Shekaru 20 na Rail Rail gama gari don Diesel IIs: Alfa Romeo shine farkon

Cigaba: Hanya mai wahala ta masu zane don gabatar da sabuwar fasaha.

Su ne kashin bayan komai Fiat da Bosch

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan Fiat ta gabatar da allurar Croma kai tsaye a cikin 1986, Rover ya gabatar da irin wannan tsarin, wanda ya ƙirƙira shi tare da haɗin gwiwar ƙwararrun Burtaniya daga Perkins. Za a yi amfani da shi daga baya don ƙirar Honda. Sai a shekarar 1988 ne VW Group ke da injin dizal na kai tsaye na farko, wanda kuma yayi amfani da famfon rarraba Bosch. Ee, VW ne ke taka rawar injector taro don allurar kai tsaye a cikin motocin diesel. Koyaya, VW yana da ƙwazo sosai game da injunan TDI ɗin sa wanda ya rasa juyin juya halin ƙarshen karni na 20. Don haka, koma farkon labarin, don sake saduwa da injiniyoyi a Fiat da Bosch. Wannan karon ba game da haɗin gwiwa ba ne.

Centro Ricerce Fiat da Magnetti Marelli da aka ambata har yanzu sun sami nasarar gina tsarin aiki wanda tsarin samar da matsa lamba ya rabu da juna. Wannan yana guje wa raguwar matsa lamba kuma yana samun matsakaicin matsa lamba a babban gudu. Don yin wannan, famfo mai jujjuyawar yana cika layin dogo na karfe mai kauri mai kauri. Ana yin allurar kai tsaye ta amfani da allurar da ke sarrafa solenoid. An ƙirƙiri samfuran farko a cikin 1991, kuma bayan shekaru uku an sayar da fasahar ga Bosch, wanda ya haɓaka ta. Tsarin, wanda Fiat ya haɓaka ta wannan hanyar kuma Bosch mai ladabi, ya bayyana a cikin 1997 a cikin Alfa Romeo 156 2.4 JTD da Mercedes-Benz E220 d. A lokaci guda, matsakaicin matsa lamba allura na mashaya 1360 har yanzu bai wuce matsa lamba na wasu tsarin da suka gabata ba (amfani da Opel Vectra da Audi A6 2.5 TDI daga 1996 da BMW 320d daga 1998, famfo VP 44 don Allurar kai tsaye tana samun matsa lamba a cikin kewayon mashaya 1500 - 1750), amma sarrafa tsari da inganci suna a matakin mafi girma.

Babban fa'idarsa ita ce, tana kiyaye matsin lamba na dogo akai-akai, wanda ke ba da damar sarrafa allurar daidai, wanda kuma yanzu ana iya isar da shi cikin batches - wanda ke da matukar mahimmanci ga cakuda injin diesel. Don haka, matsa lamba mai zaman kanta ba shi da sauri, ingancin aikin konewa yana inganta sosai, wanda ke nufin cewa an rage yawan amfani da man fetur da hayaki. Tare da haɓaka tsarin, za a maye gurbin injectors na lantarki ta hanyar injectors na piezo mafi daidai, wanda zai ba da damar yin amfani da adadi mai yawa na gajeren lokaci da matsa lamba har zuwa mashaya 2500 don motoci da har zuwa mashaya 3000 don manyan motoci da bas a cikin sabuwar. tsararraki na injunan diesel.

Raɗaɗin aiki tare da Rail Rail

Tabbas, hatta injiniyoyin Fiat basa farawa da gani. Koyaya, suna da damar yin amfani da aikin duka Vickers, waɗanda suka ƙirƙira irin wannan tsarin injiniya shekaru da yawa da suka wuce, da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Tarayya ta Switzerland ETH, kuma musamman ƙungiyar Robert Hubert, waɗanda a cikin shekaru 60 suka ƙirƙiri samfurin samfurin injin dizel mai nasara. tare da Tsarin Rail na gama gari da sarrafa lantarki. Tabbas, na'urori masu amfani da lantarki na wadancan shekarun sun ba da damar samfuran aiki ne kawai a dakin gwaje-gwaje, amma a shekarar 1983, Marko Ganzer na kamfanin ETH ya mallaki "tsarin cajin batir ta hanyar lantarki" don motocin dizal. A zahiri, wannan shine farkon cigaban da aka yi alƙawarin irin wannan tsarin. Bayan duk wannan, matsalar ba a cikin tunani take ba, amma a aiwatar da ita, kuma injiniyoyin Fiat da Bosch ne ke kula da magance duk matsalolin da ke tattare da matsalar matsin lamba da ke tattare da wannan fasaha, ƙirƙirar isassun masu allura da sauransu. Sanannen abu ne cewa duk da cewa kamfanonin kera motoci a Japan suna baya a cigaban injunan dizal, a zahirin gaskiya abin hawa na farko da yayi amfani da allura ta Rail Rail shine babbar motar Hino tare da injin J08C da kuma allurar Denso, wanda sakamakon aikin tawagogin Dr. Shonei Ito da Masahiko Haske. Hakanan abin sha'awa shine gaskiyar cewa a shekarun 80, injiniyoyi a IFA na Gabashin Jamus sun sami nasarar samar da irin wannan tsarin na manyan motocin su.

Abin takaici, matsalolin kudi na Fiat a ƙarshen 90s sun tilasta masa sayar da kajin zinare ga Bosch. Bayan haka, Bosch ne ya haɓaka wannan fasaha, kuma a yau shi ne jagoran da ba a saba ba a cikin samar da waɗannan tsarin. A gaskiya ma, har yanzu akwai ƙananan masana'antun wannan kayan aiki - ban da Bosch, waɗannan sune Denso, Delphi da Siemens. Karkashin kaho da duk motar da kuka duba, za ku sami wani abu makamancin haka. Jim kadan bayan tsarin Rail na gama gari ya nuna fa'idarsa akan komai, masana'antun Faransa PSA suka gabatar da shi. A wancan lokacin, masana'antun irin su Mazda da Nissan Sun riga sun ƙaddamar da alluran kai tsaye, amma ba tare da tsarin Rail Common ba, VW ya ci gaba da neman hanyoyin samar da ingantaccen tsarin da ba ya amfani da haƙƙin mallaka na Rail Common, kuma ya gabatar da tsarin injector na gama gari. don bututun motoci a 2000. Tabbas, a cikin 2009, VW shima bai daina ba kuma bai maye gurbinsa da layin dogo na gama gari ba.

Kamfanonin kera motoci sun bullo da shi daga baya – ‘yan shekarun da suka gabata, injinan su ma an sanye su da injin famfo-injector ko abin da ake kira famfo-bututu-injector tare da nau’in fanfo daban-daban da kuma bututu mai matsananciyar gajeru. A wasan kwaikwayon na Tokyo, Quon ya nuna wani bayani mai ban sha'awa - fasahar famfo-injector, wanda, duk da haka, ana yin amfani da shi ta hanyar layin dogo na bakin ciki na gama gari tare da ƙananan matsa lamba. Ƙarshen yana taka rawar tsaka-tsaki mai daidaitawa.

Baya ga duk abubuwan da ke sama, tsarin Rail na gama gari ya banbanta da tsarin riga-kafi wanda ya ta'allaka ne akan kuzarin kuzarin da fanfo ke samarwa don daidaiton shigar mai. Don haka, babu buƙatar irin wannan babban matsi na matsin lamba, kazalika da babban tashin hankali, wanda ya fi dacewa ga injunan dizal tare da keɓaɓɓen wuta kuma wanda aka kirkira sosai a cikin injunan dizal tare da ɗakin tururuwa. Tsarin Rail na gama gari, tare da haɓaka fasahar sarrafa lantarki da turbochargers, sun ƙirƙira ƙa'idodi don juyin juya halin dizal, kuma ba tare da shi ba, injunan mai ba za su sami dama a yau ba. A hanyar, na biyun kuma sun sami irin wannan tsarin cikawa, kawai akan ƙaramin oda. Amma wannan wani labarin ne.

Haka ne, Tsarin Rail na gama gari yana da tsada da rikitarwa, amma a halin yanzu babu wani madadin madadin dizal. Masana'antu sun kuma sami nasarar ƙirƙirar mai rahusa, zaɓuɓɓukan matsin lamba don ƙananan ababen hawa kamar Indiya, inda ake girmama dizal. Bayan badakalar ta baya-bayan nan, an zargi dizal da laifin duk laifofin duniya, amma, kamar yadda gwaje-gwajen APP na baya-bayan nan suka nuna, tsabtace shi mai yiwuwa ne. A kowane hali, lokuta masu ban sha'awa suna nan gaba.

Rubutu: Georgy Kolev