Jirgin saman Argentina

Aerolíneas Argentinas shine jirgin saman Kudancin Amurka na farko da ya karɓi Boeing 737-MAX 8.

Hoton: An isar da jirgin zuwa Buenos Aires a ranar 23 ga Nuwamba, 2017. A watan Yuni 2018, 5 B737MAX8s aka yi aiki a kan layi, ta 2020 mai ɗaukar kaya zai karɓi 11 B737s a cikin wannan sigar. Hotunan Boeing

Tarihin jigilar jiragen sama a ƙasa ta biyu mafi girma a Kudancin Amurka ya koma kusan shekaru ɗari. Tsawon shekaru saba'in, jirgin saman dakon jirgin sama mafi girma a kasar shine Aerolíneas Argentinas, wanda ya fuskanci gasa daga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu a yayin ci gaban kasuwar sufurin jiragen sama. A farkon 90s, kamfanin Argentine ya kasance mai zaman kansa, amma bayan sauyin da bai yi nasara ba, ya sake fadawa hannun baitul malin jihar.

Ƙoƙarin farko na kafa zirga-zirgar jiragen sama a Argentina ya kasance tun 1921. Daga nan ne Kamfanin Jirgin Ruwa na River Plate, mallakar Manjo Shirley H. Kingsley, tsohon matukin jirgi a Royal Flying Corps, ya fara tashi daga Buenos Aires zuwa Montevideo, Uruguay. An yi amfani da Airco DH.6s na soja don sadarwa, sannan kuma DH.16 mai kujeru huɗu. Duk da alluran babban jari da kuma canjin suna, kamfanin ya fita daga kasuwanci bayan ƴan shekaru. A cikin 20s da 30s, yunƙurin kafa sabis na iska na yau da kullun a Argentina kusan ba su yi nasara ba. Dalilin ya kasance gasa mai ƙarfi daga wasu hanyoyin sufuri, tsadar aiki, tsadar tikiti ko cikas. Bayan wani ɗan gajeren lokaci na aiki, kamfanonin sufuri sun rufe ayyukansu da sauri. Wannan shi ne yanayin Lloyd Aéreo Cordoba, wanda Junkers ya taimaka, wanda ya yi aiki daga Cordoba a cikin 1925-27 bisa ga F.13 guda biyu da G.24, ko kuma a tsakiyar 30s Servicio Aéreo Territorial de Santa Cruz, Sociedad. Yana jigilar Aéreos (STA) da Servicio Experimental de Transporte Aéreo (SETA). Irin wannan makoma ta sami ƙungiyoyin tashi sama da yawa masu hidimar sadarwar gida a cikin 20s.

Kamfanin na farko da ya ci nasara wanda ya ci gaba da gudanar da ayyukansa na sufurin jiragen sama a kasar na dogon lokaci, wani kamfanin jirgin sama ne da aka kirkira a kan shirin Aéropostale na Faransa. A cikin 20s, kamfanin ya haɓaka sufurin gidan waya wanda ya isa yankin kudancin nahiyar Amurka, daga inda aka yi haɗin gwiwa da Turai daga ƙarshen shekaru goma. Gane sabbin damar kasuwanci, a ranar 27 ga Satumba, 1927, kamfanin ya kafa Aeroposta Argentina SA. Sabon layin ya fara aiki ne bayan watanni da dama na shirye-shirye da kuma gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da yawa a shekarar 1928, wanda ya tabbatar da yuwuwar zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na yau da kullun akan hanyoyi daban-daban. Idan babu izini a hukumance, a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1929, Latécoère 25s biyu mallakar al'umma sun yi jirgi mara izini daga filin jirgin saman Janar Pacheco a Buenos Aires zuwa Asuncion a Paraguay. A ranar 14 ga watan Yuli na wannan shekarar, an fara jigilar jirage masu saukar ungulu ta hanyar Andes zuwa Santiago de Chile ta hanyar amfani da jirgin Potez 25. Daga cikin matukan jirgi na farko da suka fara tashi a kan sabbin hanyoyin, musamman, Antoine de Saint-Exupery. Ya kuma dauki nauyin Latécoère 1 1929 Nuwamba 25, yana buɗe sabis ɗin haɗin gwiwa daga Buenos Aires, Bahia Blanca, San Antonio Oeste da Trelew zuwa cibiyar mai na Comodoro Rivadavia; An yi tafiyar mil 350 na farko zuwa Bahia ta jirgin kasa, sauran tafiyar kuwa ta jirgin sama ne.

A cikin shekarun 30s da 40s, sababbin kamfanoni da yawa sun bayyana a kasuwar sufuri ta Argentine, ciki har da SASA, SANA, Corporación Sudamericana de Servicios Aéreos, wanda gwamnatin Italiya ta yi girma, ko Líneas Aéreas del Sudoeste (LASO) da Líneas Aéreas del Noreste ( LANE), wanda jirgin saman sojan Argentine ya kirkira. Kamfanoni biyu na ƙarshe sun haɗu a cikin 1945 kuma sun fara aiki a matsayin Líneas Aéreas del Estado (LADE). Har yanzu ma'aikacin soja yana gudanar da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na yau da kullun har zuwa yau, saboda haka shine mafi tsufa mai aiki a Argentina.

A yau, Aerolíneas Argentinas shine jirgin sama na biyu mafi tsufa kuma mafi girma a ƙasar. Tarihin kamfanin jirgin ya samo asali ne tun a shekarun 40, kuma farkon aikinsa yana da alaƙa da sauye-sauye a kasuwar sufurin jiragen sama da kuma sauye-sauyen siyasa. Ya kamata a ambata da farko cewa kafin 1945, kamfanonin jiragen sama na kasashen waje (mafi yawan PANAGRA) sun sami 'yancin kasuwanci da yawa a Argentina. Baya ga alaƙar ƙasashen duniya, za su iya aiki tsakanin biranen da ke cikin ƙasar. Gwamnati ba ta ji dadin wannan shawarar ba kuma ta ba da shawarar cewa kamfanonin cikin gida su ci gaba da kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. A karkashin sabbin dokokin da suka fara aiki a watan Afrilun 1945, kamfanoni mallakar gwamnati ne kawai za su iya sarrafa hanyoyin gida ko kuma ma'aikatar sufurin jiragen sama na kamfanin, wadanda mallakar 'yan kasar Argentina ne.

ALFA, FAMA, ZONDA da Aeroposta - manyan hudu na ƙarshen 40s.

Gwamnati ta raba kasar zuwa yankuna shida, kowanne daga cikinsu na iya yin aiki da daya daga cikin kamfanoni na musamman na hada-hadar hannayen jari. Sakamakon sabon tsarin, sabbin kamfanonin jiragen sama uku sun shiga kasuwa: FAMA, ALFA da ZONDA. Jirgin ruwa na farko, wanda cikakken sunansa shine Argentine Fleet Aérea Mercante (FAMA), an ƙirƙira shi a ranar 8 ga Fabrairu, 1946. Ba da daɗewa ba ya fara aiki ta hanyar amfani da jiragen ruwa na Short Sandringham, waɗanda aka saya da nufin buɗe haɗin gwiwa da Turai. Layin ya zama kamfani na farko na Argentine don ƙaddamar da balaguron balaguro. Ayyukan zuwa Paris da London (ta hanyar Dakar), wanda aka ƙaddamar a watan Agusta 1946, sun dogara ne akan DC-4. A watan Oktoba, Madrid tana kan taswirar FAMA, kuma a watan Yuli na shekara mai zuwa, Rome. Har ila yau, kamfanin ya yi amfani da Avro 691 Lancastrian C.IV da Avro 685 York C.1 na Biritaniya don sufuri, amma saboda rashin jin daɗi da gazawar aiki, waɗannan jiragen sun yi rashin kyau a kan dogayen hanyoyi. Tashar jiragen sama na kuma sun haɗa da Vickers Vikings masu amfani da tagwaye waɗanda ke aiki da farko akan hanyoyin gida da nahiya. A cikin Oktoba 1946, DC-4 ya fara tashi zuwa New York ta Rio de Janeiro, Belém, Trinidad da Havana, mai ɗaukar kaya kuma ya yi aiki zuwa São Paulo; ba da daɗewa ba aka cika rundunar da DC-6 tare da matsi mai matsi. FAMA tana aiki a ƙarƙashin sunanta har zuwa 1950, hanyar sadarwar ta, ban da garuruwan da aka ambata a baya, sun haɗa da Lisbon da Santiago de Chile.

Kamfani na biyu da aka ƙirƙira a matsayin wani ɓangare na canje-canje a cikin kasuwar sufuri ta Argentine shine Aviación del Litoral Fluvial Argentino (ALFA), wanda aka kafa a ranar 8 ga Mayu, 1946. Daga watan Janairun 1947, layin ya fara aiki a yankin arewa maso gabashin kasar tsakanin Buenos Aires, Posadas, Iguazu, Colonia da Montevideo, wanda sojojin LADE ke gudanarwa. Har ila yau, kamfanin ya yi jigilar jirage na gidan waya, wanda har ya zuwa yanzu wani kamfani mallakin sojojin Argentina - Servicio Aeropostales del Estado (SADE) - wani bangare na LADE da aka ambata. An dakatar da layin a cikin 1949, ƙafar ƙarshe na aikinsa akan taswirar hanya ya haɗa da Buenos Aires, Parana, Reconquista, Resistance, Formosa, Monte Caseros, Corrientes, Iguazu, Concordia (duk a yankin arewa maso gabashin ƙasar) da Asuncion ( Paraguay) da kuma Montevideo (Uruguay). Rundunar ALFA ta hada da, da sauransu, Macchi C.94s, Short S.25s shida, Beech C-18S guda biyu, Noorduyn Norseman VIs bakwai da DC-3 guda biyu.