BMW

Abubuwan da ke ciki FounderEmblemCar a cikin samfuriTambayoyi da amsoshi: Daga cikin shahararrun masana'antun kera motoci, waɗanda samfuransu ke mutunta duk duniya, shine BMW. Kamfanin ya tsunduma cikin samar da motocin fasinja, masu wucewa, motocin wasanni da motocin motsa jiki. Alamar tana da hedikwata a Jamus - birnin Munich. A yau, kungiyar ta hada da irin wadannan sanannun brands kamar Mini, kazalika da premium rabo ga samar da alatu motoci - Rolls-Royce. Tasirin kamfanin ya fadada ko'ina cikin duniya. A yau an saka shi a cikin jerin manyan kamfanonin kera motoci guda uku a Turai, waɗanda suka kware a keɓaɓɓun motoci masu tsada. Ta yaya wata karamar masana'anta ta samar da injunan jirage ta yi nasarar hawa kusan kololuwar "Olympus" a duniyar masu kera motoci? Ga labarinsa. Wanda ya kafa shi duka ya fara ne a cikin 1913 tare da ƙirƙirar ƙaramin kamfani tare da ƙwararrun ƙwarewa. Gustav Otto, ɗan wani mai ƙirƙira wanda ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci wajen haɓaka injin konewa na ciki ne ya kafa kamfanin. Samar da injunan jirage a wancan lokacin ya kasance abin nema, idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin yakin duniya na farko. A cikin waɗannan shekarun, Karl Rapp da Gustav sun yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar kamfani na haɗin gwiwa. Haɗin gwiwar kamfani ne, wanda ya ƙunshi ƙananan kamfanoni guda biyu waɗanda suka wanzu kaɗan kaɗan. A shekara ta 1917, sun yi rajistar kamfanin BMW, wanda aka ƙaddamar da taƙaitaccen taƙaitaccen bayani - Bavarian Motor Plant. Daga wannan lokacin ya fara tarihin sanannen mai kera motoci. Har ila yau kamfanin ya tsunduma cikin kera na'urorin samar da wutar lantarki na jiragen saman Jamus. Duk da haka, duk abin da ya canza tare da shigarwa cikin karfi na Yarjejeniyar Versailles. Matsalar ita ce, Jamus, a ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar, an hana su ƙirƙirar irin waɗannan kayayyaki. A wannan lokacin, ita ce kawai alkuki wanda alamar ta haɓaka. Don ceton kamfanin, ma'aikata sun yanke shawarar canza bayanin martaba. Tun daga wannan lokacin, suna haɓaka injinan jigilar babur. Bayan wani dan lokaci kadan, sai suka kara fadada ayyukan, suka fara kera baburan nasu. Na farko samfurin birgima kashe taron line a 1923. R32 mai taya biyu ne. Babur din ya kamu da son jama’a, ba wai kawai saboda haduwar inganci ba, a’a, a’a, saboda kasancewar babur BMW na farko da ya kafa tarihi a duniya. Ɗaya daga cikin gyare-gyaren wannan jerin, wanda Ernst Henne ya jagoranta, ya shawo kan ci gaban 279,5 kilomita a kowace awa. Babu wanda zai iya ɗaukar wannan mashaya har tsawon shekaru 14 masu zuwa. Wani rikodin duniya ya kasance na haɓaka injin jirgin sama, Motor4. Domin kada a karya ka'idojin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya, an kirkiro wannan rukunin wutar lantarki a wasu sassan Turai. An shigar da wannan ICE a cikin jirgin sama wanda a cikin 19 ya shawo kan matsakaicin matsakaicin tsayi don samfuran samarwa - 9760m. Sha'awar da amincin wannan samfurin na naúrar, Tarayyar Soviet Rasha kammala yarjejeniya a kan halittar latest Motors domin shi. Shekaru 30 na karni na 19 an san su da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama na Rasha akan nisa mai nisa, kuma cancantar wannan shine ainihin injin konewa na cikin Bavaria. Tuni a farkon shekarun 1940, kamfanin ya riga ya sami suna mai kyau, duk da haka, kamar yadda yake a cikin sauran kamfanonin motoci, wannan masana'antar ta yi asara mai yawa saboda ɓarkewar Yaƙin Duniya na II. Don haka, samar da injunan jiragen sama a hankali ya faɗaɗa tare da haɓaka babura masu sauri da aminci. Lokaci ya yi da alamar zata ƙara haɓaka, kuma ta zama masana'antar kera motoci. Amma kafin shiga cikin manyan abubuwan tarihi na kamfanin, wanda ya bar alamar su a kan samfurin mota, yana da daraja a kula da alamar alamar. Alamar farko, lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri kamfani, abokan haɗin gwiwar ba su ma yi tunanin haɓaka tambarin kansu ba. Babu buƙatar wannan, tun da tsarin ɗaya kawai yayi amfani da samfurori - sojojin Jamus. Ba a buƙatar ko ta yaya za a bambance samfuransu da masu fafatawa, tunda a lokacin ba a sami abokan hamayya ba. Koyaya, lokacin da aka yiwa alama, ana buƙatar gudanarwa don tantance takamaiman tambari. Ba a dau dogon tunani ba. An yanke shawarar barin lakabin masana'antar Rapp, amma a maimakon rubutun da ya gabata, an sanya manyan haruffa bmw uku masu daraja a cikin gefan zinariya a cikin da'irar. An raba da'irar ciki zuwa sassa 4 - fari biyu da shuɗi biyu. Wadannan launuka suna nuni ga asalin kamfanin, kamar yadda suke cikin alamar Bavaria. Tallan farko na kamfanin yana da hoton jirgin sama mai tashi mai jujjuyawa, kuma an sanya rubutun BMW a gefen da'irar da aka samu. An ƙirƙiri wannan fosta don tallata sabon injin jirgin sama - babban bayanin kamfanin. Daga 1929 zuwa 1942, masu amfani da samfur ne kawai ke da alaƙa da tambarin kamfani. Sannan mahukuntan kamfanin sun tabbatar da wannan alaka a hukumance. Tun lokacin da aka kirkiro alamar, ƙirarsa ba ta canza ba kamar yadda ya faru da sauran masana'antun, irin su Dodge, kamar yadda aka bayyana a baya kadan. Kwararrun kamfanin ba su karyata ra'ayin cewa tambarin BMW a yau yana da alaƙa kai tsaye tare da alamar farfela mai juyawa, amma a lokaci guda bai tabbatar da hakan ba. Tarihin motar a cikin samfura Tarihin abubuwan da ke tattare da motoci ya fara ne a cikin 1928, lokacin da gudanarwar kamfanin ya yanke shawarar siyan masana'antar motoci da yawa a Thuringia. Tare da wuraren samarwa, kamfanin kuma ya karɓi lasisi don samar da ƙaramin mota Dixi (analog na Turanci Austin 7). Wannan ya zama zuba jari mai hikima, yayin da wata karamar mota ta zo da amfani a lokacin rashin kwanciyar hankali na kudi. Masu saye sun fi sha'awar kawai irin waɗannan samfuran waɗanda ke ba su damar motsawa cikin kwanciyar hankali, amma a lokaci guda ba su cinye mai da yawa ba. 1933 - an dauke shi wurin farawa a cikin samar da motoci a kan dandalin kansa. 328 yana samun sanannen nau'ikan nau'ikan har yanzu a cikin duk motocin asalin Bavarian - abin da ake kira grille nostrils. Motar wasanni ta juya ta zama tasiri sosai cewa duk sauran samfuran samfuran sun fara karɓar matsayin abin dogaro, mai salo da sauri ta hanyar tsohuwa. A ƙarƙashin murfin samfurin akwai injin silinda 6, tare da kan silinda da aka yi da kayan gawa mai haske da tsarin rarraba iskar gas. 1938 - an shigar da rukunin wutar lantarki (52), wanda aka ƙirƙira ƙarƙashin lasisi daga Pratt, wanda ake kira Whitney, akan ƙirar Junkers Yu132. A lokaci guda kuma, babur wasanni ya fito daga layin taron, matsakaicin gudun wanda ya kai kilomita 210 a kowace awa. A shekara mai zuwa, racer G. Mayer. 1951 - bayan dogon da wuya lokaci na farfadowa bayan yakin, an saki samfurin mota na farko bayan yakin - 501. Amma shi ne gazawar jerin da ya rage a cikin tarihin tarihi. 1955 - Kamfanin ya sake faɗaɗa layin ƙirar babur tare da ingantaccen chassis. A wannan shekarar, akwai wani matasan babur da mota - Isetta. An sake karɓar wannan ra'ayi tare da farin ciki, saboda masana'anta sun ba da motocin injuna masu araha ga talakawa. A daidai wannan lokacin, kamfanin, yana tsammanin saurin ƙaruwa na shahararrun mutane, yana mai da hankali ga ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar limousines. Duk da haka, wannan ra'ayin kusan yana haifar da damuwa ga rushewa. Alamar da kyar take gudanar da ita don gujewa wani damuwa - Mercedes-Benz. A karo na uku, kamfanin yana farawa kusan daga karce. 1956 - bayyanar fitacciyar motar - samfurin 507. An yi amfani da shingen silinda na aluminum don 8 "bowlers", wanda girmansa ya kai lita 3,2, an yi amfani da shi azaman naúrar wutar lantarki na hanya. Injin mai karfin dawaki 150 ya kara habaka motar wasanni zuwa kilomita 220 a cikin sa'a guda. Aayyadaddun bugu ne - a cikin shekaru uku kawai 252 ne kawai aka cire layin taron, waɗanda har yanzu ana son ganimar kowane mai tara mota. 1959 - fitowar wani sabon tsari mai nasara - 700, wanda aka kera shi da sanyaya iska. 1962 - Bayyanar motar motsa jiki ta gaba (samfurin 1500) ya farantawa duniyar masu motoci rai sosai saboda masana'antar basu da lokacin cika umarni na motar. 1966 - damuwa ta farfado da al'adar da aka manta da ita shekaru da yawa - injunan 6-cylinder. BMW 1600-2 ya bayyana, a kan abin da aka gina duk model har 2002. 1968 - Kamfanin ya gabatar da manyan sedans 2500 da 2800. Godiya ga ci gaban nasara, 60s ya zama mafi riba ga damuwa ga duk kasancewar alamar (har zuwa farkon 70s). 1970 - A farkon rabin shekaru goma, duniyar mota ta sami jerin na uku, na biyar, na shida da na bakwai. Farawa tare da 5-Series, mai sarrafa kansa yana faɗaɗa ayyukansa, yana sakewa ba kawai motocin wasanni ba, har ma da sedans masu daɗi masu daɗi. 1973 - Kamfanin ya sake fitar da motar 3.0 csl wanda ba a iya cin nasara ba, sanye take da ci gaba na injiniyoyin Bavaria. Motar ta dauki gasar zakarun Turai 6. Na'urar wutar lantarkin nata tana da na'urar rarraba iskar gas ta musamman, wanda a cikinsa akwai bawuloli biyu na sha da shaye-shaye a kowace silinda. Tsarin birki ya sami tsarin ABS wanda ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba (menene fasalinsa, karanta a cikin wani bita na daban). 1986 - wani ci gaba ya faru a duniyar motorsport - sabuwar motar wasanni ta M3 ta bayyana. An yi amfani da motar duka don tseren da'ira na babbar hanya da kuma azaman sigar hanya ga talakawa masu ababen hawa. 1987 - Samfurin Bavaria ya lashe babbar kyauta a cikin tseren da'ira na gasar cin kofin duniya. Matukin motar shine Roberto Raviglia. Tsawon shekaru 5 masu zuwa, ƙirar ba ta ba sauran masu kera motoci damar kafa nasu yanayin tsere ba. 1987 - Wata mota ta bayyana, amma wannan lokacin ita ce hanyar Z-1. 1990 - Saki na 850i, wanda aka kera shi da naúrar wutar lantarki mai Silinda 12 tare da tsarin lantarki na injin inji na ciki. 1991 - Haɗin Jamus ya ba da gudummawa ga haihuwar BMW Rolls-Royce GmbH. Kamfanin ya tuna tushensa, kuma ya ƙirƙiri wani injin jirgin sama BR700. 1994 - damuwar ta sami rukunin masana'antu na Rover, kuma tare da shi ya sami nasarar shawo kan babban hadaddun a Ingila, wanda ya kware wajen kera samfuran MG, Rover, da Land Rover. Tare da wannan yarjejeniya mai fa'ida, kamfanin yana ƙara haɓaka kayan aikin sa don haɗawa da SUVs da manyan motocin birni masu ƙarfi. 1995 - Autoworld ya karɓi sigar yawon shakatawa na 3-Series. Siffar motar ita ce chassis na aluminum gaba daya. 1996 - Z3 7-Series ya sami jirgin ruwan diesel. Labarin maimaita tare da 1500th model 1962 - samar da wuraren ba zai iya jimre wa oda ga mota daga masu saye. 1997 - Masu amfani da babura sun ga samfurin keken titi na musamman da gaske - 1200 C. Samfurin an sanye shi da injin dambe mafi girma (lita 1,17). A cikin wannan shekarar, wani ɗan hanya mai ban mamaki, ya shahara a kowace ma'anar kalmar, ya bayyana - motar buɗe motar BMW M. 1999 - fara cinikin motar don ayyukan waje - X5. 1999 - Magoya bayan kyawawan motocin motsa jiki sun sami kyakkyawan ƙira - Z8. 1999 - Nunin Nunin Motar na Frankfurt ya gabatar da motar gaba ta Z9 GT. 2004 - farkon tallace-tallace na samfurin 116i, a ƙarƙashin kaho wanda akwai injin ƙone ciki na lita 1,6 da ƙarfin 115 hp 2006 - a wani nunin mota, kamfanin ya gabatar da masu sauraro zuwa M6 mai canzawa, wanda ya karbi injin konewa na ciki don 10 cylinders, watsa jerin SMG 7-matsayi. Matsakaicin 100 km / h ya sami damar ɗaukar motar a cikin daƙiƙa 4,8. 2007-2015 an sake tara tarin hankali tare da samfuran zamani na farko, na biyu da na uku. A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, katafaren kera motoci yana haɓaka samfuran da ke akwai, kowace shekara suna gabatar da sabbin tsararraki ko zaɓuɓɓukan gyaran fuska. Hakanan ana ƙaddamar da sabbin fasahohi don aminci da aminci a hankali a hankali. Wuraren samar da kamfani suna amfani da aikin hannu kawai. Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin ƙananan kamfanoni waɗanda ba sa amfani da na'urar daukar hoto. Kuma ga ɗan gajeren bidiyon gabatar da ra'ayi na abin hawa mara matuki daga damuwar Bavaria: Tambayoyi da Amsoshi: Wanene ke cikin rukunin BMW? Manyan samfuran duniya: BMW, BMW Motorrad, Mini, Rolls-Royce. Baya ga kera sassan wutar lantarki da motoci daban-daban, kamfanin yana ba da sabis na kudi. A wane gari aka kera BMW? Jamus: Dingolfing, Regensburg, Leipzig. Austria: Graz. Rasha, Kaliningrad. Mexico: San Luis Potosi.