Filin Jirgin saman Duniya 2020
PL Los Angeles ta yi hidima ga fasinjoji miliyan 28,78 kuma ta yi asarar mutane miliyan 59,3 (-67,3%) idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata. Hoton ya nuna wani jirgin saman Amurka B787 a daya daga cikin jiragensa zuwa filin jirgin.
A cikin shekarar rikicin ta 2020, filayen jiragen sama na duniya sun yi amfani da fasinjoji biliyan 3,36 da kuma tan miliyan 109 na kaya, kuma jiragen sadarwa sun yi ayyukan tashi da saukar jiragen sama miliyan 58. Idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata, zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta ragu da -63,3%, -8,9% da -43%, bi da bi. An sami sauye-sauye masu ban mamaki a cikin manyan filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama, kuma sakamakon kididdiga ya nuna tasirin cutar amai da gudawa a aikinsu. Manyan tashar jiragen ruwa na fasinja su ne Guangzhou na kasar Sin (fasinja miliyan 43,8), Atlanta (fasinja miliyan 42,9), Chengdu, Dallas-Fort Worth da Shenzhen, da tashar jiragen ruwa: Memphis (ton miliyan 4,5), Hong Kong (tan fasinja miliyan 4,6), Shanghai , Anchorage da Louisville.
Kasuwar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bunkasa tattalin arzikin duniya, kasancewarta ta dindindin a cikin al'ummar wannan zamani. An rarraba zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a wasu yankuna na duniya ba daidai ba kuma ya dogara da matakin tattalin arziki na ƙasashe (babban tashar jiragen ruwa na Asiya ko Amurka yana da zirga-zirgar kaya fiye da duk tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Afirka idan aka haɗa). Tashar jiragen sama na sadarwa da filayen saukar jiragen sama da ke aiki a kansu su ne babban abin kasuwa. Akwai kusan 2500 daga cikinsu da ke aiki, daga manya-manyan, suna yin hidimar jiragen sama da yawa a kullum, zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta, inda suke sauka ba da jimawa ba.
Filin jiragen sama na sadarwa galibi suna kusa da agglomerations na birane, kuma saboda buƙatun aminci, manyan yankuna da tsangwama amo, galibi ana samun su a nesa mai nisa daga cibiyar su (a matsakaita a Turai - 18,6 km). Manyan filayen jiragen sama na sadarwa a duniya ta yanki sune: Saudi Arabia Damam King Fahd (776 km²), Denver (136 km²), Istanbul (76 km²), Texas Dallas-Fort Worth (70 km²), Orlando (54 km²). Washington Dulles (kilomita 49), Houston George Bush (44 km²), Shanghai Pudong (40 km²), Alkahira (kilomita 36) da Bangkok Suvarnabhumi (kilomita 32). Koyaya, bisa ga halaye na aiki da fasaha da kuma ikon yin hidimar wasu nau'ikan jiragen sama, ana rarraba filayen jirgin sama bisa tsarin ka'idojin bayanai. Ya ƙunshi lamba da harafi, wanda lambobi daga 1 zuwa 4 ke wakiltar tsawon titin jirgin sama, kuma haruffa daga A zuwa F suna ƙayyade ma'aunin fasaha na jirgin. Filin jirgin sama na yau da kullun wanda zai iya ɗaukar jirgin Boeing 737 yakamata ya kasance yana da mafi ƙarancin lambar tunani na 3C ( titin jirgin sama 1200-1800m).
Lambobin da Ƙungiyar ICAO da Ƙungiyar Masu Jiragen Sama ta IATA suka ba su ana amfani da su don zayyana wurin filayen jiragen sama da tashoshin jiragen ruwa. Lambobin ICAO su ne lambobin haruffa huɗu, harafin farko wanda wani yanki ne na duniya, na biyu yanki ne na gudanarwa ko ƙasa, kuma na ƙarshe biyu shine gano filin jirgin sama (misali, EPWA - Turai, Poland, Warsaw). Lambobin IATA lambobin haruffa uku ne kuma galibi suna komawa zuwa sunan birnin da tashar tashar jiragen ruwa take (misali, OSL - Oslo) ko suna mai dacewa (misali CDG - Paris, Charles de Gaulle).
Filin jirgin saman kasar Sin mafi girma a duniya, filin jirgin sama na Guangzhou Baiyun, ya ba da fasinjoji miliyan 43,76 (-40,5%). Sakamakon mummunan sakamako na wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa, ya tashi matsayi 10 a cikin matsayi na duniya. Layin Kudancin China A380 a gaban tashar tashar jiragen ruwa.
Kungiyar da ta hada filayen tashi da saukar jiragen sama a duniya ita ce Majalisar Filin Jiragen Sama ta kasa da kasa ACI, wacce aka kafa a shekarar 1991. Yana wakiltar sha'awar su a cikin tattaunawa da tattaunawa tare da: ƙungiyoyin ƙasa da ƙasa (misali, ICAO, IATA da Eurocontrol), kamfanonin jiragen sama, sabis na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama, haɓaka matsayin sabis na jirgin sama. A cikin Janairu 2021, masu aiki 701 sun shiga ACI, suna aiki da filayen jirgin sama 1933 a cikin ƙasashe 183. 95% na zirga-zirgar ababen hawa na duniya suna faruwa a can, wanda ke ba da damar yin la'akari da kididdigar wannan ƙungiyar a matsayin wakilin duk hanyoyin sadarwa na jirgin sama. ACI World yana da hedikwata a Montreal kuma yana goyan bayan kwamitoci na musamman da rundunonin aiki, da kuma ofisoshin yanki guda biyar.
A cikin 2019, kudaden shiga na filin jirgin sama sun kai dala biliyan 180,9, gami da: $97,8 biliyan. daga ayyukan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama (misali, kuɗaɗen kula da fasinjoji da kaya, sauka da ajiye motoci) da dala biliyan 72,7. daga ayyukan da ba na jirgin sama ba (misali, samar da ayyuka, abinci, filin ajiye motoci da hayar gidaje).
Kididdigar tafiya ta jirgin sama 2020
A bara, filayen jiragen saman duniya sun yi amfani da fasinjoji biliyan 3,36, watau. 5,8 biliyan kasa da shekara guda da ta gabata. Don haka, raguwar zirga-zirgar kaya ya kai -63,3%, kuma an yi rikodin mafi girma a tashar jiragen ruwa na Turai (-69,7%) da Gabas ta Tsakiya (-68,8%). A cikin manyan kasuwanni biyu na Asiya da Arewacin Amurka, zirga-zirgar fasinja ya ragu da -59,8% da -61,3%, bi da bi. A cikin ƙididdiga, mafi yawan fasinjojin sun yi hasarar a tashar jiragen ruwa na Asiya da tsibirin Pacific (- fasinjoji biliyan 2,0), Turai (- fasinjoji biliyan 1,7) da Arewacin Amirka.
A cikin watanni biyun farko na 2020, ana gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a yawancin ƙasashe ba tare da manyan hani ba, kuma tashoshin jiragen ruwa sun yi hidima ga matafiya miliyan 1592 a wannan kwata, wanda ya kai kashi 47,7% na sakamakon shekara. A cikin watanni masu zuwa, aikin su ya kasance alama ce ta farkon bullar cutar sankara ta coronavirus, lokacin da aka gabatar da kulle-kulle (tange) da hani kan zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na yau da kullun a yawancin ƙasashe. Kwata na biyu ya ƙare tare da fasinjoji miliyan 251, wanda shine 10,8% na sakamakon kwata na shekarar da ta gabata (2318 97,3 fasinja-fasinja). A gaskiya ma, kasuwar sufurin jiragen sama ta daina aiki, kuma an yi rikodin raguwar mafi girma a cikin kwata na yawan zirga-zirga a cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu zuwa: Afirka (-96,3%), Gabas ta Tsakiya (-19%) da Turai. Tun tsakiyar shekara, zirga-zirgar ababen hawa sun ci gaba a hankali. Koyaya, tare da isowar bullar cutar ta biyu da kuma gabatar da ƙarin takunkumi don hana yaduwar Covid-737, zirga-zirgar jiragen sama ta sake raguwa. A cikin kwata na uku, filayen jiragen sama sun yi hidima ga fasinjoji miliyan 22, wanda ya kai kashi 85,4% na sakamakon shekara. Dangane da daidai wannan lokacin na shekarar da ta gabata, an sami raguwa mafi girma a cikin kwata-kwata na zirga-zirgar kaya a cikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu zuwa: Gabas ta Tsakiya (-82,9%), Afirka (-779%) da Kudancin Amurka. Filayen jiragen sama sun kula da fasinjoji miliyan 78,3 a cikin kwata na huɗu, kuma zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a zaɓaɓɓun ƙasashe ya shafi tafiye-tafiye. Tashar jiragen ruwa a Turai sun rubuta mafi girma a cikin kwata-kwata na zirga-zirgar fasinja, a -58,5%, yayin da tashar jiragen ruwa a Asiya da tsibirin Pacific (-XNUMX%) da Kudancin Amirka sun sami asarar mafi ƙarancin.
