Dakatar da abin hawa

Labarin yana bayyana ka'idar aiki na dakatarwar daidaitawa na mota, ribobi da fursunoni, da na'urar. Babban nau'ikan injuna waɗanda aka samo injin da farashin gyare-gyare ana nuna su. A ƙarshen labarin, bita na bidiyo na ka'idar aiki na dakatarwar daidaitawa Labarin ya bayyana ka'idar aiki na dakatarwar daidaitawa na mota, ribobi da fursunoni, da na'urar. Babban nau'ikan injuna waɗanda aka samo injin da farashin gyare-gyare ana nuna su. A ƙarshen labarin akwai bita na bidiyo na ka'idar aiki na dakatarwar daidaitawa.

Ana ɗaukar dakatarwar mota ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da ke da alhakin ta'aziyya da ikon motsawa. A matsayinka na mai mulki, wannan shine haɗuwa da abubuwa daban-daban, nodes da abubuwa, kowannensu yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Kafin haka, mun riga mun yi la'akari da MacPherson struts, Multi-link and torsion biam, don haka akwai wani abu da za a kwatanta da kuma fahimtar yadda ta'aziyya ya fi kyau ko mafi muni, gyare-gyare mai arha ko tsada, da kuma yadda ya dace da dakatarwa da kuma ka'idar aiki an gyara.

Menene dakatarwa mai daidaitawa

Daga sunan da kansa, cewa dakatarwa yana daidaitawa, ya bayyana a fili cewa tsarin zai iya ta atomatik ko umarnin kwamfuta akan jirgin canza wasu halaye, sigogi da daidaitawa da bukatun direba ko filin hanya. Ga wasu masana'antun, wannan sigar na'urar kuma ana kiranta Semi-active.

Babban halayen gabaɗayan injin shine matakin damping na masu ɗaukar girgiza (gudun damfara girgizawa da rage watsawar girgiza zuwa jiki). An san farkon ambaton tsarin daidaitawa tun daga 50s na karni na 20. Daga nan sai masana'antun suka fara amfani da struts na hydropneumatic maimakon dampers na gargajiya da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Tushen shine silinda na ruwa da na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa. Ka'idar aiki ta kasance mai sauƙi, saboda canji a matsa lamba na ruwa, sigogi na tushe da chassis na mota sun canza.

Mota ta farko da aka gano wani strut na hydropneumatic shine Citroen, wanda aka saki a 1954.

Daga baya, an yi amfani da wannan tsarin don motocin DS, kuma tun daga 90s, dakatarwar Hydractive ta bayyana, wanda injiniyoyi ke amfani da su kuma inganta su har yau. Ta hanyar ƙara na'urorin sarrafa lantarki da na atomatik, na'urar kanta za a iya daidaita ta zuwa saman hanya ko salon tuƙi. Don haka, a bayyane yake cewa babban ɓangaren tsarin daidaitawa na yanzu shine na'urorin lantarki da raƙuman ruwa na hydropneumatic, waɗanda ke da ikon canza halaye dangane da na'urori masu auna firikwensin daban-daban da kuma nazarin kwamfutocin da ke kan jirgin.

Ta yaya dakatarwar motar ta dace

Dangane da masana'anta, dakatarwa da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa na iya canzawa, amma akwai kuma abubuwan da zasu zama daidaitattun duk zaɓuɓɓuka. Yawanci, wannan saitin ya haɗa da:

• controlungiyar sarrafa lantarki;
• racks masu aiki (daidaitattun motocin mota);
• sanduna anti-roll tare da aikin daidaitacce;
• daban-daban na'urori masu auna firikwensin (hargitsin hanya, jujjuyawar jiki, sharewa, da sauransu).

Kowane ɗayan abubuwan da aka jera yana da nauyi mai mahimmanci don ayyuka na tsarin daidaitawa ta atomatik. Zuciyar injin ita ce sashin kula da dakatarwa ta lantarki na motar, shine wanda ke da alhakin zaɓar yanayin da saita hanyoyin kowane mutum. A matsayinka na mai mulki, yana nazarin bayanan da aka tattara daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin daban-daban, ko kuma suna karɓar umarni daga rukunin hannu (mai zaɓin da direba ke sarrafa). Dangane da nau'in siginar da aka karɓa, daidaitawar taurin zai kasance ta atomatik (a yanayin tattara bayanai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin) ko tilastawa (da direba).

Ma'anar madaidaicin sandar mai daidaitawa ta hanyar lantarki daidai yake da a cikin mashaya anti-roll na al'ada, kawai bambanci shine ikon daidaita matakin tsayin daka dangane da umarni daga sashin sarrafawa. Sau da yawa yana aiki a lokacin sarrafa motar, don haka yana rage jujjuyawar jiki. Naúrar sarrafawa tana iya ƙididdige sigina a cikin millise seconds, wanda ke ba ku damar amsawa nan take ga ɓarkewar hanya da yanayi daban-daban.

Na'urori masu dacewa da abubuwan hawa yawanci na'urori ne na musamman waɗanda manufarsu shine aunawa da tattara bayanai da canja wurin su zuwa sashin sarrafawa na tsakiya. Misali, firikwensin saurin mota yana tattara bayanai kan ingancin motoci masu tsada, kuma a lokacin nadi na jiki yana aiki kuma yana watsa bayanai zuwa sashin sarrafawa.

Na'urar firikwensin na biyu shine firikwensin karo na hanya, yana maida martani ga kumbura kuma yana watsa bayanai game da girgizar jikin mota a tsaye. Mutane da yawa suna la'akari da shi a matsayin babba, kamar yadda yake da alhakin daidaitawa na gaba na racks. Ba ƙaramin mahimmanci ba shine firikwensin matsayi na jiki, yana da alhakin matsayi na kwance kuma yayin motsa jiki yana watsa bayanai akan karkatar da jiki (lokacin birki ko haɓakawa). Sau da yawa a cikin wannan yanayin, jikin motar yana jingin gaba yayin takawar birki ko baya yayin daɗaɗɗen hanzari.

Kamar yadda aka nuna, daidaitacce na dakatarwa struts

Dalla-dalla na ƙarshe na tsarin daidaitawa shine matakan daidaitacce (aiki). Wadannan abubuwa da sauri suna mayar da martani ga farfajiyar hanya, da kuma salon motar. Ta hanyar canza matsa lamba na ruwa a ciki, taurin dakatarwar gaba ɗaya shima yana canzawa. Masana sun bambanta manyan nau'ikan walƙiya guda biyu: tare da ruwa mai magnetic rheological kuma tare da bawul ɗin lantarki.

Sigar farko na racks masu aiki suna cike da ruwa na musamman. Dankowar ruwa na iya bambanta dangane da ƙarfin filin lantarki. Mafi girman juriya na ruwa don wucewa ta hanyar bawul, ƙarfin tushe na motar zai kasance. Ana amfani da irin waɗannan struts a cikin motocin Cadillac da Chevrolet (MagneRide) ko Audi (Magnetic Ride). Dangane da umarnin daga sashin sarrafawa, sashin yana canzawa, kuma rigidity na racks yana canzawa daidai. Ana iya samun irin wannan tsarin a cikin dakatarwar motocin Volkswagen (DCC), Mercedes-Benz (ADS), Toyota (AVS), Opel (CDS) da BMW (EDC).

Yadda dakatarwar mota mai dacewa take aiki

Abu ɗaya ne don fahimtar tushen abubuwan dakatarwa, kuma wani abu ne don fahimtar yadda take aiki. Bayan haka, ainihin ƙa'idar aiki ce za ta ba da ra'ayi game da yuwuwar da amfani da lokuta. Don farawa, la'akari da zaɓi na sarrafa dakatarwa ta atomatik, lokacin da kwamfutar da ke kan jirgi da na'ura mai sarrafa lantarki ke da alhakin matakin taurin kai da saituna. A cikin irin wannan yanayi, tsarin yana tattara duk bayanai daga sharewa, haɓakawa da sauran na'urori masu auna firikwensin, sa'an nan kuma canja wurin komai zuwa sashin sarrafawa.

Bidiyon yana nuna ƙa'idar aiki na dakatarwar daidaitawa ta Volkswagen

Ƙarshen yana nazarin bayanan kuma ya yanke shawara game da yanayin filin hanya, tsarin tuki da sauran halayen mota. Dangane da ƙaddamarwa, toshe yana ba da umarni don daidaita ƙaƙƙarfan struts, sarrafa sandar anti-roll, da sauran abubuwan da ke da alhakin ta'aziyya a cikin ɗakin kuma suna da alaƙa da aiki na tushen daidaitawar abin hawa. Ya kamata a fahimci cewa duk abubuwa da cikakkun bayanai suna haɗuwa kuma suna aiki ba kawai don karɓar umarni ba, har ma don amsa matsayi, umarnin da aka warware, da buƙatar gyara wasu nodes. Ya bayyana cewa tsarin, baya ga watsa shirye-shirye na umarni, yana kuma koyi (daidaitawa) ga bukatun direba ko rashin daidaituwa na hanya.

Ba kamar sarrafa atomatik na dakatarwar daidaitawa na injin ba, kulawar hannu ya bambanta a ƙa'idar aiki. Masana sun bambanta manyan kwatance guda biyu: na farko, lokacin da direba ya saita taurin da karfi ta hanyar daidaita ma'auni (amfani da masu sarrafa motar). Zaɓin na biyu shine Semi-manual ko Semi-atomatik, tun da farko ana haɗa hanyoyin zuwa toshe na musamman, kuma direba kawai ya zaɓi yanayin tuƙi. Don haka, na'urar lantarki ta dakatarwa mai daidaitawa tana aika umarni zuwa hanyoyin don saita taurin na'urar. A lokaci guda kuma, bayanai daga na'urori masu auna firikwensin ana karantawa kaɗan, galibi ana amfani da su don daidaita sigogin da ke akwai ta yadda tushe ya zama mai daɗi sosai ga wasu yanayin hanyoyin. tukin hanya.

Ribobi da rashin lahani na dakatarwar mota mai dacewa

Ko ta yaya aka tsara na'urar, za a kasance koyaushe ana samun bangarori masu kyau da mara kyau (da da ragi). Dakatar da dacewa da mota ba banda bane, duk da cewa masana da yawa suna magana ne kawai game da fa'idodin hanyoyin.

Ribobi da rashin lahani na dakatarwar mota mai dacewa
Amfanin	Lalacewar
Kyakkyawan santsi mai gudana	Babban farashin samarwa
Kyakkyawan sarrafa mota (ko da kan mummunan hanya)	Babban farashi na gyaran dakatarwa da kulawa
Yiwuwar canza filin motar kyauta	Kyawawan ƙira
Daidaitawa ga yanayin hanya	Matsalolin gyarawa
Zaɓin yanayin tuƙi	Sauyawa nau'i-nau'i na hydropneumoelements akan axles
Rayuwa mai tsawo na abubuwan hydropneumatic (kimanin kilomita 25)	-

Mun ga cewa babbar matsalar da ke tattare da ginin motar motar ita ce tsadar kula da ita, gyara da samar da ita. Bugu da ƙari, zane ba shine mafi sauƙi ba. Rashin nasarar ɗaya daga cikin na'urori masu auna firikwensin zai yi tasiri nan da nan dacewa da dacewa da tsarin. Babban ƙari shine na'urorin lantarki, wanda ke amsawa a cikin ɗan ƙaramin abu na daƙiƙa, don haka ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don ingantaccen aiki na jikin mota.

Babban bambance-bambancen dakatarwar daidaitawa

Kwatanta na'urar dakatarwa mai daidaitawa da aka bayyana a sama da sauransu, kamar Multi-link ko MacPherson struts, ana iya lura da bambance-bambance ko da ba tare da ƙwarewa na musamman a fagen ƙirar mota ba. Misali, yayin da MacPherson ke jin daɗi, fasinjojin da ke cikin motar za su fuskanci mahaɗar shimfida mai kyau da mara kyau. Gudanar da irin wannan dakatarwa akan hanya mara kyau ya ɓace kuma ba koyaushe shine mafi kyau ba a yanayin tuki daga kan hanya.

Dangane da daidaitawa, direban, a zahiri, ƙila ba zai gane lokacin da motar ta shiga hanya cikin yanayi mara kyau ba. Tsarin yana daidaitawa tare da saurin walƙiya, yana canza yanayin sarrafawa da taurin raƙuman ruwa. Na'urori masu auna firikwensin sun zama masu hankali, kuma racks suna amsa umarni da sauri daga sashin sarrafa lantarki.

Dangane da tsarin tsarin, ban da takamaiman raƙuman ruwa, tsarin yana bambanta da yawancin na'urori masu auna firikwensin, tsarin sassan da kansu, da kuma babban bayyanar da ke da sauƙin lura lokacin kallon motar mota. Ya kamata a lura da cewa dakatar da irin wannan mota yana ci gaba da ci gaba, kuma ba shi da ma'ana don yin magana game da kowane ƙira ko bambance-bambance. Injiniyoyi daga masana'antun daban-daban suna yin la'akari da gazawar, rage farashin sassa masu tsada, haɓaka rayuwar sabis da haɓaka damar. Idan muka yi magana game da kamanceceniya tare da wasu dakatarwar da aka sani, to, tsarin daidaitawa ya fi dacewa da ƙira mai haɗawa da yawa ko haɗin haɗin gwiwa biyu.

Wadanne motoci ne aka saka tare da dakatarwa na daidaitawa

Neman mota tare da dakatarwa na daidaitawa ya fi sauƙi a yau fiye da shekaru 10 da suka wuce. Za mu iya cewa da yawa premium motoci ko SUVs sanye take da irin wannan inji. Tabbas, wannan ƙari ne don kuɗin motar, amma kuma ƙari don ta'aziyya da kulawa. Daga cikin shahararrun samfuran:

• Toyota Land Cruiser Prado
• Audi K7;
• BMVH5;
• Mercedes-Benz GL-Class;
• Volkswagen Abzinawa;
• Vauxhall Movano;
• BMW 3 jerin;
• Lexus GX460;
• Volkswagen Caravelle.

A zahiri, wannan shine mafi ƙarancin jerin motocin da za'a iya samu akan titi a kowane birni. Godiya ga kyawawan halaye na ta'aziyya da ikon daidaitawa zuwa hanya, tushen daidaitawa yana ƙara zama sananne.

Tsarin na'urar na dakatarwar daidaitawa na motar

 

1. Firikwensin axle na gaba;
2. Na'urar firikwensin matakin jiki (hagu na gaba);
3. Na'urar hanzarin jiki (hagu na gaba);
4. Mai karɓa 2;
5. Level firikwensin, na baya;
6. Rear axle shock absorber;
7. Firikwensin saurin jiki, na baya;
8. Mai karɓa 1;
9. Naúrar sarrafawa don dakatarwar daidaitawa;
10. Maɓallin sarrafa sharewa a cikin akwati na motar;
11. Naúrar samar da iska tare da toshe bawul;
12. Firikwensin saurin jiki, gaban dama;
13. Na'urar firikwensin matakin gaban dama.

Babban zaɓuɓɓukan lalacewa da farashin sassan dakatarwa

Kamar kowace hanya, irin wannan dakatarwar ta gaza kan lokaci, musamman idan aka yi la'akari da yanayin aikinta. Yana da matukar wahala a iya hasashen abin da daidai zai gaza a cikin irin wannan tsarin, bisa ga maɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, racks, kowane nau'ikan abubuwan haɗin gwiwa (hoses, haši da bushings na roba), da na'urori masu auna firikwensin da ke da alhakin tattara bayanai, suna saurin lalacewa.

Asarar sifa ta tushen daidaita na'ura na iya zama kurakuran firikwensin daban-daban. A cikin gidan kuna jin rashin jin daɗi, rumble, har ma da duk abubuwan da ke cikin saman hanya. Wani kuskuren halayen halayen na iya zama ƙarancin izinin motar, wanda ba daidai ba ne. A mafi yawan lokuta, wannan gazawar firam, silinda ko tasoshin matsa lamba. Motar za ta kasance kawai a raina, kuma ba za a yi maganar ta'aziyya da kulawa ba kwata-kwata.

Dangane da rugujewar dakatarwar da aka yi amfani da ita na motar, farashin kayan gyara don gyara kuma zai bambanta. Babban hasara shi ne cewa gyaran irin wannan na'ura yana da gaggawa, kuma idan an gano matsala, dole ne a gyara shi da wuri-wuri. A cikin classic kuma mafi yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan, gazawar masu ɗaukar girgiza ko wasu sassa suna ba ku damar tuƙi na ɗan lokaci ba tare da gyarawa ba. Don gane nawa gyare-gyare zai kudin, la'akari da farashin ga manyan sassa na 7 Audi Q2012.

The kudin na adaptive dakatar sassa Audi Q7 2012
Имя	Farashin daga, rub.
Gaban girgiza masu sha	16990
Maɓallin bugun baya	17000
hawan tsawo firikwensin	8029
Rack matsa lamba bawul	1888 g

Farashin ba shine mafi ƙanƙanta ba, kodayake wasu sassan an ce ana iya gyara su. Don haka, kafin ku gama siyan sabon sashi kuma idan kuna son adana kuɗi, duba Intanet idan kuna iya mayar da shi zuwa “yanayin yaƙi”. Dangane da kididdigar da kuma la'akari da farfajiyar hanya, masu ɗaukar girgiza da na'urori masu auna firikwensin sau da yawa suna kasawa. Shock absorbers saboda kowane nau'i na lalacewa da tasiri, na'urori masu auna firikwensin sau da yawa saboda yanayin aiki a cikin laka da yawan jerks, akan hanya mara kyau.

Bisa ga tsarin daidaitawa na zamani na mota, za mu iya cewa, a gefe guda, wannan zaɓi ne mai kyau don ta'aziyya da tuki. A gefe guda kuma, jin daɗi mai tsada mai tsada wanda ke buƙatar kulawa da gyara lokaci. Ana iya samun irin wannan tushe sau da yawa a cikin motoci masu tsada da tsada, inda ta'aziyya ya fi muhimmanci. A cewar direbobi da yawa, wannan injin yana da kyau don tafiye-tafiye a kan hanya, nesa mai nisa ko lokacin da shiru a cikin motarka ya zama dole.

Bita na bidiyo na ƙa'idar aiki na dakatarwar daidaitawa: