-daban. A lokaci guda kuma, sama da jiragen sama 20 iri daban-daban ne ke cikin iska. Harin da aka kai da safe ya yi hasarar babbar asara a gidan sarautar. Ma'aikatan jirgin sun kauce wa gobarar jiragen sama, sau da yawa suna canza yanayin jirgin. An kai hari na gaba da misalin karfe 15:00 na safe. A lokacin farmakin da aka kai da safe, an harbo jiragen sama 3, da rana - an harbo 1 sannan 1 ya lalace. Yanayin yanayi ne ya hana yin fim cikas - cikas. A cikin rukunin rukunin bindigogi, Kanar Baran ya ba da umarnin sake tsarawa, tare da ƙarfafa murfin Tace da Tashoshi na Pumping. Rikicin bindigogi na ci gaba da cin wuta daga manyan bindigogi na kasa, wanda karfinsa ya karu a lokacin hare-haren ta sama. An kashe jami’ai 2 da suka hada da kwamandan batir 1 da kwamandan runduna guda 1. Bugu da kari, an kashe su tare da raunata su a yayin aikin bindigu da bindigu. Sakamakon harbin manyan bindigogi, bindiga mai girman mita 75 ta lalace gaba daya, kuma an yi asarar dimbin hasarar kayan aikin soja.

"Litinin Litini" - 25 Satumba.

Rundunar sojin Jamus ta yanke shawarar kaddamar da wani gagarumin hari ta sama da manyan bindigogi kan birnin da aka yi wa kawanya domin karya lagon masu tsaron gida da kuma tilasta musu mika wuya. An ci gaba da kai hare-hare daga karfe 8:00 zuwa 18:00. A wannan lokacin, rukunin Luftwaffe daga Fl.Fhr.zbV tare da jimlar kusan 430 Ju 87, Hs 123, Do 17 da Ju 52 masu fashewa sun kai hare-hare bakwai - nau'ikan nau'ikan 1176 tare da ƙarin sassa. Kididdigar Jamus ta jefar da tan 558 na bama-bamai, da suka hada da tan 486 na manyan bama-bamai da tan 72 na masu tayar da hankali. Harin ya hada da motocin Junkers Ju 47 guda 52 daga IV/KG.zbV2, inda aka jefa kananan bama-bamai 102. 'Yan kunar bakin wake sun rufe Messerschmitts na I/JG 510 da I/ZG 76. Hare-haren na iskan sun kasance tare da taimakon manyan bindigogi masu karfi.

Garin ya kone a daruruwan wurare. Sakamakon hayaki mai yawa, wanda ya hana yaki da hare-haren jiragen sama, kwamandan rundunar "West", Colonel Dipl. M. Porvit ya ba da umarnin yakar jirgin saman abokan gaba tare da bindigu a duk jifa, sai dai manyan wurare. Dangane da hare-haren da ake kai masu kasa da kasa, kananan makamai ne za su jagoranci wasu gungun ‘yan bindiga da aka zayyana a karkashin umarnin jami’ai.

Harin da aka kai ta sama ya gurgunta aiki, ciki har da tashar wutar lantarki ta birnin Powisla; babu wutar lantarki a birnin tun karfe 15:00. A baya-bayan nan, a ranar 16 ga watan Satumba, gobarar manyan bindigogi ta haifar da wata babbar gobara a dakin injin na cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki, wadda aka kashe tare da taimakon hukumar kashe gobara. A wancan lokacin, kimanin mutane 2000 ne ke buya a matsuguninsa, galibi mazauna gidajen da ke kusa da su. Makasudin na biyu na munanan hare-haren da masu amfani da dabarun suka kai shi ne ruwa da magudanar ruwa na birnin. Sakamakon katsewar wutar lantarki daga tashar wutar lantarki, an katse hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki. A yayin wannan kawanya, kimanin harsasai 600, bama-bamai na sama 60 da bama-bamai masu tayar da hankali XNUMX sun fada kan dukkan tashoshin samar da ruwa da magudanar ruwa na birnin.

Jiragen yaki na Jamus sun lalata birnin da manyan bama-bamai da harsasai. An harba kusan duk wuraren da aka dakatar da umarnin; matsayi na gaba sun sha wahala kaɗan. Yaƙin da jiragen abokan gaba ke da wuya saboda hayaƙin da ya mamaye birnin, wanda ke ci a wurare da yawa. Da misalin karfe 10 na safe Warsaw ya riga ya kone a wurare sama da 300. A wannan mummunan rana, tsakanin mutane 5 zuwa 10 za su iya mutuwa. Warsaw, kuma wasu dubbai sun jikkata.

An bayyana cewa an harbo jiragen sama 13 a rana guda. A gaskiya ma, a lokacin harin ta'addancin ta'addanci, Jamusawa sun yi asarar Ju 87 da Ju 52 guda biyu zuwa wutar bindigogi na Poland (wanda aka jefar da ƙananan bama-bamai).

Sakamakon tashin bama-baman, manyan gine-ginen birnin sun lalace sosai - Injin Wutar Lantarki, Tace, da Tashar famfo. Hakan ya kawo cikas ga samar da wutar lantarki da ruwa. Garin yana cin wuta, kuma babu abin da zai kashe wutar. Manyan bindigogi da harin bama-bamai a ranar 25 ga Satumba sun gaggauta yanke shawarar mika wuya ga Warsaw. Washegari, Jamusawan suka kai hari, wanda aka fatattake su. Duk da haka, a wannan rana, mambobin kwamitin farar hula sun nemi Janar Rommel ya mika kansa ga birnin.

Sakamakon babbar hasarar da birnin ya fuskanta, kwamandan sojojin "Warsaw", Manjo Janar S.J. Rommel, ya ba da umarnin tsagaita bude wuta na tsawon sa'o'i 24 daga karfe 12:00 na ranar 27 ga watan Satumba. Manufarta ita ce ta amince da kwamandan sojojin Jamus na 8 kan sharuɗɗan komawar Warsaw. Za a kammala tattaunawar nan da ranar 29 ga Satumba. An kammala yarjejeniyar mika wuya a ranar 28 ga Satumba. Dangane da tanade-tanaden ta, za a gudanar da tattakin garrison na Poland ne a ranar 29 ga Satumba daga karfe 20 na dare. Major General von Cohenhausen. Har sai da Jamusawa suka kwace birnin, shugaba Starzhinsky ne zai jagoranci birnin tare da majalisar birnin da kuma cibiyoyi da ke karkashinsu.

Taƙaitawa

Warsaw ya kare daga 1 zuwa 27 ga Satumba. Garin da mazauna birnin sun sha fama da hare-hare ta sama da bindigogi, wanda mafi muni a cikinsa shi ne ranar 25 ga watan Satumba. Masu kare babban birnin kasar, suna yin amfani da karfi da sadaukarwa ga hidimarsu, sau da yawa masu girma da jaruntaka, wadanda suka cancanci girmamawa mafi girma, ba su tsoma baki tare da jiragen saman abokan gaba ba a lokacin da aka kai hari a birnin.

A cikin shekarun tsaro, babban birnin yana da yawan mutane miliyan 1,2-1,25 kuma ya zama wurin mafaka ga kusan mutane dubu 110. sojoji. 5031 Jami'ai 97, 425 15 marasa aikin yi da masu zaman kansu sun fada hannun Jamus. An kiyasta cewa tsakanin mutane 20 zuwa 4 ne suka mutu a fadan da aka yi wa birnin. kashe fararen hula da kuma kashe sojoji 5-287 dubu - ciki har da. An binne jami’ai 3672 da jami’ai 20 da ba na gwamnati ba da kuma masu zaman kansu a makabartar birnin. Bugu da ƙari, dubun dubatar mazauna (kimanin 16 XNUMX) da ma'aikatan soja (kimanin XNUMX XNUMX) sun ji rauni.

Bisa ga rahoton daya daga cikin ma'aikatan karkashin kasa wanda ya yi aiki a hedkwatar 'yan sanda a 1942, kafin Satumba 1, akwai gine-gine 18 a Warsaw, wanda kawai 495 2645 (14,3%), gine-gine tare da lalacewa (daga haske zuwa mai tsanani). ) ba a lalace ba a lokacin lokacin tsaron su 13 847 (74,86%) da 2007 gine-gine (10,85%) sun lalace gaba daya.

An yi barna sosai a tsakiyar birnin. Kamfanin wutar lantarki a Powisla ya lalace da jimillar kashi 16%. Kusan dukkan gine-gine da gine-ginen tashar wutar lantarki sun lalace zuwa mataki daya ko wani. An kiyasta asararta a kan PLN miliyan 19,5. An samu irin wannan asara ta hanyar samar da ruwa da magudanar ruwa na birnin. An samu barna 586 a kan hanyar samar da ruwa, da 270 a kan hanyar sadarwar, bugu da kari, bututun ruwan sha 247 da najasa mai yawa sun lalace tare da tsawon mita 624. Kamfanin ya yi asarar ma'aikata 20 da suka mutu, 5 sun samu munanan raunuka. sannan 12 sun samu raunuka kadan a lokacin fadan.

Baya ga asarar abin duniya, al'adun ƙasa sun yi asara mai yawa, gami da. A ranar 17 ga Satumba, Gidan Sarauta da tarinsa sun kone, inda aka cinna wuta da bindigogi. An yi kiyasin asarar dukiya da garin ya yi bayan yakin bisa kididdigar da Prof. Marina Lalkiewicz, a cikin adadin 3 biliyan zł (don kwatanta, da kudaden shiga da kuma kashe kudi na jihar kasafin kudin a cikin kudi shekara 1938-39 ya kai 2,475 biliyan zlotys).

Luftwaffe ya yi nasarar tashi a kan Warsaw kuma ya sauke kayayyaki ba tare da "matsala" ba daga farkon sa'o'i na yakin. A takaice dai, mayakan na birgediya za su iya hana hakan, har ma da makaman kare dangi. Wahalar da ta tsaya a kan hanyar Jamusawa ita ce mummunan yanayi.

A cikin kwanaki shida na fafatawa (Satumba 1-6), matukan jirgin na birgediya sun ba da rahoton halakar 43 ko shakka babu 9 sun lalace kuma 20 sun lalata jirgin Luftwaffe yayin kare babban birnin. A cewar bayanan Jamus, ainihin nasarar da Poles suka samu ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa. Jirgin saman Jamus a cikin fadace-fadace tare da birgediya sun yi hasarar kwana shida har abada

17-20 jirgin sama fama (duba tebur), dozin fiye da samu kasa da 60% lalacewa da aka gyara. Wannan kyakkyawan sakamako ne, idan aka yi la'akari da tsofaffin kayan aiki da kuma raunin makamai na Poles da suka yi yaƙi da su.

Asarar nasu sun yi yawa; An kusa halaka rundunar birgediya. Daga farkon jiha, an rasa mayaƙan 54 a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe (da ƙari 3 PZL-11 zuwa III / 1 Dyon), mayaka 34 sun sami lalacewa maras misaltuwa kuma an bar su a baya (kusan 60%). Za a iya ceto wani ɓangare na jirgin da ya lalace a yaƙi idan akwai na'urori masu amfani da kaya, ƙafafun, sassan injin, da dai sauransu, kuma akwai wurin gyarawa da ƙaura. A cikin III / 1 Dönier, 13 PZL-11 mayakan da daya ba tare da sa hannun abokan gaba sun rasa a cikin yaƙe-yaƙe da Luftwaffe. Bi da bi, IV / 1 Dyon ya rasa 17 PZL-11 da PZL-7a mayakan da kuma uku ba tare da sa hannun abokan gaba a cikin fadace-fadace da Luftwaffe. Tawagar ta'addancin sun yi rashin nasara: an kashe hudu, daya kuma ya bace, sannan 10 sun jikkata - an kwantar da su a asibiti. A ranar 7 ga Satumba, III/1 Dyon yana da 5 PZL-2s da 11 PZL-3s a Kerzh a karkashin gyara a filin jirgin sama a Kerzh 11 da Zaborov. A gefe guda, IV/1 Dyon yana da 6 PZL-11s da 4 PZL-7a suna aiki a filin jirgin sama na Belżyce, tare da ƙarin 3 PZL-11s da ke ƙarƙashin gyara.

Duk da rukunin manyan sojojin tsaron sama a babban birnin kasar (bidigogi 92), masu harba makami a farkon lokacin tsaro har zuwa ranar 6 ga watan Satumba ba su lalata jirgin abokan gaba daya ba. Bayan ja da baya na birged masu bi da kuma kame makaman kakkabo jiragen sama na 2/3, lamarin a Warsaw ya kara yin muni. Makiya sun kewaye birnin. Akwai karancin albarkatun da za a yi maganin jirginsa, kuma an mayar da mafi yawan sabbin bindigogin kakkabo jiragen sama na mm 75. Kimanin kwanaki goma bayan haka, batura masu motsi guda huɗu tare da 10 40 mm wz. 36 Bofors. Wadannan kayan aikin, duk da haka, ba za su iya cike dukkan gibin ba. A ranar mika wuya, masu tsaron gida suna da bindigogi masu saukar ungulu 12 75 mm (ciki har da 4 wz. 37St) da 27 40 mm Bofors wz. 36 da wz. 38 (Platoons 14) da kamfanonin bindigogi guda takwas masu dauke da kananan harsasai. A yayin farmakin makiya da harsasai, masu kariyar sun lalata batura masu kakkabo jiragen sama guda biyu na 75mm da bindigogin 2mm guda biyu. Asarar ta kai: an kashe jami'ai biyu, an kashe kusan jami'ai goma sha biyu marasa aikin yi da na sirri, sannan wasu da dama sun jikkata.

A cikin tsaron Warsaw, bisa ga binciken kwamandan tsegumi na Cibiyar Warsaw, Kanar V. Aries, an harbo jiragen saman abokan gaba guda 103, wanda shida (sic!) aka ba da su ga asusun na Chase brigade. sannan kuma an harbe 97 ta hanyar bindigu da bindigogin kakkabo jiragen sama. Kwamandan Rundunar Sojan Warsaw ya nada gicciye na Virtuti Militari guda uku da 25 Valor crosses don rabawa ga sassan tsaron iska. Na farko da aka gabatar da Kanar Baran: Laftanar Wieslav Kedziorsky (kwamandan 75-mm St baturi), Laftanar Mikolay Dunin-Martsinkevich (kwamandan 40-mm platoon) da kuma Laftanar Anthony Yazvetsky (sashe 18 km).

Nasarar bindigogin kakkabo jiragen saman babban birnin kasar an yi karin gishiri sosai, kuma a fili ana raina mayakan. Sau da yawa, jifan da suka yi sun ba da rahoton buga wasan da babu ainihin shaidar hasarar abokin hamayyarsu. Bugu da ƙari, daga rahotannin yau da kullum na Kanar S. Oven game da nasarorin da ba za a iya samu daga wannan lambar ba, bambancin yana da yawa, wanda ba a san yadda za a bayyana ba.

Yin la'akari da takardun Jamusawa, sun yi hasarar aƙalla bama-bamai takwas, mayaka da kuma jirgin leken asiri a kan Warsaw daga gobarar jiragen sama (duba tebur). Wasu ƴan ƙarin motocin daga nesa ko kusa za a iya buga su da lalata su. Koyaya, wannan ba zai iya zama babban asara ba (motoci 1-3?). Wani jirgin sama dozin ya samu lalacewa iri-iri (kasa da kashi 60%). Idan aka kwatanta da harbe-harbe guda 97 da aka ayyana, muna da matsakaicin kima mai ninki 12 na harbin tsaron iska.

A lokacin aikin kare kariya na jirgin sama na Warsaw a 1939, jiragen sama na yaki da manyan bindigogi sun lalata jiragen yaki akalla 25-28, wani dozin ya samu kasa da kashi 60% na lalacewa, watau. sun dace don gyarawa. Tare da duk jiragen saman abokan gaba da aka rubuta - 106 ko ma 146-155 - an sami kaɗan kaɗan, kuma kamar kaɗan. Babban ruhun fada da sadaukar da kai na mutane da yawa ba za su iya cike gibin da ke tattare da dabarar samar da kayan kariya ba dangane da dabarun abokan gaba.

Duba hotuna da taswirori a cikin cikakkiyar bugu na lantarki >>